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1.
报道骑田岭岩体长石~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年的结果。~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar方法定年在骑田岭岩体还是首次应用。测定的3个正长石样品~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar坪年龄(Ma)分别为(139.57±2.79)(2KL-17),(140.55±2.81)(99LQ-2),(144.91±2.90)(2KL-31),上述年龄反映了骑田岭岩体主体芙蓉和菜岭超单元岩浆冷却到正长石Ar-Ar封闭的年龄。可以认为这是岩体形成的最小年龄。其中2KL-31样品采自前人划为菜岭超单元的印支期花岗岩。菜岭超单元和芙蓉超单元年龄相近,与两单元地球化学特征与岩石结构的相似性以及正长石斑晶在几乎全岩体中呈NW-SE定向排列的地质事实相吻合。表明芙蓉与菜岭两个超单元岩体是晚侏罗世同源岩浆分异的产物。对骑田岭岩体和千里山岩体进行了对比讨论。 相似文献
2.
骑田岭花岗岩~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar同位素年龄及其地质意义 总被引：23，自引：1，他引：23
报道骑田岭岩体长石~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar定年的结果.~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar方法定年在骑田岭岩体还是首次应用.测定的3个正长石样品~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar坪年龄(Ma)分别为(139.57±2.79)(2KL 17),(140.55±2.81)(99LQ-2),(144.91土2.90)(2KL-31),上述年龄反映了骑田岭岩体主体芙蓉和菜岭超单元岩浆冷却到正长石Ar-Ar封闭的年龄.可以认为这是岩体形成的最小年龄.其中2KL-31样品采自前人划为菜岭超单元的印支期花岗岩.菜岭超单元和芙蓉超单元年龄相近,与两单元地球化学特征与岩石结构的相似性以及正长石斑晶在几乎全岩体中呈NW-SE定向排列的地质事实相吻合.表明芙蓉与菜岭两个超单元岩体是晚侏罗世同源岩浆分异的产物.对骑田岭岩体和千里山岩体进行了对比讨论. 相似文献
3.
千里山花岗岩成岩成矿的~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar和Sm-Nd同位素年龄 总被引：24，自引：3，他引：24
首次用~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar法测定了千里山多期侵入的花岗岩年龄及用Sm-Nd等时线法测定了柿竹园超大型W,Bi多金属矿床矽卡岩矿物年龄,结果表明,千里山花岗岩为侏罗纪岩体.第1期岩体(γ_5~(2a))年龄为(183.17±13.75)Ma,第2期主体花岗岩(γ_5~(2b))年龄为(162.55±3.25)Ma及(158.07±3.16)Ma(伟晶岩),第3期补充相富挥发份的矿化岩体未予测定,第4期花岗斑岩脉(γπ_5~(2d))为(144.41±2.83)Ma,第5期辉绿玢岩脉(βπ_5~(2e))为(142.34±2.85)Ma.与王岩体密切相关的矽卡岩矿物Sm-Nd等时线年龄为(160.8±2.4)Ma,进一步证明柿竹园超大型 W,Bi矿床是在主岩浆期形成. 相似文献
4.
马鞍桥金矿床中香沟岩体锆石U-Pb定年、地球化学及其与成矿关系研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对出露马鞍桥金矿床中香沟二长花岗斑岩进行了单颗粒锆石U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学研究.结果表明,锆石的LA-ICPMS U-Pb年龄值为(242.0±0.8)Ma,与前人确定的秦岭造山带的主造山时间((242±21)Ma)一致,显示香沟岩体可能和印支期华北与扬子板块的碰撞事件有关.香沟岩体以高硅富碱为特征,属于高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩类.香沟岩体高Al(Al2O3=14.49~15.61)和Sr(457.10~630.82μg/g)、亏损Y(<16μg/g)和HREE(Yb<0.45μg/g),并具有较高的Sr/Y(76.24~97.34)和(La/Yb)N(29.65~46.10)比值及强分异的稀土元素组成模式,其地球化学特征显示香沟岩体花岗岩类属于C型埃达克质(adakitic)岩石.岩石初始Sr同位素比值ISr=0.70642~0.70668,εNd(t)=-4.5~-4.0,TDM=1152~1220Ma.香沟岩体具有较低的εNd(t),ISr值和较高的TDM值,同时其Na2O/K2O接近1(Na2O/K2O=0.95~1.10),显示香沟花岗岩不是俯冲洋壳部分熔融形成的Ⅰ型埃达岩或底侵玄武质下地壳熔融所产... 相似文献
5.
