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1.
在天文学会年会上笔者个人对原文中重要论点有不同的看法,现写在下面:原文从两个主要假设:(1)星协成员星自中心径向抛出,(2)各星的自转轴都垂直它的径向运动,推导出原文的主要结果(3)式.然后应用(3)式对两个星协的观测结果作了一些讨论.先看两个假设的可靠性.可分两种情况来讨论:一、自转和直线运动同时获得.在图1中,设 O 代表星协中心,C 代表外围一团物质P 的中心.(按照原文意见,这团物质径向抛出,形成恒星.)若从 O 向外扩张力的方向通 相似文献
2.
《中国天文和天体物理学报》1981,(3)
北京天文学会学术年会于1981年1月20日至1月23日在京召开.参加会议的有十九个单位的96名代表.开幕式由副理事长冯克嘉同志主持,叶述武理事长作了会务报告.然后由北京天文台台长王绶琯作学术报告:“射电天文学的几个问题”.中国科学技术大学方励之教授作学术报告:“宇宙极早期中的粒子生成”.北京天文台李竞、胡景耀、陈建生作关于“银河系结构现代观”的学术报告. 相似文献
3.
极红天体(EROs)是指利用光学和近红外两个波段的色指数(如I-K4 mag)挑选出来的一类星系。研究表明极红天体可分为两类:一类是被大量尘埃红化的高红移恒星形成星系,主要是较年轻的旋涡或不规则星系,有恒星正在形成,称为DGs;另一类是由年老星族(≥1 Ga)主导的高红移椭圆星系,基本上没有或仅有弱的恒星形成,简称为OGs。极红天体中这两种不同类型的星系,很可能是近邻大质量星系的前身星系,只是分别代表着不同的形成历史。介绍了不同类型极红天体的各种物理性质的研究进展,如形态和结构、光谱特征、成团性、红移分布和星系计数等,以及阐述了该领域未来的研究方向。 相似文献
4.
薄树人 《中国天文和天体物理学报》1982,(3)
1982年3月8—12日,中国天文学会天文学史专业组在陕西临潼召开学术讨论会,出席代表约30余人.讨论的主题是中国古代天象记录的研究和利用.会议收到有关报告20篇,另有其它方面的天文学史报告10篇. 首先有席泽宗、宣焕灿分别就主题作了综合性报告:“东方古代天文记录在现代天文 相似文献
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《时间频率公报》2002,(4)
UTC(NTSC)一51,al时刻(tn℃)2002年4月如习D班飞巧加0 100 k比08:00:00 (娜) B日边c2 .5,5,10,15 如n七 00:00:oo (ms)B日功1 100 kH名00:00:00 (那)2 .5,5,10,15号叔呼载入n七oo:00:00 (ms)10 08 10 1010一“甘nUn甘n甘n甘5236552366523675236852369一20 .01一20.01一20.01一20 .01一20.01190.05190.的191.48191.91192.24,‘2内J4心」一20.01一20 .01一20.01一20 .01一20 .01192.21192.82193.50194.23195.0406 08 09 1013一“︸on︸n︸n︸5237552376523775237852379一20 .01一20.01一20 .01一20.01一20 .01195.90196.77197.91198.931… 相似文献
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《时间频率公报》2001,(7)
UTC( CSAO)一Si,al时刻(U可C)2001年7月如幻DBPL币议沁UO刃卯0 100 100 U七址七08:阅:0000:0 0:00 (娜)(脚) 刊愚扭。2.5,5,10,15 如n七 加:00:加 (ms) 理M五2.5,5,10,15 加任卜 00:00:00 (ms)号叔呼载61 47 n 569026 26 26 252452()915209252()935209452095一0 .01一0 .01 0 .05 0 .00 0 .05一20 .01一20 .01一20 .01一20 .01一20 .01,二2傀曰4目急23 31 88 5228熟26 25 25.25一20 .01一20 .01一20 .01一20 .01一20 .0108 99 02 133726 24 25 272724 43 41 3732on︸nU on甘5210152102521035210452105一20 .01一20 .01一20 .01一20 … 相似文献
9.
基于Weinberg-Salam理论,考虑Coulomb效应对连续态电子气体的影响,对恒星演化晚期核素12C、16O、20Ne、24Mg、28Si和56Fe在完全电离环境下的K壳层连续态自由电子俘获过程的中微子能量损失进行了讨论.根据Beaudet、Petrosian和Salpeter (BPS)的方法所得结果与我们的结果进行了比较.结果表明:相对较高温度环境(如T9=0.1和T9=1.T9是以109 K为单位的温度),两种结果符合很好;而低温环境(如T9=0.01和T9=0.001)核素16O、20Ne、24Mg和28Si的中微子能量损失,BPS的结果比我们的结果高10～70倍,对核素12C甚至高出2个数量级.我们的研究可能对恒星演化晚期尤其是白矮星核坍塌到相对低温和中等密度阶段冷却机制的研究具有重要意义. 相似文献
10.
