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1.
Orbit determination of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
We present the results on precision orbit determination from the radio science investigation of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
(LRO) spacecraft. We describe the data, modeling and methods used to achieve position knowledge several times better than
the required 50–100 m (in total position), over the period from 13 July 2009 to 31 January 2011. In addition to the near-continuous
radiometric tracking data, we include altimetric data from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) in the form of crossover
measurements, and show that they strongly improve the accuracy of the orbit reconstruction (total position overlap differences
decrease from ~70 m to ~23 m). To refine the spacecraft trajectory further, we develop a lunar gravity field by combining
the newly acquired LRO data with the historical data. The reprocessing of the spacecraft trajectory with that model shows
significantly increased accuracy (~20 m with only the radiometric data, and ~14 m with the addition of the altimetric crossovers).
LOLA topographic maps and calibration data from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera were used to supplement the results
of the overlap analysis and demonstrate the trajectory accuracy. 相似文献
2.
Since 2009, the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) acquires images and altimetric profiles of the lunar surface. Assembling these data to maps and terrain models requires the precise knowledge of the spacecraft trajectory. In this contribution, we present 5 years of LRO orbits from radiometric data processed with a software tailored to this mission. The presented orbits are the first independent validation of the LRO science orbits from NASA and are available for public use. A key feature of our processing is the elaborate treatment of model and observation errors by empirical parameters and an adaptive data weighting by variance component estimation. The quality of the resulting orbits is assessed by analyzing overlapping arcs. For our solution based on arcs of 2.5 days, such analysis yields a mean error of 2.81 m in total position and 0.11 m in radial direction. It is shown that this result greatly benefits from the adaptive data weighting, reducing the error by 2.54 and 0.13 m, respectively. Unfortunately, the precision achieved varies strongly, dependent on the view onto the orbital ellipse which changes with the lunar cycle. To mitigate this dependency, the arc length was extended in steps up to 10.5 days, leading in the best case to a further improvement of 0.80 m. 相似文献
3.
嫦娥一号激光高度计数据交叉点分析与平差处理 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文对嫦娥一号激光高度计进行了轨道交叉点分析和平差方法研究。根据获取的912万个激光高度测量点进行交叉点计算,产生了整个月球表面140多万个轨道交叉点,对交叉点的位置分布特点与交叉点不符值的时间分布特性进行了系统分析,并运用4种基于时间的函数模型对交叉点不符值进行平差处理和对比分析。在试验区(0°N~60°N, 50°W~0°W)内,4种交叉点平差模型均能使交叉点高程不符值中误差从平差前的62.1m降至37m以内,在此基础上产生的DEM条带现象消失或减弱,表明交叉点平差能明显改进DEM的质量。 相似文献
4.
5.
Alessandro Frigeri Costanzo Federico Cristina Pauselli Giorgio Minelli 《Transactions in GIS》2004,8(2):255-262
During the past few decades, numerous missions to Mars have sent information about the red planet. The missions have shown that Mars has ice on its poles and that ice could be present all over the planet subsurface. The presence of ice on the subsurface could drive particular geological structures called ‘wrinkle ridges’. In this work, Viking image data and the latest Mars Global Suveyor (MGS) data have been imported and stored in a common geospatial database using GRASS GIS as a tool for planetary geology. This study has focused on a subregion of Solis Planum where wrinkle ridges have been localised and both Viking images and MGS altimetry and imagery data are available. Raster data at different resolutions and with different projection parameters have been imported into GRASS GIS and projected in a common reference system. Raw, unprojected data have been processed and rectified using the GRASS image modules. Imagery data have been used to detect planimetric features, whereas basic morphometrical analysis has been performed from the gridded elevation data coming from MGS Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter. 相似文献
6.
A simulation study of multi-beam altimetry for lunar reconnaissance orbiter and other planetary missions 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
The combined use of altimetry, Earth-based Doppler and Earth-based range measurements in the lunar reconnaissance orbiter
(LRO) mission (Chin et al. in Space Sci Rev 129:391–419, 2007) has been examined in a simulation study. It is found that in
the initial phases of the mission orbit and altimeter geolocation accuracies should be better than 10 m in the radial component
and 60 m overall. It is demonstrated that LRO’s precise 1-way laser range measurement from Earth-based stations (Smith et
al. in Proceedings of the 15th International Laser Ranging Workshop, Canberra, Australia, October 15–20, 2006) will be useful
for gravity recovery. The advantages of multiple laser beams are demonstrated for altimeter calibration, orbit determination
and gravity recovery in general planetary settings as well as for LRO. 相似文献
7.