都兰花岗岩锆石SHRIMP定年及柴北缘超高压带花岗岩年代学格架 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
吴才来 郜源红 李兆丽 雷敏 秦海鹏 李名则 刘春花 Ronald B FROST Paul T ROBINSON Joseph L WOODEN 《中国科学:地球科学》2014,(10):2142-2159
柴北缘超高压带东端都兰地区花岗岩锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果表明,野马滩东岩体的年龄为（406.6±3.5）Ma,巴立给哈滩西岩体的年龄分别为（407.3±4.3）和（397±6）Ma,水文站北岩体的年龄分别为（404.5±4.0）和（397.0±3.7）Ma,水文站南岩体的年龄为（380.5±5.0）Ma,察察公麻岩体的年龄分别为（382.5±3.6）和（372.5±2.8）Ma.从年龄上看,这些花岗岩明显地分为两期：早期的为407-397 Ma,晚期的为383-373 Ma.它们主要为准铝质-弱过铝质的石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩.岩石地球化学研究表明,大多数样品为钙碱性系列,少数样品为钙性或碱钙性系列,其中,早期花岗岩的87Sr/86Sr比值（0.7082-0.7110）和模式年龄（T2DM=1.41-1.90 Ga）高于晚期花岗岩（0.7072-0.7091,T2DM=1.07-1.38 Ga）,但晚期花岗岩的εNd（t）值（0.6- -3.0）高于早期花岗岩（-3.2- -9.3）,表明早期花岗岩可能起源于早中元古代的大陆壳;而晚期花岗岩起源于晚中元古代玄武质地壳.结合区域地质构造特征,可以认为,早期花岗岩的形成与俯冲板块的断离并折返有关,而晚期花岗岩的形成与造山带岩石圈地幔拆沉作用有关. 相似文献
6.
澜沧江南段早中生代酸性火成岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年及构造意义 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
应用SHRIMP方法对澜沧江南段临沧花岗岩体和云县忙怀组流纹岩代表性样品进行了精确的SHRIMP锆石 U-Pb定年研究. 临沧岩体北段黑云母二长花岗岩(02DX-137)锆石年龄为229.4±3.0 Ma, 南段景洪地区黑云母二长花岗岩(20JH-10)锆石年龄为 230.4±3.6 Ma, 两者在误差范围具有一致的年龄, 可能代表了临沧花岗岩体主体的形成年龄. 云县棉花地忙怀组上段的流纹岩样品(02DX-95)给出了231.0±5.0 Ma的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄. 这些资料为理解滇西古特提斯构造演化提供了重要信息. 临沧岩体南段黑云母花岗岩中存在1977±44 Ma锆石年龄, 表明区内可能存在着早元古代结晶基底. 相似文献
7.