在国家自然科学基金委员会、教育部、中国科学院上海天文台和德国马普天体物理研究所等大力支持和帮助下,首届中国天体物理研究生暑期讲习班星系物理部分“河外星系天文学”于2004年4月5日在中国科学院上海天文台举行,历时11天。此次讲习班的正式代表共108人,分别是来自中国大陆、台湾、香港的研究生和青年天文工作者。举办方上海天文台邀请到了星系天文学领域的部分国际知名专家前来讲课。他们是:德国马普天体物理研究所所长S.White教授和G.Kauffmann博士、英国剑桥大学天文研究所的M.Pettini教授、法国国家科研中心巴黎天体物理研究所的S.Charlot博士和美国麻省大学的莫厚俊教授。 相似文献
11.
L. S. Marochnik 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1983,89(1):61-75
The solar system's position in the Galaxy is an exclusive one, since the Sun is close to the corotation circle, which is the place where the angular velocity of the galactic differential rotation is equal to that of density waves displaying as spiral arms. Each galaxy contains only one corotation circle; therefore, it is an exceptional place. In the Galaxy, the deviation of the Sun from the corotation is very small — it is equal to ΔR/R ⊙≈0.03, where ΔR=R c ?R ⊙,R c is the corotation distance from the galactic center andR ⊙ is the Sun's distance from the galactic center. The special conditions of the Sun's position in the Galaxy explain the origin of the fundamental cosmogony timescalesT 1≈4.6×109 yr,T 2?108 yr,T 3?106 yr detected by the radioactive decay of various nuclides. The timescaleT 1 (the solar system's ‘lifetime’) is the protosolar cloud lifetime in a space between the galactic spiral arms. The timescaleT 2 is the presolar cloud lifetime in a spiral arm.T 3 is a timescale of hydrodynamical processes of a cloud-wave interaction. The possibility of the natural explanation of the cosmogony timescales by the unified process (on condition that the Sun is near the state of corotation) can become an argument in favour of the fact that the nearness to the corotation is necessary for the formation of systems similar to the Solar system. If the special position of the Sun is not incidental, then the corotation circles of our Galaxy, as well as those of other galaxies, are just regions where situations similar to ours are likely to be found. 相似文献
12.
Yoshio Kubo 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1982,26(1):97-112
Perturbations in the motion of the Moon are computed for the effect by the oblateness of the Earth and for the indirect effect of planets. Based on Delaunay's analytical solution of the main problem, the computations are performed by a method of Fourier series operation. The effect of the oblateness of the Earth is obtained to the second order, partly adopting an analytical evaluation. Both in longitude and latitude are found a few terms whose coefficient differs from the current lunar ephemeris based on Brown's theory by about 0.01. While, concerning the indirect effect of planets, several periodic terms in the current ephemeris seem to have errors reaching 0.05.As for the secular variations of
and due to the figure of the Earth and the indirect effect of planets, the newly-computed values agree within 1/cy with Brown's results reduced to the same values of the parameters. Further, the accelerations in the mean longitude,
and caused by the secular changes in the eccentricity of the Earth's orbite and in the obliquity of the ecliptic are obtained. The comparison with Brown shows an agreement within 0.3/cy2 for the former cause and 0.02/cy2 for the latter. An error is found in the argument of the principal term for the perturbations due to the ecliptic motion in the current ephemeris.Proceedings of the Conference on Analytical Methods and Ephemerides: Theory and Observations of the Moon and Planets. Facultés universitaires Notre Dame de la Paix, Namur, Belgium, 28–31 July, 1980. 相似文献
13.
E. L. Ruskol 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1973,6(1-2):190-201
It is suggested that the overall early melting of the lunar surface is not necessary for the explanation of facts and that
the structure of highlands is more complicated than a solidified anorthositic ‘plot’. The early heating of the interior of
the Moon up to 1000K is really needed for the subsequent thermal history with the maximum melting 3.5 × 109 yr ago, to give the observed ages for mare basalts. This may be considered as an indication that the Moon during the accumulation
retained a portion of its gravitational energy converted into heat, which may occur only at rapid processes. A rapid (t < 103 yr) accretion of the Moon from the circumterrestrial swarm of small particles would give necessary temperature, but it is
not compatible with the characteristic time 108 yr of the replenishment of this swarm which is the same as the time-scale of the accumulation of the Earth. It is shown that
there were conditions in the circumterrestial swarm for the formation at a first stage of a few large protomoons. Their number
and position is evaluated from the simple formal laws of the growth of satellites in the vicinity of a planet. Such ‘systems’
of protomoons are compared with the observed multiple systems, and the conclusion is reached that there could have been not
more than 2–3 large protomoons with the Earth. The tidal evolution of protomoon orbits was short not only for the present
value of the tidal phase-lag but also for a considerably smaller value.