火星快车高分辫率立体相机(high resolution stereo camera, HRSC)线阵推扫式影像具有分辫率高、全球覆盖性好等特点,对火星快车HRSL影像进行摄影测量处理可获取火星全球高分辫率地形数据,而影像匹配是自动获取地形数据的关键利用核线几何约束可以将影像匹配搜索范围由二维降至一维本文在构建火星快车HRSC线阵影像严格几何模型的基础上,提出了一种近似核线重采样方法首先,利用投影轨迹法分析 HRSC线阵影像核线的直线性与平行性;然后,将原始HRSC影像进行微分纠正生成水平影像,分析投影轨迹法得出的核线在水平影像上的几何关系并确定近似核线方向,再沿核线方向进行核线重排生成近似核线影像实验结果表明,本文算法生成的近似核线影像同名点上下视差优于1个像素,且在水平影像上进行近似核线重采样减少了由外方位元素变化引起的几何畸变,更有利于影像匹配。 相似文献
8.
P. Moore 《Journal of Geodesy》2001,75(5-6):241-254
Dual satellite crossovers (DXO) between the two European Remote Sensing satellites ERS-1 and ERS-2 and TOPEX/Poseidon are
used to (1) refine the Earth's gravity field and (2) extend the study of the ERS-2 altimetric range stability to cover the
first four years of its operation. The enhanced gravity field model, AGM-98, is validated by several methodologies and will
be shown to provide, in particular, low geographically correlated orbital error for ERS-2. For the ERS-2 altimetric range
study, TOPEX/Poseidon is first calibrated through comparison against in situ tide gauge data. A time series of the ERS-2 altimeter
bias has been recovered along with other geophysical correction terms using tables for bias jumps in the range measurements
at the single point target response (SPTR) events. On utilising the original version of the SPTR tables the overall bias drift
is seen to be 2.6±1.0 mm/yr with an RMS of fit of 12.2 mm but with discontinuities at the centimetre level at the SPTR events.
On utilising the recently released revised tables, SPTR2000, the drift is better defined at 2.4±0.6 mm/yr with the RMS of
fit reduced to 3.7 mm. Investigations identify the sea-state bias as a source of error with corrections affecting the overall
drift by close to 1.2 mm/yr.
Received: 25 May 2000 / Accepted: 24 January 2001 相似文献
9.
CE-1立体相机与激光高度计数据联合平差 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
CE-1三线阵立体相机和激光高度计主要用于获取月球形貌信息.CE-1沿轨运动过程中,可同时获取高分辨率的三线阵扫描影像和高精度的激光测高数据.在分析立体影像与激光高度计数据不一致性的基础上,为提高定位精度,将激光测距数据引入三线阵立体影像光束法平差处理.本文提出一种改进的外定向参数模型,采用3阶Lagrange多项式模型(LPM)建立外定向线元素内插模型,采用四元数球面线性内插建立外定向角元素模型,并根据改进模型建立激光高度计数据与影像数据的联合平差数学模型.试验表明,本文立体相机和激光高度计数据联合平差模型是有效的. 相似文献
10.
A new method for calculating analytical solar radiation pressure models for GNSS spacecraft has been developed. The method
simulates the flux of light from the Sun using a pixel array. The method can cope with a high level of complexity in the spacecraft
structure and models effects due to reflected light. Models have been calculated and tested for the Russhar global navigation
satellite system GLONASS IIv spacecraft. Results are presented using numerical integration of the force model and long-arc
satellite laser ranging (SLR) analysis. The integrated trajectory differs from a precise orbit calculated using a network
of global tracking stations by circa 2 m root mean square over a 160 000-km arc. The observed − computed residuals for the
400-day SLR arc are circa 28 mm.
Received: 23 December 1999 / Accepted: 28 August 2000 相似文献
11.
The Spaceborne Laser Ranging System is a proposed short pulse laser on board an orbiting spacecraft.1,2,3,4 It measures the distance between the spacecraft and many laser retroreflectors (targets) deployed on the Earth’s surface.
The precision of these range measurements is assumed to be about ±2 cm (M. W. Fitzmaurice, private communication). These measurements are then used together with the orbital dynamics of the spacecraft, to derive
the relative position of the laser ground targets. Assuming a six day observing period with 50% cloud cover, uncertainties
in the baseline for target separations of 50 km to 1200 km were estimated to be on the order of 1 to 3 cm and the corresponding
values in the vertical direction, ranged from 1 cm to 12 cm. By redetermining the measurements of the relative target positions,
the estimated precision in the baseline for a target separation of 50 km is less than 0.3 cm and for a separation of 1200
km is less than 1 cm. In the vertical direction, the estimated precision ranged from 0.4 cm to 4.0 cm respectively. As a result
of the repeated estimation of the relative laser target positions, most of the non-temporal effects of error sources as exemplified
by the errors in geopotential are reduced.
