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1.
为验证土工合成黏土衬垫（Geosynthetic Clay Liners,GCL）作为煤矸石处置场衬垫层建设材料的可行性,采用垂直式双筒扩散装置进行室内扩散试验,研究了煤矸石淋滤液中典型污染物Zn2+、Mn2+和SO42-在人工钠化膨润土GCL中的扩散性能,使用有限层法模拟软件POLLUTE V7对污染物随时间变化的曲线进行拟合,确定3种污染物在人工钠化膨润土GCL中的扩散系数。研究结果表明,污染物在GCL中的扩散系数低于它们在传统压实黏土衬垫层中的扩散系数,从而能更有效地控制煤矸石淋滤液中污染物在GCL中的扩散迁移行为。   相似文献   

2.
煤矸石井下填充对矿井水的污染及其吸附控制模拟实验   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
以焦作煤矿区演马矿煤矸石为例，采取连续淋溶方式，模拟井下填充过程中煤矸石对地下水的污染，并利用土壤的吸附性能对矸石中溶出的污染因子进行控制。检测了淋溶水中的pH值、氟、总硬度、锰、铅、镉等6个因子，其中铅、镉未检出。实验表明，pH值、氟、总硬度变化范围均符合地下水Ⅲ类标准。锰是造成地下水污染的主零因子，考虑到累积效应，氟也有可能影响地下水质。控制实验显示，利用当地土壤的吸附性能对矸石中溶出的污染因子进行控制是可行、有效的，且分层填充比混合填充的控制效果好。  相似文献   

3.
ISC-AERMOD dispersion model was used to predict air dispersion plumes from an diesel power plant complex. Emissions of NO2and SO2from stacks (5 numbers) and a waste oil incinerator were studied to evaluate the pollutant dispersion patterns and the risk of nearby population. Emission source strengths from the individual point sources were also evaluated to determine the sources of significant attribution. Results demonstrated the dispersions of pollutants were influenced by the dominant easterly wind direction with the cumulative maximum ground level concentrations of 589.86 μg/m3 (1 h TWA NO2) and 479.26 μg/m3 (1 h TWA SO2). Model performance evaluation by comparing the predicted concentrations with observed values at ten locations for the individual air pollutants using rigorous statistical procedures were found to be in good agreement. Among all the emission sources within the facility complex, SESB-Power (diesel power plant) had been singled out as a significant source of emission that contributed >85% of the total pollutants emitted.  相似文献   

4.
Understanding the effects of organic acids (OA) on the transformation of Fe and Mn to surface water from the weathering coal gangue is of great benefit to risk assessment and remediation strategies for contaminated water and soil. Based on the investigation on surface water in the central coal districts of the Guizhou Province, 18 water samples were collected for heavy metal analysis. The results indicated that the pH value of surface water is low (3.11–4.92), and Fe concentration (1.31–5.55 mg L?1) and Mn concentration (1.90–5.71 mg L?1) were, on average, 10.86 and 34.33 times the limit of Surface Water Quality Standards, respectively. In order to evaluate the effects of the OA on the dissolution of Fe and Mn from the weathering coal gangue, column elution and batch leaching experiments were conducted. The results show that the low molecular weight of organic acids (LMWOAs, i.e., oxalic, tartaric, malic and citric acids) and fulvic acids significantly accelerated the dissolution of Fe and Mn; in addition, when the concentration of OA reached 25 mmol L?1, the concentrations of Fe, and Mn were 1.14–67.08 and 1.11–2.32 times as high as those in 0.5 mmol L?1 OA, respectively. Furthermore, the migration of Fe and Mn was significantly influenced by the pH and Eh, especially for Fe; the ion Mn was dissolved from the gangue more easily than the ion Fe in the column leaching, which was contrary to the results of batch leaching.  相似文献   

