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1.
The oxygen three-isotope systematics of 36 chondrules from the Allende CV3 chondrite are reported using high precision secondary ion mass spectrometer (CAMECA IMS-1280). Twenty-six chondrules have shown internally homogenous Δ17O values among olivine, pyroxene, and spinel within a single chondrule. The average Δ17O values of 19 FeO-poor chondrules (13 porphyritic chondrules, 2 barred olivine chondrules, and 4 chondrule fragments) show a peak at −5.3 ± 0.6‰ (2SD). Another 5 porphyritic chondrules including both FeO-poor and FeO-rich ones show average Δ17O values between −3‰ and −2‰, and 2 other FeO-poor barred olivine chondrules show average Δ17O values of −3.6‰ and 0‰. These results are similar to those for Acfer 094 chondrules, showing bimodal Δ17O values at −5‰ and −2‰. Nine porphyritic chondrules contain olivine grains with heterogeneous Δ17O values as low as −18‰, indicating that they are relict olivine grains and some of them were derived from precursors related to refractory inclusions. However, most relict olivine grains show oxygen isotope ratios that overlap with those in homogeneous chondrules. The Δ17O values of four barred olivine chondrules range from −5‰ to 0‰, indicating that not all BO chondrules plot near the terrestrial fractionation line as suggested by previous bulk chondrule analyses. Based on these data, we suggest the presence of multiple oxygen isotope reservoirs in local dust-rich protoplanetary disk, from which the CV3 parent asteroid formed.A compilation of 225 olivine and low-Ca pyroxene isotopic data from 36 chondrules analyzed in the present study lie between carbonaceous chondrite anhydrous mineral (CCAM) and Young and Russell lines. These data define a correlation line of δ17O = (0.982 ± 0.019) × δ18O − (2.91 ± 0.10), which is similar to those defined by chondrules in CV3 chondrites and Acfer 094 in previous studies. Plagioclase analyses in two chondrules plot slightly below the CCAM line with Δ17O values of −2.6‰, which might be the result of oxygen isotope exchange between chondrule mesostasis and aqueous fluid in the CV parent body.  相似文献   

2.
We report high precision SIMS oxygen three isotope analyses of 36 chondrules from some of the least equilibrated LL3 chondrites, and find systematic variations in oxygen isotope ratios with chondrule types. FeO-poor (type I) chondrules generally plot along a mass dependent fractionation line (Δ17O ∼ 0.7‰), with δ18O values lower in olivine-rich (IA) than pyroxene-rich (IB) chondrules. Data from FeO-rich (type II) chondrules show a limited range of δ18O and δ17O values at δ18O = 4.5‰, δ17O = 2.9‰, and Δ17O = 0.5‰, which is slightly 16O-enriched relative to bulk LL chondrites (Δ17O ∼ 1.3‰). Data from four chondrules show 16O-rich oxygen isotope ratios that plot near the CCAM (Carbonaceous Chondrite Anhydrous Mineral) line. Glass analyses in selected chondrules are systematically higher than co-existing minerals in both δ18O and Δ17O values, whereas high-Ca pyroxene data in the same chondrule are similar to those in olivine and pyroxene phenocrysts.Our results suggest that the LL chondrite chondrule-forming region contained two kinds of solid precursors, (1) 16O-poor precursors with Δ17O > 1.6‰ and (2) 16O-rich solid precursors derived from the same oxygen isotope reservoir as carbonaceous chondrites. Oxygen isotopes exhibited open system behavior during chondrule formation, and the interaction between the solid and ambient gas might occur as described in the following model. Significant evaporation and recondensation of solid precursors caused a large mass-dependent fractionation due to either kinetic or equilibrium isotope exchange between gas and solid to form type IA chondrules with higher bulk Mg/Si ratios. Type II chondrules formed under elevated dust/gas ratios and with water ice in the precursors, in which the ambient H2O gas homogenized chondrule melts by isotope exchange. Low temperature oxygen isotope exchange may have occurred between chondrule glasses and aqueous fluids with high Δ17O (∼5‰) in LL the parent body. According to our model, oxygen isotope ratios of chondrules were strongly influenced by the local solid precursors in the proto-planetary disk and the ambient gas during chondrule melting events.  相似文献   