The coalescence of protomoons into a single Moon had to occur before the formation of the observed relief on the Moon. If
we accept the age 3.9 × 109 yr for the excavation of the Imbrium basin and ascribe the latter to the impact of an Earth satellite, this collision had
to be roughly at 30R, whereR is the radius of the Earth, because the Moon at that time had to be somewhere at this distance. Therefore, the protomoons
had to be orbiting inside 20–25R, and their coalescence had to occur more than 4.0x109 yr ago. The energy release at coalescence is equivalent to several hundred degrees and even 1000 K. The process is very rapid
(of the order of one hour). Therefore, the model is valid for the initial conditions of the Moon. 相似文献
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15.
In this paper we first emphasize why it is important to know the successive zonal harmonics of the Sun's figure with high
accuracy: mainly fundamental astrometry, helioseismology, planetary motions and relativistic effects. Then we briefly comment
why the Sun appears oblate, going back to primitive definitions in order to underline some discrepancies in theories and to
emphasize again the relevant hypotheses. We propose a new theoretical approach entirely based on an expansion in terms of
Legendre's functions, including the differential rotation of the Sun at the surface. This permits linking the two first spherical
harmonic coefficients (J
2 and J
4) with the geometric parameters that can be measured on the Sun (equatorial and polar radii). We emphasize the difficulties
in inferring gravitational oblateness from visual measurements of the geometric oblateness, and more generally a dynamical
flattening. Results are given for different observed rotational laws. It is shown that the surface oblateness is surely upper
bounded by 11 milliarcsecond. As a consequence of the observed surface and sub-surface differential rotation laws, we deduce
a measure of the two first gravitational harmonics, the quadrupole and the octopole moment of the Sun: J
2=−(6.13±2.52)×10−7 if all observed data are taken into account, and respectively, J
2=−(6.84±3.75)×10−7 if only sunspot data are considered, and J
2=−(3.49±1.86)×10−7 in the case of helioseismic data alone. The value deduced from all available data for the octopole is: J
4=(2.8±2.1)×10−12. These values are compared to some others found in the literature.
Supplementary material to this paper is available in electronic form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005238718479 相似文献
16.
B. P. Kondratyev 《Solar System Research》2013,47(1):1-10
A two-component theoretical model of the physical libration of the Moon in longitude is constructed with account taken of the viscosity of the core. In the new version, a hydrodynamic problem of motion of a fluid filling a solid rotating shell is solved. It is found that surfaces of equal angular velocity are spherical, and a velocity field of the fluid core of the Moon is described by elementary functions. A distribution of the internal pressure in the core is found. An angular momentum exchange between the fluid core and solid mantle is described by a third-order differential equation with a right-hand side. The roots of a characteristic equation are studied and the stability of rotation is proved. A libration angle as a function of time is found using the derived solution of the differential equation. Limiting cases of infinitely large and infinitely small viscosity are considered and an effect of lag of a libration phase from a phase of action of an external moment of forces is ascertained. This makes it possible to estimate the viscosity and sizes of the lunar fluid core from data of observations. 相似文献
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18.
M. V. Samokhin 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1979,62(1):159-183
In order to understand the reason of the existence of the electric field in the magnetosphere, and for the theoretical evaluation of its value, it is necessary to find the solution of the problem of determination of the magnetosphere boundary form in the frameworks of the continuum medium model which takes into account part of the magnetospheric plasma movement in supporting the magnetospheric boundary equilibrium. A number of problems for finding the distribution of the pressure, the density, the magnetic field and the electric field on the particular tangential discontinuity is considered in the case when the form of discontinuity is set (the direct problem) and a number of problems for finding the form of the discontinuity and the distribution of the above-mentioned physical quantities on the discontinuity is considered when the law of the change of the external pressure along the boundary is set (for example, with the help of the approximate Newton equation). The problem which is considered here, which deals with the calculation of the boundary form and with the calculation of the distribution of the corresponding physical quantities on the discontinuity of the 1st kind for the compressible fluid with the magnetic field with field lines which are perpendicular to the plane of the flow in question, concerns the last sort of problems. The comparison of the results of the calculation with the data in the equatorial cross-section of the magnetosphere demonstrates that the calculated form of the boundary, the value of the velocity of the return flow and the value of the electric field on the magnetopause, agree satisfactorily with the observational data. 相似文献
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