马鞍桥金矿床中香沟岩体锆石U-Pb定年、地球化学及其与成矿关系研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
摘要对出露马鞍桥金矿床中香沟二长花岗斑岩进行了单颗粒锆石U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学研究．结果表明,锆石的LA-ICPMS U-Pb年龄值为（242．0±0．8）Ma,与前人确定的秦岭造山带的主造山时间（（242±21）Ma）致,显示香沟岩体可能和印支期华北与扬子板块的碰撞事件有关．香沟岩体以高硅富碱为特征,属于高钾钙碱性系列花岗岩类．香沟岩体高A1（Al2O3=14．49％～15．61％）和Sr（457．10～630．82gg／g）、亏损Y（〈16μg／g）和HREE（Yb〈0．45μg／g）,并具有较高的Sr／Y（76．24～97．34）和（La／Yb）N（29．65～46．10）比值及强分异的稀土元素组成模式,其地球化学特征显示香沟岩体花岗岩类属于C型埃达克质（adakitic）岩石．岩石初始Sr同位素比值Isr=0．70642-0．70668,CNd（t）=-4．5～-4．0,TDM=1152～1220Ma．香沟岩体具有较低的εNd（t）,Isr值和较高的TDM值,同时其Na2O／K2O接近1（Na2O／K2O=0．95～1．10）,显示香沟花岗岩不是俯冲洋壳部分熔融形成的Ⅰ型埃达岩或底侵玄武质下地壳熔融所产生的埃达克质岩,而为增厚下地壳非底侵成因的玄武质下地壳部分熔融的产物．香沟岩体锆石Hf同位素组成均一,εHr（t）=-9．7～-5．9,均小于0,指示其成岩物质主要来自古老地壳物质的熔融,并非来自亏损地幔源区．香沟二长花岗斑岩富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土,亏损高场强元素、重稀土和Y,微量元素和稀土元素分布与同碰撞花岗岩相似．香沟岩体的岩石产出地质特征及地球化学共同揭示,它是在陆．陆挤压碰撞和壳内构造剪切作用的地球动力学条件下,由大陆碰撞作用所诱发的加厚下地壳玄武质岩石发生部分熔融的产物．由于香沟花岗岩浆侵入于242Ma的挤压造山环境,而金矿化集中发生于170Ma左右的挤压-伸展环境,金矿化比岩浆侵入事件滞后约70Ma,同? 相似文献
8.
《中国科学:地球科学》2016,(12)
独石岭钨(铜)多金属矿床位于苗儿山-越城岭岩体北东部,为一个大型蚀变岩型+矽卡岩型钨(铜)多金属矿床.矿区坑道内见有两种类型的花岗岩:中粒似斑状黑云母花岗岩和中细粒黑云母花岗岩,两类花岗岩在时空上与矿体关系密切,应属于独石岭钨(铜)矿成矿母岩.矿区顶部地表见有中细粒似斑状黑云母花岗岩.本文对矿区坑道内花岗岩及顶部露头花岗岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年,结果表明,矿区坑道内中粒似斑状黑云母花岗岩的成岩年龄约为423Ma,中细粒黑云母花岗岩的成岩年龄约为421Ma,而矿区顶部露头花岗岩的成岩年代约为217Ma,表明矿区存在加里东期、印支期两期岩浆活动.对矿区坑道内两类花岗岩岩石地球化学特征研究表明,在主量元素方面:两类花岗岩均属于钙碱性、过铝质花岗岩;微量元素蛛网图表明,两类花岗岩相对富集Cs、Rb、U、REE,而亏损Sr、Ba、P、Ti;稀土元素配分曲线表明,两类花岗岩具有向右倾斜、富集轻稀土,且还具有从中粒似斑状黑云母花岗岩到中细粒黑云母花岗岩,ΣREE总体呈降低、其中轻稀土含量降低,重稀土含量略有升高,Eu亏损越来越强烈的趋势.由此表明二者属于同源、不同阶段岩浆演化的产物,与成矿关系密切,属于独石岭钨(铜)矿的成矿母岩.利用钨矿石中的白钨矿,首次对独石岭钨(铜)矿进行了Sm-Nd同位素定年分析,获得成矿年龄为(417±35)Ma,同时还利用蚀变花岗岩型和矽卡岩型矿石中的榍石进行U-Pb定年,其结果为蚀变花岗岩型矿石中的榍石年龄为425~423Ma,而矽卡岩型中榍石年龄约为218Ma.由此表明,独石岭矿区白钨矿主要形成于加里东晚期,但印支期岩浆热液也对其有一定的影响.大型独石岭钨(铜)矿成矿母岩与矿化年龄的确定,证明南岭西段越城岭地区的北端,在加里东期也曾经发生过较强烈的成矿作用,结合南端的牛塘界钨矿,这为进一步在南岭西部寻找加里东期和印支期矿集区,提供了科学依据和典型范例. 相似文献
9.