The Spaceborne Laser Ranging System’s capability of determining baselines to a high degree of precision provides a measure
of strain and strain rate as shown byCohen, 1979. These quantities are essential for crustal dynamic studies which include determination and monitoring of strain near
seismic zones, land subsidence, and edifice building preceding volcanic eruptions. It is evident that such a system can also
be used for geodetic surveys where such precisions are more than adquate. 相似文献
12.
遥感制图与导航定位技术在嫦娥三号遥操作中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
系统介绍了嫦娥三号遥操作中基于影像的遥感制图与导航定位技术的应用方法。利用降落相机序列影像实现了嫦娥三号着陆器在嫦娥二号卫星影像上的高精度定位,并生成了着陆区高精度3维制图产品;利用导航相机立体影像生成巡视器周围地形产品,采用站间影像匹配定位和DOM匹配的方式实现了玉兔号月球车的连续高精度定位;将高精度的定位结果和制图产品应用于月球车遥操作任务规划中,为月球车的安全行驶和科学探测提供了精准的定位和3维地形信息。月球车月面巡视探测工作的顺利完成,验证了这些应用技术的可靠性。 相似文献
13.
MF多源测深数据融合方法及大洋水深模型构建 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
针对全球深海测深数据来源复杂、精度差异大、难以融合构建高精度数字水深模型（digital bathymetric model，DBM）的问题，提出一种适用于深水区多源水深数据融合的MF法（merge-fusion），并将其应用到马里亚纳海沟"挑战者深渊"的DBM构建中。该方法通过"合并-融合"的技术路线，将多波束、单波束、电子海图数据与通用全球海洋地形数据（general bathymetric chart of the oceans，GEBCO）有机地融合在一起，在保留高分辨率地形细节特征的同时，合理填补了数据空白区。使用该方法构建"挑战者深渊"高精度DBM并与GEBCO数据进行对比，结果表明，该方法融合的DBM能更好地反映精细的地形特征信息，具有重要的实际应用价值。 相似文献
14.
《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》1999,54(2-3):115-122
The Laser Vegetation Imaging Sensor (LVIS) is an airborne, scanning laser altimeter, designed and developed at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). LVIS operates at altitudes up to 10 km above ground, and is capable of producing a data swath up to 1000 m wide nominally with 25-m wide footprints. The entire time history of the outgoing and return pulses is digitised, allowing unambiguous determination of range and return pulse structure. Combined with aircraft position and attitude knowledge, this instrument produces topographic maps with dm accuracy and vertical height and structure measurements of vegetation. The laser transmitter is a diode-pumped Nd:YAG oscillator producing 1064 nm, 10 ns, 5 mJ pulses at repetition rates up to 500 Hz. LVIS has recently demonstrated its ability to determine topography (including sub-canopy) and vegetation height and structure on flight missions to various forested regions in the US and Central America. The LVIS system is the airborne simulator for the Vegetation Canopy Lidar (VCL) mission (a NASA Earth remote sensing satellite due for launch in year 2000), providing simulated data sets and a platform for instrument proof-of-concept studies. The topography maps and return waveforms produced by LVIS provide Earth scientists with a unique data set allowing studies of topography, hydrology, and vegetation with unmatched accuracy and coverage. 相似文献
15.
WUDOGS是武汉大学自主研发的深空探测器精密定轨与重力场解算软件系统。该软件目前已经具备月球、火星探测器的高精度定轨能力。本文首先简要介绍了WUDOGS设计思路及其主要功能,然后重点介绍了WUDOGS与国际上领先水平的行星探测器精密定轨软件系统GEODYN-Ⅱ的交叉验证测试过程。结果表明:对于探测器的轨道预报,WUDOGS与GEODYN-Ⅱ的1个月位置差异小于0.3mm,2d位置差值小于5×10-3 mm;双程测距、双程测速的理论计算值和GEODYN-Ⅱ的差值分别在0.06 mm、0.002 mm/s的水平;对月球探测器"嫦娥一号"的精密定轨显示WUDOGS和GEODYN-Ⅱ符合在2cm水平,对火星探测器MEX的精密定轨显示WUDOGS和欧空局精密轨道符合在25m水平。该软件目前的研发情况及其与国外研究水平的对比表明WUDOGS具有良好的应用前景,对满足我国后续深空探测发展的需求以及深空探测器精密定轨软件的研发具有重要意义。 相似文献
16.