3.
We report in situ ion microprobe analyses of oxygen isotopic compositions of olivine, low-Ca pyroxene, high-Ca pyroxene, anorthitic plagioclase, glassy mesostasis, and spinel in five aluminum-rich chondrules and nine ferromagnesian chondrules from the CR carbonaceous chondrites EET92042, GRA95229, and MAC87320. Ferromagnesian chondrules are isotopically homogeneous within ±2‰ in Δ17O; the interchondrule variations in Δ17O range from 0 to −5‰. Small oxygen isotopic heterogeneities found in two ferromagnesian chondrules are due to the presence of relict olivine grains. In contrast, two out of five aluminum-rich chondrules are isotopically heterogeneous with Δ17O values ranging from −6 to −15‰ and from −2 to −11‰, respectively. This isotopic heterogeneity is due to the presence of 16O-enriched spinel and anorthite (Δ17O = −10 to −15‰), which are relict phases of Ca,Al-rich inclusions (CAIs) incorporated into chondrule precursors and incompletely melted during chondrule formation. These observations and the high abundance of relict CAIs in the aluminum-rich chondrules suggest a close genetic relationship between these objects: aluminum-rich chondrules formed by melting of spinel-anorthite-pyroxene CAIs mixed with ferromagnesian precursors compositionally similar to magnesium-rich (Type I) chondrules. The aluminum-rich chondrules without relict CAIs have oxygen isotopic compositions (Δ17O = −2 to −8‰) similar to those of ferromagnesian chondrules. In contrast to the aluminum-rich chondrules from ordinary chondrites, those from CRs plot on a three-oxygen isotope diagram along the carbonaceous chondrite anhydrous mineral line and form a continuum with amoeboid olivine aggregates and CAIs from CRs. We conclude that oxygen isotope compositions of chondrules resulted from two processes: homogenization of isotopically heterogeneous materials during chondrule melting and oxygen isotopic exchange between chondrule melt and 16O-poor nebular gas.  相似文献   

4.
We describe a phenocryst in a CO-chondrite type-II chondrule that we infer to have formed by melting an amoeboid olivine aggregate (AOA). This magnesian olivine phenocryst has an extremely 16O-rich composition Δ17O (=δ17O - 0.52 · δ18O) = −23‰. It is present in one of the most pristine carbonaceous chondrites, the CO3.0 chondrite Yamato 81020. The bulk of the chondrule has a very different Δ17O of −1‰, thus the Δ17O range within this single chondrule is 22‰, the largest range encountered in a chondrule. We interpret the O isotopic and Fe-Mg distributions to indicate that a fine-grained AOA assemblage was incompletely melted during the flash melting that formed the chondrule. Some Fe-Mg exchange but negligible O-isotopic exchange occurred between its core and the remainder of the chondrule. A diffusional model to account for the observed Fe-Mg and O-isotopic exchange yields a cooling rate of 105 to 106 K hr−1. This estimate is much higher than the cooling rates of 101 to 103 K hr−1 inferred from furnace simulations of type-II chondrule textures (e.g. Lofgren, 1996); however, our cooling-rate applies to higher temperatures (near 1900 K) than are modeled by the crystal-growth based cooling rates. We observed a low 26Al/27Al initial ratio ((4.6 ± 3.0) · 10−6) in the chondrule mesostasis, a value similar to those in ordinary chondrites (Kita et al., 2000). If the 26Al/27Al system is a good chronometer, then chondrule I formed about 2 Ma after the formation of refractory inclusions.  相似文献   

5.
The petrological properties, and O and Al-Mg isotopic compositions of two spinel-bearing chondrules from the Allende CV chondrite were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry. A coarse spinel grain in a barred-olivine (BO) chondrule is less enriched in 16O (Δ17O ∼ −5‰; Δ17O = δ17O - 0.52 δ18O), whereas smaller spinel grains in a plagioclase-rich chondrule member of a compound chondrule are extremely 16O-rich (Δ17O ∼ −17‰) and the spinels have a strongly serrated character. The petrological features and 16O-enrichments of the spinels in the plagioclase-rich chondrule indicate that spinels originating in coarse-grained Ca-Al-rich Inclusions (CAIs) were incorporated into chondrule precursors and survived the chondrule-forming event. The degree of 16O-excesses among minerals within each chondrule is correlated to the crystallization sequences. This evidence suggests that the O isotopic variation among minerals may have resulted from incomplete exchange of O isotopes between 16O-rich chondrule melt and 16O-poor nebular gas. Aqueous alteration also has changed the O-isotope compositions in the mesostasis. The feldspathic mesostasis in the BO chondrule shows a disturbed Mg-Al isochron indicating that the BO chondrule experienced secondary alteration. While plagioclase in the plagioclase-rich chondrule member of the compound chondrule shows slight 26Mg-excesses corresponding to (26Al/27Al)0 = [4.6±4.0(2σ)] × 10−6, nepheline formed by secondary alteration shows no detectable excess. The Al-Mg isotopic system of these chondrules was disturbed by aqueous alteration and thermal metamorphism on the Allende parent body.  相似文献   