南秦岭勉略构造带三岔子古岩浆弧的地球化学特征及形成时代 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
南秦岭勉略构造带三岔子镁铁-超镁铁杂岩可划分为两个岩块: 三岔子古岩浆弧和庄科古洋壳残片(蛇绿岩). 三岔子古岩浆弧主要由岛弧型安山质熔岩、玄武及玄武安山质辉(闪)长岩、安山质岩墙、斜长花岗岩及部分超镁铁岩组成, 它们具有典型的岛弧火山岩地球化学特征, 如高场强元素(Nb, Ti)亏损和低Cr, Ni含量. 该类岩石的轻稀土富集和富钾的特征及斜长花岗岩中含有9亿年锆石捕掳晶特征表明它们可能发育在南秦岭微陆块南缘的活动陆缘环境. 斜长花岗岩的岩浆锆石U-Pb年龄为(300±61) Ma, 它表明勉略古洋盆在石炭纪已开始向南秦岭微陆块下消减. 这一年龄和大别山浒湾构造带洋壳俯冲成因榴辉岩的形成时代(309 Ma)一致, 它说明勉略洋在石炭纪可东延至大别山. 三岔子古岩浆弧中类似高镁埃达克岩的存在表明这一俯冲洋壳是年轻(< 25 Ma)而且较热的大洋岩石圈. 相似文献
10.
塔里木西部奥依塔克斜长花岗岩: 年龄、地球化学特征、成岩作用及其构造意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
报道了对塔里木西部奥依塔克斜长花岗岩的研究结果. 该岩体出露面积约60 km2, 侵入于中元古代片岩、千枚岩和下石炭统火山岩中. 其主要的岩石组合为英云闪长岩和斜长花岗岩, 含少量的闪长岩和石英闪长岩. 岩石中的长石以更(奥)—中长石为主, 部分含极少量的条纹长石. 通过SHRIMP U-Pb测年, 获得锆石U-Pb年龄为(330.7±4.8) Ma. 岩石地球化学特征表明, 岩体富Na低K(Na/K = 4~87, 摩尔数比), 属于Na质系列侵入岩. 岩石的稀土总量(ΣREE = 50~220 mg/g)与SiO2呈显著的正相关关系, 轻重稀土基本没有分异[(La/Yb)N = 0.5~1.5], 有中等的Eu负异常(δEu = 0.3~0.6). 微量元素特征表现出高的Y含量及低的Sr/Y比值(~1.0). Nd同位素组成表明岩石有相对“年轻的”T2DM(470~580 Ma)和正的Nd初始值[εNd(331 Ma) = 6.23~7.65]. 上述特征与产于洋岛或洋脊的斜长花岗岩非常相似. 然而区域地质特征(尤其是它的规模)并不支持它直接来自地幔的玄武岩浆结晶分异形成. 推测其原始岩浆是来自“年轻的”玄武质地壳经过50%左右的部分熔融形成的闪长质~英云闪长质岩浆. 原始岩浆经过强烈的结晶分异作用并侵入到中上地壳形成该岩体. 结合前人对区域地质研究的结果, 表明该岩体为石炭纪天山造山带大陆裂谷作用在塔里木板块内部的效应. 相似文献
11.