We can presently construct two independent time series of sea level, each at a precision of a few centimeters, from Geosat
(1985–1988) and TOPEX/Poseidon (1992–1995) collinear altimetry. Both are based on precise satellite orbits computed using
a common geopotential model, JGM-2 (Nerem et al. 1994). We have attempted to connect these series using Geosat-T/P crossover
differences in order to assess long-term ocean changes between these missions. Unfortunately, the observed result are large-scale
sea level differences which appear to be due to a combination of geodetic and geopotential error sources. The most significant
geodetic component seems to be a coordinate system bias for Geosat sea level (relative to T/P) of −7 to −9 cm in the y-axis (towards the Eastern Pacific). The Geosat-T/P sea height differences at crossovers (with JGM-2 orbits) probably also
contain stationary geopotential-orbit error of about the same magnitude which also distort any oceanographic interpretation
of the observed changes. We also found JGM-3 Geosat orbits have not resolved the datum errors evident from the JGM-2 Geosat
-T/P results. We conclude that the direct altimetric approach to accurate determination of sea level change using Geosat and
T/P data still depends on further improvement in the Geosat orbits, including definition of the geocenter.
Received: 11 March 1996; Accepted: 19 September 1996 相似文献
17.
An automated method for 3D modelling of complex highway interchanges is presented. Laser data and 2D topographic map data have been combined in an innovative 3D reconstruction procedure. Complex situations as shown in this paper demand knowledge to guide the automatic reconstruction. This knowledge has been used in the fusion procedure to constrain the topological and geometrical properties of the reconstructed 3D model. These additions are needed to take care of the lack of data in occluded areas. Laser data has been segmented and filtered before it is fused with map data. In the surface-growing algorithm combining map and laser points, the laser data is assigned to the corresponding road element. Although results are shown using two specific data sources, the algorithm is designed to be capable of dealing with any polygon-based topographic map and any aerial laser scanner data-set. 相似文献
18.
A technique is presented for the development of a high-precision and high-resolution mean sea surface model utilising radar
altimetric sea surface heights extracted from the geodetic phase of the European Space Agency (ESA) ERS-1 mission. The methodology
uses a cubic-spline fit of dual ERS-1 and TOPEX crossovers for the minimisation of radial orbit error. Fourier domain processing
techniques are used for spectral optimal interpolation of the mean sea surface in order to reduce residual errors within the
initial model. The EGM96 gravity field and sea surface topography models are used as reference fields as part of the determination
of spectral components required for the optimal interpolation algorithm. A comparison between the final model and 10 cycles
of TOPEX sea surface heights shows differences of between 12.3 and 13.8 cm root mean square (RMS). An un-optimally interpolated
surface comparison with TOPEX data gave differences of between 15.7 and 16.2 cm RMS. The methodology results in an approximately
10-cm improvement in accuracy. Further improvement will be attained with the inclusion of stacked altimetry from both current
and future missions.
Received: 22 December 1999 / Accepted: 6 November 2000 相似文献
19.
研发了一套具有自主知识产权的火星探测器精密定轨及动力学参数解算软件系统，介绍了软件的设计思路与基本结构。对2009年8月中国甚长基线干涉测量网跟踪的火星快车号三程多谱勒数据和相同弧段欧洲空间局的双程多谱勒数据进行了处理。结果表明，对于三程多谱勒数据，精密定轨后的残差处于0.079 mm/s的水平，轨道与比利时皇家天文台发布的火星快车精密轨道（精度20~25 m）最大差距小于100 m；对于欧洲空间局双程多谱勒数据，精密定轨后的残差处于0.067 mm/s的水平，轨道与精密轨道最大差距小于10 m。对火星快车跟踪数据的处理结果表明该软件可靠。 相似文献
20.
The Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) will begin science operations in 2003 with an emphasis on determination of the ice sheet temporal variations in the Arctic and Antarctic regions. The ICESat bus will serve as the transport for an instrument called the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS). GLAS will provide altimetry and lidar measurements with a high level of accuracy. For altimetry, the GLAS data will enable determination of the laser pointing angle to within 1.5 arcsec and the laser pulse time of arrival on the ground to within 100 sec. Both of these data products contribute to the determination of the measured altitude vector from the spacecraft to the ice surface. Verification of both the laser pointing angle and the timing can be achieved by using a unique experimental technique designed to capture an altimeter pulse on the surface of the Earth. The capture of the laser pulse is accomplished by covering the illuminated area with devices designed to detect the arrival of energy within the altimeter footprint. This ground-based technique will supply an independent, unambiguous determination of the laser footprint geolocation and the epoch time associated with the arrival of the pulse on the surface. Knowledge of the laser footprint centroid on the ground will infer the laser pointing direction in the geocentric reference frame. This in situ measurement of the footprint geolocation and time of arrival will be compared to the corresponding data products provided by GLAS. The comparison of the GLAS laser pointing and the timing data with an independent measurement will verify the accuracy and/or will indicate the existence of any biases or errors in the generation of the GLAS altimetry data products. The detectors have been designed and tested in the laboratory and analyzed for energy level thresholds, system stability, temperature response and overall performance. Timing hardware has been tested and software has been written to achieve event detection within the desired accuracy. 相似文献