6.
We report a study of the oxygen isotope ratios of chondrules and their constituent mineral grains from the Mokoia, oxidized CV3 chondrite. Bulk oxygen isotope ratios of 23 individual chondrules were determined by laser ablation fluorination, and oxygen isotope ratios of individual grains, mostly olivine, were obtained in situ on polished mounts using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Our results can be compared with data obtained previously for the oxidized CV3 chondrite, Allende. Bulk oxygen isotope ratios of Mokoia chondrules form an array on an oxygen three-isotope plot that is subparallel to, and slightly displaced from, the CCAM (carbonaceous chondrite anhydrous minerals) line. The best-fit line for all CV3 chondrite chondrules has a slope of 0.99, and is displaced significantly (by δ17O ∼ −2.5‰) from the Young and Russell slope-one line for unaltered calcium-aluminum-rich inclusion (CAI) minerals. Oxygen isotope ratios of many bulk CAIs also lie on the CV-chondrule line, which is the most relevant oxygen isotope array for most CV chondrite components. Bulk oxygen isotope ratios of most chondrules in Mokoia have δ18O values around 0‰, and olivine grains in these chondrules have similar oxygen isotope ratios to their bulk values. In general, it appears that chondrule mesostases have higher δ18O values than olivines in the same chondrules. Our bulk chondrule data spread to lower δ18O values than any ferromagnesian chondrules that have been measured previously. Two chondrules with the lowest bulk δ18O values (−7.5‰ and −11.7‰) contain olivine grains that display an extremely wide range of oxygen isotope ratios, down to δ17O, δ18O around -50‰ in one chondrule. In these chondrules, there are no apparent relict grains, and essentially no relationships between olivine compositions, which are homogeneous, and oxygen isotopic compositions of individual grains. Heterogeneity of oxygen isotope ratios within these chondrules may be the result of incorporation of relict grains from objects such as amoeboid olivine aggregates, followed by solid-state chemical diffusion without concomitant oxygen equilibration. Alternatively, oxygen isotope exchange between an 16O-rich precursor and an 16O-poor gas may have taken place during chondrule formation, and these chondrules may represent partially equilibrated systems in which isotopic heterogeneities became frozen into the crystallizing olivine grains. If this is the case, we can infer that the earliest nebular solids from which chondrules formed had δ17O and δ18O values around -50‰, similar to those observed in refractory inclusions.  相似文献   

7.
We found thirty compound chondrules in two CV3 carbonaceous chondrites. The abundance in each meteorite relative to single chondrules is 29/1846 (1.6%) in Allende and 1/230 (0.4%) in Axtell. We examined petrologic features, major element concentrations and oxygen isotopic compositions. Textural, compositional and isotopic evidence suggests that multiple, different mechanisms are responsible for the formation of compound chondrules.Seven compound chondrules are composed of two conjoined porphyritic chondrules with a blurred boundary. At the boundary region of this type of compounds, a poikilitic texture is commonly observed. This suggests that the two chondrules were melted when they came to be in contact. On the other hand, seventeen compound chondrules consist of two conjoined chondrules with a discrete boundary. The preservation of spherical boundary planes of an earlier-formed chondrule of this type implies that it already solidified before fusing with a later-formed chondrule that was still melted. Six samples out of 17 compound chondrules of this type are composed of two BO chondrules. The BO-BO compound chondrules have a unique textural feature in common: the directions of the barred olivines are mostly parallel between two chondrules. This cannot be explained by a simple collision process and forces another mechanism to be taken into consideration.The remaining six compound chondrules differ from the others; they consist of an earlier-formed chondrule enclosed by a later-formed chondrule. A large FeO enrichment was observed in the later-formed chondrules and the enrichment was much greater than that in the later-formed chondrules of other types of compounds. This is consistent with the relict chondrule model, which envisages that the later-formed chondrule was made by a flash melting of a porous FeO-rich dust clump on an earlier-formed chondrule. The textural evidence of this type of compound shows that the earlier-formed chondrule has melted again to varying degrees at the second heating event. This implies that FeO concentrations in bulk chondrules increases during the second heating event if an earlier-formed chondrule was totally melted together with the FeO-rich dust aggregates.Silicate minerals such as olivine and low-Ca pyroxene in compound chondrules have oxygen isotope compositions similar to those in single chondrules from CV3 chondrites. The oxygen isotope composition of each part of the compound chondrule is basically similar to their chondrule pair, but silicates in some chondrules show varying degrees of 16O-enrichment down to −15‰ in δ18O, while those in their partners have 16O-poor invariable compositions near 0 ‰ in δ18O. This implies that the two chondrules in individual compounds formed in the same environments before they became conjoined and the heterogeneous oxygen isotope compositions in some chondrules resulted from incomplete exchange of oxygen atoms between 16O-rich chondrule melts and 16O-poor nebular gas.  相似文献   