对采自藏北无人区西藏金沙江缝合带的基性、超基性岩样品进行了岩石学、岩石化学、稀土和微量元素、同位素等分析测试 ,以及主要矿物成分的电子探针分析。研究结果表明 ,这些样品为辉长岩和辉石岩 ,属于钙碱性至碱性系列 ,其矿物组成没有斜方辉石 ,未见变形显微构造特征。其化学成分以高Al2 O3,FeO ,Na2 O +K2 O和低SiO2 ,MgO含量为特征。稀土元素配分型式以斜率较大的微弱负铕异常的右倾曲线为特征 ,LREE富集。它们具有较高的Sr丰度和87Sr/ 86 Sr比值 (>0 70 6 9)以及高的2 0 7Pb/ 2 0 4 Pb ,2 0 8Pb/ 2 0 4 Pb和2 0 6 Pb/ 2 0 4 Pb比值。上述特征有别于藏北蛇绿岩的基性、超基性岩 ,表明它们不是蛇绿岩套组合 ,其形成可能与金沙江缝合带的弧后扩张有关 相似文献
12.
EXPERIMENT STUDY ON ACOUSTIC EMISSION,MICROSEISM AND CHARGE INDUCTION DURING FRACTURE PROCESS OF GRANITE WITH FAULT ZONE UNDER UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION 
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下载免费PDF全文 As the rock samples will produce abnormal signals of acoustic emission, microseismic and charge signals under external loading, the waveform comprehensive monitoring devices are used to synchronously monitor acoustic emission, microseismic and charge signals during the deformation and failure process of granite with fault zone under uniaxial compression. The results show that, the granite with fault zone has obvious synchronous precursory signals of acoustic emission, microseism and charge induction in the elastic deformation stage, and has high amplitude synchronous precursory signals in the instability destruction stage. The influence of fault zone on granite samples strength is remarkable, and the uniaxial compressive strength of samples with the fault zone is greatly reduced. With the angle of the fault zone decreasing, the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimens is reduced, the samples are more liable to instability and the energy of instability destruction is greater. With the fault zone angle of granite samples decreasing, the acoustic emission, microseismic and charge induction signals increase in the deformation and failure process of samples. The samples stress decreases when the acoustic emission, microseismic and charge induction precursory signals appear synchronously. The duration of acoustic emission, microseismic and charge induction precursory signals is increasing in the instability destruction stage. When the angle of the fault zone reaches 30°, the mutability of acoustic emission, microseismic and charge induction signal increases, the time to enter the dangerous stage is much earlier, and the acoustic emission events of large magnitude increase significantly, and the large angle faults of coal mine are more dangerous. The intensive and high amplitude synchronous precursory signals of acoustic emission, microseism and charge induction are produced before the instability destruction, and the signals duration is shorter. The intensive and strongest synchronous precursory signals of acoustic emission, microseism and charge induction are produced in the instability destruction, and the signals duration is longer. Acoustic emission monitoring data can better reflect the micro rupture of rock. And combined with the acoustic emission, microseismic and charge induction precursory signals, the precursory information of rock instability destruction can be obtained more accurately. 相似文献
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Early Ordovician strongly peraluminous granite in the middle section of the Yarlung Zangbo junction zone and its geological significance 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb isotopic dating and rock geochemical analysis were done of the Xarru granite in the middle section of the Yarlung Zangbo junction zone.Zircon 206Pb/238U weighted mean ages of 474.9±2.3 and 478.3±1.7 Ma have been obtained for two gneiss granite samples respectively,which represent the formation age of the granite.This is the first discovery of the Early Ordovician magmatism in the Yarlung Zangbo junction zone.The rocks are high-K calcic-alkalic granite,contain tourmaline but not hornblende,with aluminum saturation index(ASI) of A/CNK1.1(1.10–1.20),and are enriched in Rb,Th and U and relatively depleted in Ba,Nb,Sr,Zr,Ti and Eu.They are strongly peraluminous S-type granite,resulting from partial melting of argillaceous components in the crust in a syn-collisional setting.According to previous studies as well as the analysis in this paper,the formation of the Xarru granite is probably related to the Andean-type orogeny in the process of subduction of the Proto-Tethys Ocean towards the Gondwanaland,and it is a product of partial melting of the thickened upper crust as a result of collision between blocks or micro-blocks in the northern margin of the Gondwana supercontinent in the process of oceanic subduction.The Xarru granite is identified as the Early Ordovician granite,indicating that the wall rocks had probably formed in the Cambrian or Precambrian.A crustal basement may exist in the Xarru region. 相似文献