5.
 A few simple mass balance equations were developed to simultaneously estimate how much the pollutants from acid mine drainage (AMD) in stream water are diluted and removed during their migration. The application of the equations requires knowledge of the variations in the concentrations of the dissolved pollutants and the stoichiometry of the precipitation reaction of the pollutants when none of the pollutant shows a conservative behavior along the stream path. The calculation should be restricted to the pollutants showing much higher concentrations in the polluted main stream water than in the combining or diluting water of the same target area. The mass balance equations were applied to estimate the dilution factor and precipitation fractions of pollutants in Imgok Creek such as Fe, SO4 and Al from the AMD of Yeongdong mine. The results show that the estimation, especially for SO4 and Al, significantly depends on the kinds of the precipitates. When FeOHSO4 and AlOHSO4 are assumed to precipitate, the maximum removal fractions of SO4 and Al by precipitation are respectively 34% and 46% of the original input, which is much higher than the values estimated when SO4 is considered to be perfectly conservative. It indicates that the stoichiometry of precipitation reaction is very important in the interpretation of the pollutant dilution and migration and assessment of environmental impacts of AMD. The applicability of the mass balance equations may still need to be verified. However, examining the calculated dilution factor and precipitation fractions with the equations can provide invaluable information on not only the behavior but also unexpected input of the pollutants in the stream water polluted by AMD and other point sources. Received: 12 November 1997 · Accepted: 30 March 1998  相似文献   

6.
Because domestic landfill leachate concentrates complex organic pollutants, effective treatment of landfill leachate has gained increasing attention in recent years. In this paper, three-stage physicochemical and biochemical technology for treatment of domestic landfill leachate is presented. Based on an eight-month pilot operation, over 96% of the main pollutants, for example CODCr, BOD5, SS, NH4 +–N, coliform, and chrominance, can be removed, among which the removal efficiency of CODCr was 89.5, 8.6, and 1.7% in stages 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and the removal efficiency of BOD5 was 90.3, 8.3, and 1.4%. In the treatment, the biochemical process played a principal role on the removal of pollutants from the leachate. The treatment efficiency depends on how the syntheses of physicochemical, anaerobic, and hydrolytic procedures pave the way for biochemical treatment. Application of a combined efflux and mixed-flow aerator enhanced the removal efficiency during each procedure.  相似文献   

7.
The chemical characteristics, formation and natural attenuation of pollutants in the coal acid mine drainage (AMD) at Xingren coalfield, Southwest China, are discussed in this paper based on the results of a geochemical investigation as well as geological and hydrogeological background information. The chemical composition of the AMD is controlled by the dissolution of sulfide minerals in the coal seam, the initial composition of the groundwater and the water–rock interaction. The AMD is characterized by high sulfate concentrations, high levels of dissolved metals (Fe, Al, Mn, etc.) and low pH values. Ca2+ and SO4 2− are the dominant cation and anion in the AMD, respectively, while Ca2+ and HCO3 − are present at significant levels in background water and surface water after the drainage leaves the mine site. The pH and alkalinity increase asymptotically with the distance along the flow path, while concentrations of sulfate, ferrous iron, aluminum and manganese are typically controlled by the deposition of secondary minerals. Low concentrations of As and other pollutants in the surface waters of the Xingren coalfield could be due to relatively low quantities being released from coal seams, to adsorption and coprecipitation on secondary minerals in stream sediments, and to dilution by unpolluted surface recharge. Although As is not the most serious water quality problem in the Xingren region at present, it is still a potential environmental problem. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

8.
In the mining environments of the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB), the oxidation of sulphide wastes generates acid drainage with high concentrations of SO4, metals and metalloids (Acid Mine Drainage, AMD). These acid and extremely contaminated discharges are drained by the fluvial courses of the Huelva province (SW Spain) which deliver high concentrations of potentially toxic elements into the Gulf of Cádiz. In this work, the oxidation process of mine tailings in the IPB, the generation of AMD and the potential use of coal combustion fly ash as a possible alkaline treatment for neutralization of and metal removal from AMD, was studied in non-saturated column experiments. The laboratory column tests were conducted on a mine residue (71.6 wt% pyrite) with artificial rainfall or irrigation. A non-saturated column filled solely with the pyrite residue leached solutions with an acid pH (approx. 2) and high concentrations of SO4 and metals. These leachates have the same composition as typical AMD, and the oxidation process can be compared with the natural oxidation of mine tailings in the IPB. However, the application of fly ash to the same amount of mine residue in another two non-saturated columns significantly increased the pH and decreased the SO4 and metal concentrations in the leaching solutions. The improvement in the quality of leachates by fly ash addition in the laboratory was so effective that the leachate reached the pre-potability requirements of water for human consumption under EU regulations. The extrapolation of these experiments to the field is a promising solution for the decontamination of the fluvial courses of the IPB, and therefore, the decrease of pollutant loads discharging to the Gulf of Cádiz.  相似文献   