8.
The iron-rich olivine end-member, fayalite, occurs in the matrix, chondrules, Ca-Al-rich inclusions (CAIs), silicate aggregates, and dark inclusions in the Kaba and Mokoia oxidized CV3 chondrites. In most occurrences, fayalite is associated with magnetite and troilite. To help constrain the origin of the fayalite (Fa98-100), we measured oxygen and silicon isotopic compositions and Mn-Cr systematics in fayalite from two petrographic settings of the Kaba meteorite. One setting consists of big fayalite laths embedded in the matrix and radiating from a core of fine-grained magnetite and sulfide, while the other setting consists of small fayalite-magnetite-sulfide assemblages within or at the surface of Type I barred or porphyritic olivine chondrules. Oxygen in the big fayalite laths and small chondrule fayalites falls on the terrestrial fractionation line, and is distinct from that in chondrule forsterites, which are enriched in 16O (Δ17O = ∼−4‰). Oxygen in the big fayalite laths may be isotopically heavier than that in chondrule fayalites. Silicon isotopes suggest that forsterite is ∼1‰/amu heavier than adjacent fayalite within Kaba chondrules. However, we were unable to confirm large silicon isotopic differences among fayalites reported previously. The Mn-Cr data for big Kaba fayalites give an initial 53Mn/55Mn ratio of (2.07 ± 0.17) × 10−6, consistent with literature results on Mokoia chondrule fayalites. The combined data suggest that fayalites in both petrographic settings formed at about the same time, ∼9.7 Ma after the formation of CAIs. Our data indicate that those fayalite-magnetite-troilite assemblages replacing metal inside and around chondrules formed by aqueous alteration on the meteorite parent body. The formation site and mechanism for the big fayalite laths is less clear, but the petrographic setting indicates that they did not form in situ. None of the models that have been suggested for formation of these fayalites is entirely satisfactory.  相似文献   

9.
High-precision measurements of the oxygen isotopic compositions of carbonates (calcite and dolomite) from five CM2 chondrites are presented and put into context of the previously determined mineralogic alteration index (MAI), which places these meteorites into an alteration sequence. The carbonate oxygen isotopic compositions range from +20.0 to +35.7‰ for δ18O, +8.0 to +17.7‰ for δ17O, and −0.7 to −2.7‰ for Δ17O. Carbonate Δ17O values are inversely correlated with MAI and track the evolution of fluid composition from higher to lower Δ17O values with increasing alteration on the CM parent body. Similar Δ17O values for calcite and dolomite fractions from the same splits of the same meteorites indicate that calcite and dolomite in each split precipitated from a single fluid reservoir. However, reversed calcite dolomite fractionations (δ18Odol − δ18Occ) indicate that the fluid was subject to processes, such as freeze-thaw or evaporation, that fractionated isotopes in a mass-dependent way. Consideration of the carbonate isotopic data in the context of previously proposed models for aqueous alteration of carbonaceous chondrites has provided important insights into both the evolving alteration conditions and the utility of the models themselves. The data as a whole indicate that the isotopic evolution of the fluid was similar to that predicted by the closed-system, two-reservoir models, but that a slightly larger matrix-water fractionation factor may apply. In the context of this model, more altered samples largely reflect greater reaction progress and thus probably indicate more extended times of fluid exposure. Petrographic observations of carbonates reveal a trend of variable carbonate morphology correlated with alteration that is also consistent with changes in the duration of fluid-rock interaction. The data can also be reconciled with fluid-flow models in a restricted region of the parent body, which is consistent with assertions that the different types of carbonaceous chondrites derive from different regions of their parent bodies. In this case, the model results for a 9-km-radius body, and our data place the location of the CM chondrite formation in a 100-m-thick zone 1 km from the surface. The size of this zone could be increased if the model parameters were adjusted.  相似文献   