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Igneous rocks are fractured during cooling from magma to form cooling joints, which are typically columnar joints in volcanic rocks, while orthogonal joints are considered typical for plutonic rocks. We performed a 3D study of joint systems in a granitic batholith of the Okueyama granite in western Japan, which has its roof and its internal structures from the roof to 1000 m downward exposed. We used an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to observe the joints in outcrops from various angles. Based on our study, we propose a schematic model for joint systems in a granitic pluton. A granitic pluton has zones of rock columns below the roof and next to the wall. The rock column zone below the roof is as thick as 300 m, and its higher portions form steep cliffs, probably because of increased resistance to weathering. The axes of the rock columns are nearly vertical below the roof and gently plunge next to the walls, with high intersection angles with the wall. The distribution of columnar joints near only the roof and walls suggests that the granite cooled more rapidly near the roof and walls than in the core of the pluton. When the granite was jointed by parallel joints during cooling, the rock slabs between the parallel joints near the roof and the walls are subdivided into columns with polygonal cross-sections. This suggests that the granite was fractured by parallel joints at a temperature immediately below the solidus, after which the rock slabs were subdivided into rock columns during further cooling. 相似文献
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The isotopic composition of Pd, Ag, Cd and Te has been measured by solid source mass spectrometry for four samples from reactor zones 2, 3–4, 5–6 and 7, and from four host rock samples external to the reactor zones from the Oklo mine site. The concentrations of these elements have also been determined in the eight samples using the stable isotope dilution technique. Cumulative fission yields have been derived from the reactor zone samples after correcting where necessary for the terrestrial component of the element concerned.It has been shown that fission-produced Pd and Te are retained almost in their entirety in the uraninite reactor zone samples, whereas a significant fraction of fission-produced Ag and Cd have migrated from the reactor zones. Fission product Cd is observed in the host rock samples, whereas no strong evidence of fission-produced Ag could be found. Thus the fission-produced Ag which has migrated from the reactor zones has not been retained in the four host rock samples analysed, although the presence of fission product Ag may be masked by the presence of natural Ag. It is possible that the fission product Ag has been retained in the Oklo mine-site, and further host rock samples will be studied to evaluate this possibility. The implications of these results to the storage of radioactive wastes in natural geological repositories is discussed. 相似文献
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Abstract Around 9000 inhabitants in the Panda River basin, Sonbhadhra District, Uttar Pradesh, India, are vulnerable to a “silent” dental and skeletal fluorosis from groundwater consumption. The fluoride source and seasonal groundwater quality variation were studied by collecting 65 groundwater samples in the Upper Panda River basin. Major rock types are phyllites and granite gneissic rocks. Fluoride concentrations are in the range 0.4–5.6 mg/L in the pre-monsoon season and 0.1–6.7 mg/L in the post-monsoon season. Fluor-apatite and biotite mica in the granite gneissic rock were identified as the main provenance of fluoride in the groundwater through water–rock interactions. Due to precipitation of calcium, soils become alkaline with high contents of sodium; these conditions allow fluoride to accumulate in water. According to risk index calculations, the fluoride-affected villages were shown to fall in the fluoride risk zone (with a risk index of around 1.7). On the basis of mineral stability diagrams, groundwater from the weathered and fractured aquifers appears to be stable within the kaolinite field, suggesting weathering of silicate minerals. The groundwater is chemically potable and suitable for domestic and agricultural purposes, except for a few wells in the southern region that are contaminated with high amounts of fluoride. Editor D. Koutsoyiannis Citation Raju, N.J., Dey, S., Gossel, W., and Wycisk, P., 2012. Fluoride hazard and assessment of groundwater quality in the semi-arid Upper Panda River basin, Sonbhadra District, Uttar Pradesh, India. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (7), 1433–1452. 相似文献