9.
Reoxidation of S stored in lowlands after summer droughts has been reported to be responsible for the excess SO4 export observed in many catchments in south central Ontario. Stable S isotopes can be used to identify the source of SO4 export in stream water, and are particularly well suited to evaluating zones of dissimilatory SO4 reduction (DSR) and the contribution of oxidation of reduced S species to stream SO4. The Plastic Lake-1 (PC1) stream drains an upland coniferous forest and then passes through a Sphagnum-dominated swamp before discharging to Plastic Lake. Measurements of SO4 fluxes and isotope ratios were used to determine the source of net SO4 export and the contribution of redox processes to S retention and export in the upland and wetland, respectively. Mass balance budgets for the years 1999/00 and 2000/01, which had comparatively wet summers, indicated that the upland part of the catchment consistently exported SO4 in excess of bulk deposition inputs. In contrast, mass budget calculations for the swamp indicated a net retention of 3 and 2 g S-SO4/m2 of wetland area, in 1999/00 and 2000/01 respectively. Higher δ34SO4 ratios and lower SO4 concentrations in the swamp outflow (average +8.6 ± 2.6‰; 1.5 ± 0.6 mg S-SO4/L) compared to the inflow draining the upland (+5.4 ± 0.7‰; 2.4 ± 0.3 mg S-SO4/L) indicated that DSR was at least partly responsible for net SO4 retention in the swamp. Isotope values in upland stream water (+5.7 ± 0.7‰) were only slightly higher than values in bulk deposition (average +5.1 ± 0.6‰) and soil leachate (+4.4 ± 0.4‰) over the 2-year period of study. Similar δ34SO4 values in upland stream water compared to deposition and soil leachate, despite substantial variations in water table height in the streambed (92 cm), suggest that reoxidation of reduced sulphides is not an important contributor to SO4 export from the upland. Rather, net SO4 export from the upland subcatchment is likely due to net release from upland soil, and slight differences in δ34SO4 between bulk deposition and soil leachate are consistent with SO4 release from organic S forms.  相似文献   

10.
气相色谱法测定地下水多环芳烃准确度的保证措施   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
针对环境中常见且对人体危害极大的USEPA优先控制污染物16种多环芳烃(PAHs)在地下水中的监测方法进行了研究,主要从影响方法准确度的空白溶剂的选择、标准样品测定、基质加标回收率方面进行了实验研究,利用数理统计的t 检验进行显著性检验,并对研究区水中的多环芳烃进行了测定。结果表明,该方法宜选用市售纯净水做空白溶剂,基质加标回收率在71 5%~99 7%范围内,标准样品测定的相对误差在1 0%~17 2%;经系统误差检验确定本方法不存在系统误差,可以达到测定地下水中多环芳烃的目的。实际样品的测定结果说明煤矸石中的多环芳烃随降水淋滤以及酸性矿坑排水进入地下水和地表水的可能性是存在的,其迁移转化机理需进一步深入研究。  相似文献   

11.
Open burning of scrap (bicycle, motorcycle, car and truck) tyres (OBST) was simulated in the laboratory to investigate their impact on the ambient air quality. The tyre samples were burnt in combustion chamber, and gaseous pollutants (CO, NO2 and SO2) emitted were quantified, while concentrations and elemental compositions of emitted total suspended particulates (TSP) were determined. Emission level of SO2 from all the tyre samples exceeded USEPA allowable (156.74 µg/m3) limit. CO due to car and truck tyres exceeded USEPA allowable (10,285.71 µg/m3) limit, while NO2 concentration was below the allowable limit (56.33 µg/m3) only in bicycle tyre. 25% of all the gaseous pollutants emitted are within the Air Quality Index range of 101–150. TSP concentrations from all the tyre samples were higher than the Federal Ministry of Environment standard (250 µg/m3) for ambient TSP. There is strong correlation (R) of 0.885, 0.949 and 0.802 among all the gaseous (CO/NO2, CO/SO2 and NO2/SO2) pollutants, respectively, while the highest (0.999) and lowest (0.079) positive correlations were observed between Mg and Mn as well as Cd and Zn, respectively. The results of this study show that OBST emits hazardous pollutants, which pose serious threat to human health and environment.  相似文献   