10.
We report the oxygen-isotope compositions of relict and host olivine grains in six high-FeO porphyritic olivine chondrules in one of the most primitive carbonaceous chondrites, CO3.0 Yamato 81020. Because the relict grains predate the host phenocrysts, microscale in situ analyses of O-isotope compositions can help assess the degree of heterogeneity among chondrule precursors and constrain the nebular processes that caused these isotopic differences. In five of six chondrules studied, the Δ17O (=δ17O −0.52 · δ18O) compositions of host phenocrysts are higher than those in low-FeO relict grains; the one exception is for a chondrule with a moderately high-FeO relict. Both the fayalite compositions as well as the O-isotope data support the view that the low-FeO relict grains formed in a previous generation of low-FeO porphyritic chondrules that were subsequently fragmented. It appears that most low-FeO porphyritic chondrules formed earlier than most high-FeO porphyritic chondrules, although there were probably some low-FeO chondrules that formed during the period when most high-FeO chondrules were forming.  相似文献   

11.
The oxygen-isotope compositions (obtained by laser fluorination) of hand-picked separates of isolated forsterite, isolated olivine and chondrules from the Tagish Lake carbonaceous chondrite describe a line (δ17O = 0.95 * δ18O − 3.24; R2 = 0.99) similar to the trend known for chondrules from other carbonaceous chondrites. The isolated forsterite grains (Fo99.6-99.8; δ18O = −7.2‰ to −5.5‰; δ17O = −9.6‰ to −8.2‰) are more 16O-rich than the isolated olivine grains (Fo39.6-86.8; δ18O = 3.1‰ to 5.1‰; δ17O = −0.3‰ to 2.2‰), and have chemical and isotopic characteristics typical of refractory forsterite. Chondrules contain olivine (Fo97.2-99.8) with oxygen-isotope compositions (δ18O = −5.2‰ to 5.9‰; δ17O = −8.1‰ to 1.2‰) that overlap those of isolated forsterite and isolated olivine. An inverse relationship exists between the Δ17O values and Fo contents of Tagish Lake isolated forsterite and chondrules; the chondrules likely underwent greater exchange with 16O-poor nebular gases than the forsterite. The oxygen-isotope compositions of the isolated olivine grains describe a trend with a steeper slope (1.1 ± 0.1, R2 = 0.94) than the carbonaceous chondrite anhydrous mineral line (CCAMslope = 0.95). The isolated olivine may have crystallized from an evolving melt that exchanged with 16O-poor gases of somewhat different composition than those which affected the chondrules and isolated forsterite. The primordial components of the Tagish Lake meteorite formed under conditions similar to other carbonaceous chondrite meteorite groups, especially CMs. Its alteration history has its closest affinities to CI carbonaceous chondrites.  相似文献   

12.
With one exception, the low-FeO relict olivine grains within high-FeO porphyritic chondrules in the type 3.0 Acfer 094 carbonaceous chondrite have Δ17O (= δ17O − 0.52 × δ18O) values that are substantially more negative than those of the high-FeO olivine host materials. These results are similar to observations made earlier on chondrules in CO3.0 chondrites and are consistent with two independent models: (1) Nebular solids evolved from low-FeO, low-Δ17O compositions towards high-FeO, more positive Δ17O compositions; and (2) the range of compositions resulted from the mixing of two independently formed components. The two models predict different trajectories on a Δ17O vs. log Fe/Mg (olivine) diagram, but our sample set has too few values at intermediate Fe/Mg ratios to yield a definitive answer.Published data showing that Acfer 094 has higher volatile contents than CO chondrites suggest a closer link to CM chondrites. This is consistent with the high modal matrix abundance in Acfer 094 (49 vol.%). Acfer 094 may be an unaltered CM chondrite or an exceptionally matrix-rich CO chondrite. Chondrules in Acfer 094 and in CO and CM carbonaceous chondrites appear to sample the same population. Textural differences between Acfer 094 and CM chondrites are largely attributable to the high degree of hydrothermal alteration that the CM chondrites experienced in an asteroidal setting.  相似文献   

13.
Fine-grained Ca-Al-rich inclusions (FGIs) in Yamato-81020 (CO3.0) and Kainsaz (CO3.1-CO3.2) chondrites have been studied by secondary ion mass spectrometry. The FGIs from Yamato-81020 consist of aggregates of hibonite, spinel, melilite, anorthite, diopside and olivine grains with no petrographic evidence of alteration. In contrast, the FGIs from Kainsaz commonly contain alteration products such as nepheline. From replacement textures and chemical compositions of altered and unaltered FGIs, we conclude that the alteration products formed by decomposition of melilite and anorthite. All phases in the Yamato-81020 FGIs are enriched in 16O, with δ17, 18O = ∼−40‰ except for one FGI that experienced melting. Oxygen isotopic compositions of melilite, anorthite, some spinel and diopside in Kainsaz FGIs changed from δ17, 18O = ∼−40‰ toward 0‰ by aqueous alteration. Alteration products in FGIs are depleted in 16O relative to primary phases, with δ17, 18O = ∼0‰. These results show that FGIs in CO chondrites commonly had 16O-rich compositions in the solar nebula. The original 16O-rich FGIs were modified to 16O-poor compositions during aqueous alteration in the parent body.  相似文献   