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The way in which rocks and engineering materials heat‐up and dry‐out in the intertidal zone is of relevance to both weathering and ecology. These behaviours can be measured in the laboratory under controlled conditions designed to replicate those occurring in the field. Previous studies have demonstrated differences in thermal behaviours between rock types and through time as a result of soiling in terrestrial environments, but the influence of weathering and colonization on rock behaviours in the intertidal zone has not been previously assessed. We measured the warming and drying of blocks of rock (limestone and granite) and marine concrete during ‘low‐tide’ events simulated in the laboratory, before and after a period of exposure (eight months) on rock platforms in Cornwall, UK. As well as differences between the material types, temperatures of control (unexposed) and field‐exposed blocks differed in the order of 1 to 2 °C. Drying behaviours were also different after field exposure. Differences during the first few hours of exposure to air and heat were attributed to discolouration and albedo effects. Over longer periods of time, changes in the availability of near‐surface pore water as a result of micro‐scale bioerosion of limestone and the development of bio‐chemical crusts on marine concrete [observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)] are suggested as mechanisms enhancing and reducing, respectively, the efficiency of evaporative cooling. The retention of moisture by epilithic biofilms may also influence thermal and drying behaviours of granite. These observations represent one of the first examples of cross‐scalar biogeomorphic linkages in the intertidal zone. The significance of the results for the subsequent efficiency of weathering, and near‐surface micro‐climatic conditions experienced by colonizing organisms is discussed. The involvement of microorganisms in the creation of more (or less) ecologically stressful conditions through the alteration of substratum geomorphic properties and behaviours is suggested as an example of ‘biogeomorphic ecosystem engineering’. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Thomas Rockwell Matthew Sisk Gary Girty Ory Dor Neta Wechsler Yehuda Ben-Zion 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2009,166(10-11):1725-1746
We present new detailed analyses of samples of pulverized Tejon Lookout granite collected from sections adjacent to the San Andreas and Garlock faults in southern California. The Tejon Lookout granite is pulverized in all exposures within about 100 m from both faults. Chemical analyses indicate no or little weathering in the collected samples, although XRD analysis shows the presence of smectite, illite, and minor kaolinite in the clay-size fraction. Weathering products may dominate in the less than 1 micron fraction. The average grain size in all samples of pulverized Tejon Lookout granite ranges between 26 and 208 microns (silt to fine sand), with the particle size distribution in part a function of proximity to the primary slip zone. The San Andreas fault samples that we studied are generally finer grained than those collected from adjacent to the Garlock fault. The particle size distribution for each studied sample from both faults follows a pseudo-power law with a continuously changing exponent, which suggests that pulverization is not simply a consequence of direct shear. The average particle size that we determined for our samples is considerably coarser than reported in previous investigations, which we attribute to possible measurement errors in the prior work. Our data and observations suggest that dynamic fracturing in the wall rock of the San Andreas and Garlock faults only accounts for about 1% or less of the earthquake energy budget. 相似文献
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利用我国第一台1GPa高压三轴容器进行了岩石破坏实验.所用的样品为济南辉长岩、昌平花岗岩、房山大理岩和周口店石灰岩.得到的主要结果是:(1)在相应于地壳的压力范围内辉长岩和花岗岩仍然发生脆性破坏, 其强度和韧度随围压增加而增加, 破坏角也随围压增加而增大, 破坏前发生体积膨胀现象并出现声发射活动增加的前兆;(2)大理岩和石灰岩样品在0.1——0.8GPa的围压范围内发生鼓状变形, 不形成明显的主断层面, 样品承载能力随变形增加而增加, 出现应变硬化现象.在变形过程中声发射活动水平极低。这些实验标志着我国岩石力学三轴实验的围压水平有所提高其结果对震源物理的研究具有参考价值. 相似文献