14.
The properties of ordinary chondrites (OC) reflect both nebular and asteroidal processes. OC are modeled here as having acquired nebular water, probably contained within phyllosilicates, during agglomeration. This component had high Δ17O and acted like an oxidizing agent during thermal metamorphism. The nebular origin of this component is consistent with negative correlations in H, L, and LL chondrites between oxidation state (represented by olivine Fa) and bulk concentration ratios of elements involved in the metal-silicate fractionation (e.g., Ni/Si, Ir/Si, Ir/Mn, Ir/Cr, Ir/Mg, Ni/Mg, As/Mg, Ga/Mg). LL chondrites acquired the greatest abundance of phyllosilicates with high Δ17O among OC (and thus became the most oxidized group and the one with the heaviest O isotopes); H chondrites acquired the lowest abundance, becoming the most reduced OC group with the lightest O isotopes.Chondrule precursors may have grown larger and more ferroan with time in each OC agglomeration zone. Nebular turbulence may have controlled the sizes of chondrule precursors. H-chondrite chondrules (which are the smallest among OC) formed from the smallest precursors. In each OC region, low-FeO chondrules formed before high-FeO chondrules during repeated episodes of chondrule formation.During thermal metamorphism, phyllosilicates were dehydrated; the liberated water oxidized metallic Fe-Ni. This caused correlated changes with petrologic type including decreases in the modal abundance of metal, increases in olivine Fa and low-Ca pyroxene Fs, increases in the olivine/pyroxene ratio, and increases in the kamacite Co and Ni contents. As water (with its heavy O isotopes) was lost during metamorphism, inverse correlations between bulk δ18O and bulk δ17O with petrologic type were produced.The H5 chondrites that were ejected from their parent body ∼7.5 Ma ago during a major impact event probably had been within a few kilometers of each other since they accreted ∼4.5 Ga ago. There are significant differences in the olivine compositional distributions among these rocks; these reflect stochastic nebular sampling of the oxidant (i.e., phyllosilicates with high Δ17O) on a 0.1-1 km scale during agglomeration.  相似文献   

15.
Chondritic clast PV1 from the Plainview H-chondrite regolith breccia is a subrounded, 5-mm-diameter unequilibrated chondritic fragment that contains 13 wt% C occurring mainly within irregularly shaped 30-400-μm-size opaque patches. The clast formed from H3 chondrite material as indicated by the mean apparent chondrule diameter (310 μm vs. ∼300 μm in H3 chondrites), the mean Mg-normalized refractory lithophile abundance ratio (1.00 ± 0.09×H), the previously determined O-isotopic composition (Δ17O = 0.66‰ vs. 0.68 ± 0.04‰ in H3 chondrites and 0.73 ± 0.09‰ in H4-6 chondrites), the heterogeneous olivine compositions in grain cores (with a minimum range of Fa1-19), and the presence of glass in some chondrules. Although the clast lacks the fine-grained, ferroan silicate matrix material present in type 3 ordinary chondrites, PV1 contains objects that appear to be recrystallized clumps of matrix material. Similarly, the apparent dearth of radial pyroxene and cryptocrystalline chondrules in PV1 is accounted for by the presence of some recrystallized fragments of these chondrule textural types. All of the chondrules in PV1 are interfused indicating that temperatures must have briefly reached ∼1100°C (the approximate solidus temperature of H-chondrite silicate). The most likely source of this heating was by an impact. Some metal was lost during impact heating as indicated by the moderately low abundance of metallic Fe-Ni in PV1 (∼14 wt%) compared to that in mean H chondrites (∼18 wt%). The carbon enrichment of the clast may have resulted from a second impact event, one involving a cometary projectile, possibly a Jupiter-family comet. As the clast cooled, it experienced hydrothermal alteration at low water/rock ratios as evidenced by the thick rims of ferroan olivine around low-FeO olivine cores. The C-rich chondritic clast was later incorporated into the H-chondrite parent-body regolith and extensively fractured and faulted.  相似文献   

16.
Chondrules and chondrites provide unique insights into early solar system origin and history, and iron plays a critical role in defining the properties of these objects. In order to understand the processes that formed chondrules and chondrites, and introduced isotopic fractionation of iron isotopes, we measured stable iron isotope ratios 56Fe/54Fe and 57Fe/54Fe in metal grains separated from 18 ordinary chondrites, of classes H, L and LL, ranging from petrographic types 3-6 using multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The δ56Fe values range from −0.06 ± 0.01 to +0.30 ± 0.04‰ and δ57Fe values are −0.09 ± 0.02 to +0.55 ± 0.05‰ (relative to IRMM-014 iron isotope standard). Where comparisons are possible, these data are in good agreement with published data. We found no systematic difference between falls and finds, suggesting that terrestrial weathering effects are not important in controlling the isotopic fractionations in our samples. We did find a trend in the 56Fe/54Fe and 57Fe/54Fe isotopic ratios along the series H, L and LL, with LL being isotopically heavier than H chondrites by ∼0.3‰ suggesting that redox processes are fractionating the isotopes. The 56Fe/54Fe and 57Fe/54Fe ratios also increase with increasing petrologic type, which again could reflect redox changes during metamorphism and also a temperature dependant fractionation as meteorites cooled. Metal separated from chondrites is isotopically heavier by ∼0.31‰ in δ56Fe than chondrules from the same class, while bulk and matrix samples plot between chondrules and metal. Thus, as with so many chondrite properties, the bulk values appear to reflect the proportion of chondrules (more precisely the proportion of certain types of chondrule) to metal, whereas chondrule properties are largely determined by the redox conditions during chondrule formation. The chondrite assemblages we now observe were, therefore, formed as a closed system.  相似文献   

17.
An Fe isotope study of ordinary chondrites   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
The Fe isotope composition of ordinary chondrites and their constituent chondrules, metal and sulphide grains have been systematically investigated. Bulk chondrites fall within a restricted isotopic range of <0.2‰ δ56Fe, and chondrules define a larger range of >1‰ (−0.84‰ to 0.21‰ relative to the IRMM-14 Fe standard). Fe isotope compositions do not vary systematically with the very large differences in total Fe concentration, or oxidation state, of the H, L, and LL chondrite classes. Similarly, the Fe isotope compositions of chondrules do not appear to be determined by the H, L or LL classification of their host chondrite. This may support an origin of the three ordinary chondrite groups from variable accretion of identical Fe-bearing precursors.A close relationship between isotopic composition and redistribution of Fe during metamorphism on ordinary chondrite parent bodies was identified; the largest variations in chondrule compositions were found in chondrites of the lowest petrologic types. The clear link between element redistribution and isotopic composition has implications for many other non-traditional isotope systems (e.g. Mg, Si, Ca, Cr). Isotopic compositions of chondrules may also be determined by their melting history; porphyritic chondrules exhibit a wide range in isotope compositions whereas barred olivine and radial pyroxene chondrules are generally isotopically heavier than the ordinary chondrite mean. Very large chondrules preserve the greatest heterogeneity of Fe isotopes.The mean Fe isotope composition of bulk ordinary chondrites was found to be −0.06‰ (±0.12‰ 2 SD); this is isotopically lighter than the terrestrial mean composition and all other published non-chondritic meteorite suites e.g. lunar and Martian samples, eucrites, pallasites, and irons. Ordinary chondrites, though the most common meteorites found on Earth today, were not the sole building blocks of the terrestrial planets.  相似文献   

18.
We have conducted petrographic, chemical and in-situ oxygen isotopic studies of refractory forsterites from unequilibrated ordinary and carbonaceous chondrites as well as an unequilibrated R-chondrite. Refractory forsterites occur in all types of unequilibrated chondrites and all have very similar chemical composition with low FeO and high refractory lithophile element (RLE) contents. Refractory forsterites are typically enriched in 16O relative to ‘normal’ olivine independent of the bulk O-isotope ratios of the parent meteorites. Analyses of refractory forsterites spread along a Δ17O mixing line with Δ17O ranging from +2 to −10‰. Due to similarities in oxygen isotopes and chemical compositions, we conclude that refractory forsterites of various types of chondrites come from a single common reservoir. Implications of this hypothesis for the chemical and O-isotope evolution of silicates in the early solar nebular are discussed.  相似文献   

19.
It has been recently suggested that (1) CH chondrites and the CBb/CH-like chondrite Isheyevo contain two populations of chondrules formed by different processes: (i) magnesian non-porphyritic (cryptocrystalline and barred) chondrules, which are similar to those in the CB chondrites and formed in an impact-generated plume of melt and gas resulted from large-scale asteroidal collision, and (ii) porphyritic chondrules formed by melting of solid precursors in the solar nebula. (2) Porphyritic chondrules in Isheyevo and CH chondrites are different from porphyritic chondrules in other carbonaceous chondrites ( [Krot et al., 2005], [Krot et al., 2008a] and [Krot et al., 2008b]). In order to test these hypotheses, we measured in situ oxygen isotopic compositions of porphyritic (magnesian, Type I and ferroan, Type II) and non-porphyritic (magnesian and ferroan cryptocrystalline) chondrules from Isheyevo and CBb chondrites MAC 02675 and QUE 94627, paired with QUE 94611, using a Cameca ims-1280 ion microprobe.On a three-isotope oxygen diagram (δ17O vs. δ18O), compositions of chondrules measured follow approximately slope-1 line. Data for 19 magnesian cryptocrystalline chondrules from Isheyevo, 24 magnesian cryptocrystalline chondrules and 6 magnesian cryptocrystalline silicate inclusions inside chemically-zoned Fe,Ni-metal condensates from CBb chondrites have nearly identical compositions: Δ17O = −2.2 ± 0.9‰, −2.3 ± 0.6‰ and −2.2 ± 1.0‰ (2σ), respectively. These observations and isotopically light magnesium compositions of cryptocrystalline magnesian chondrules in CBb chondrites (Gounelle et al., 2007) are consistent with their single-stage origin, possibly as gas-melt condensates in an impact-generated plume. In contrast, Δ17O values for 11 Type I and 9 Type II chondrules from Isheyevo range from −5‰ to +4‰ and from −17‰ to +3‰, respectively. In contrast to typical chondrules from carbonaceous chondrites, seven out of 11 Type I chondrules from Isheyevo plot above the terrestrial fractionation line. We conclude that (i) porphyritic chondrules in Isheyevo belong to a unique population of objects, suggesting formation either in a different nebular region or at a different time than chondrules from other carbonaceous chondrites; (ii) Isheyevo, CB and CH chondrites are genetically related meteorites: they contain non-porphyritic chondrules produced during the same highly-energetic event, probably large-scale asteroidal collision; (iii) the differences in mineralogy, petrography, chemical and whole-rock oxygen isotopic compositions between CH and CB chondrites are due to various proportions of the nebular and the impact-produced materials.  相似文献   

20.
Chondrules in E3 chondrites differ from those in other chondrite groups. Many contain near-pure endmember enstatite (Fs<1). Some contain Si-bearing FeNi metal, Cr-bearing troilite, and, in some cases Mg, Mn- and Ca-sulfides. Olivine and more FeO-rich pyroxene grains are present but much less common than in ordinary or carbonaceous chondrite chondrules. In some cases, the FeO-rich grains contain dusty inclusions of metal. The oxygen three-isotope ratios (δ18O, δ17O) of olivine and pyroxene in chondrules from E3 chondrites, which are measured using a multi-collection SIMS, show a wide range of values. Most enstatite data plots on the terrestrial fractionation (TF) line near whole rock values and some plot near the ordinary chondrite region on the 3-isotope diagram. Pyroxene with higher FeO contents (∼2-10 wt.% FeO) generally plots on the TF line similar to enstatite, suggesting it formed locally in the EC (enstatite chondrite) region and that oxidation/reduction conditions varied within the E3 chondrite chondrule-forming region. Olivine shows a wide range of correlated δ18O and δ17O values and data from two olivine-bearing chondrules form a slope ∼1 mixing line, which is approximately parallel to but distinct from the CCAM (carbonaceous chondrite anhydrous mixing) line. We refer to this as the ECM (enstatite chondrite mixing) line but it also may coincide with a line defined by chondrules from Acfer 094 referred to as the PCM (Primitive Chondrite Mineral) line (Ushikubo et al., 2011). The range of O isotope compositions and mixing behavior in E3 chondrules is similar to that in O and C chondrite groups, indicating similar chondrule-forming processes, solid-gas mixing and possibly similar 16O-rich precursors solids. However, E3 chondrules formed in a distinct oxygen reservoir.Internal oxygen isotope heterogeneity was found among minerals from some of the chondrules in E3 chondrites suggesting incomplete melting of the chondrules, survival of minerals from previous generations of chondrules, and chondrule recycling. Olivine, possibly a relict grain, in one chondrule has an R chondrite-like oxygen isotope composition and may indicate limited mixing of materials from other reservoirs. Calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) in E3 chondrites have petrologic characteristics and oxygen isotope ratios similar to those in other chondrite groups. However, chondrules from E3 chondrites differ markedly from those in other chondrite groups. From this we conclude that chondrule formation was a local event but CAIs may have all formed in one distinct place and time and were later redistributed to the various chondrule-forming and parent body accretion regions. This also implies that transport mechanisms were less active at the time of and following chondrule formation.  相似文献   

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