12.
A field-scale experiment was conducted to evaluate various organic C sources as amendments for passive treatment of tailings pore water. Varied mixtures of peat, spent-brewing grain (SBG) and municipal biosolids (MB) were assessed for the potential to promote dissimilatory sulfate reduction (DSR) and metal-sulfide precipitation. Five amended cells and one control were constructed in the vadose zone of a sulfide- and carbonate-rich tailings deposit, and the geochemistry, microbiology and mineralogy were monitored for 4 a. Increases in pore-water concentrations of dissolved organic C (DOC) and decreases in aqueous SO4 concentrations of >2500 mg L−1 were observed in cells amended with peat + SBG and peat + SBG + MB. Removal of SO4 was accompanied by shifts in δ34S-SO4 values of >+30‰, undersaturation of pore water with respect to gypsum [CaSO4·2H2O], and increased populations of SO4-reducing bacteria (SRB). Decreases in aqueous concentrations of Zn, Mn, Ni, Sb and Tl were observed for these cells relative to the control. Organic C introduction also supported growth of Fe-reducing bacteria (IRB) and increases in Fe and As concentrations. Enhanced Fe and As mobility occurred in all cells; however, maximum concentrations were observed in cells amended with MB. Subsequent decreases in Fe and As concentrations were attributed to DSR and metal-sulfide precipitation. The common presence of secondary Zn-S and Fe-S phases was observed by field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) spectroscopy. Selective extractions indicated that large decreases in water-soluble SO4 occurred in cells that supported DSR. Furthermore, amendments that supported DSR generally were characterized by slight decreases in solid-phase concentrations of extractable metal(loid)s. Amendment of tailings with organic C amendments that supported ongoing DOC production and DSR was essential for sustained treatment.  相似文献   

13.
Rare earth element (REE) concentrations were determined in acid mine drainage (AMD), bedrock, pyrite, and coal samples from the Sitai coal mine and the Malan coal mine in Shanxi province, China. The AMD displayed high REE concentrations with typical convex shale-normalized patterns. The REE concentrations in the bedrock samples are one order of magnitude higher than those found in pyrite and coal samples. The high REE concentrations in AMD most likely come from the acidic solution leached out REE in bedrock. Results from laboratory and field experiments show that pH is the most important factor controlling the fractionation of REE; but Fe, Al, and Mn colloids and secondary minerals also affects their fractionation. As the pH increased from 4 to 6, the concentrations of total dissolved REE decreased from 520 to 0.875???g?L?1. Fe and Al in AMD has less influence on the fractionation of dissolved REE than low concentrations of Mn. HREE were preferentially removed by secondary minerals and colloids, followed by MREE. Rare earth element??s speciation modeling indicates that sulfate complexes (LnSO4 + and Ln(SO4) 2 ? , 79?C91%) and free-metal species (Ln3+, 8.8?C21%) are the dominant REE species in the AMD, but the REE-sulfate complexation could not explain the MREE-enriched patterns.  相似文献   

14.
In this project, the oxidation of SO2 pollutant by Mn/Iranian hematite (Mn/IH) as a novel nanocatalyst in aqueous solution was investigated and followed by conductometry in a semi-batch reactor. The removal of SO2 gas is very important for decreasing the environmental pollution. The Mn/IH was prepared by coprecipitation method, and a novel way was used for converting SO2 to sulfuric acid as an energy source. The characterization of catalyst was determined by X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray fluorescence techniques. A Box–Behnken design was used to reduce the number of test runs and optimize the influencing factors such as the amount of nanocatalyst, temperature and the reaction time in oxidation of SO2. The graphical counter plots and response surface were used to determine the optimum conditions. Analysis of variance showed a high determination coefficient value (\(R^{2} = 0.9999\), \(R_{\text{adj}}^{2} = 0.9996\) and \(R_{\text{pred}}^{2} = 0.9980\) for oxidation of SO2) and satisfactory prediction second-order regression model. Based on the optimum results, the maximum efficiency for oxidation of SO2 was 90.67%, and it was achieved at initial temperature of 286.03 K, concentration of Mn/IH at 951.11 mg/l and 35.75 min of reaction. The results showed that the temperature had the most significant effect on SO2 oxidation compared with the other two variables.  相似文献   

15.
Mine water samples collected from different mines of the North Karanpura coalfields were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), major anions, cations and trace metals to evaluate mine water geochemistry and assess solute acquisition processes, dissolved fluxes and its suitability for domestic, industrial and irrigation uses. Mine water samples are mildly acidic to alkaline in nature. The TDS ranged from 185 to 1343 mg L?1 with an average of 601 mg L?1. Ca2+ and Mg2+ are the dominant cations, while SO4 2? and HCO3 ? are the dominant anions. A high concentration of SO4 2? and a low HCO3 ?/(HCO3 ? + SO4 2?) ratio (<0.50) in the majority of the water samples suggest that either sulphide oxidation or reactions involving both carbonic acid weathering and sulphide oxidation control solute acquisition processes. The mine water is undersaturated with respect to gypsum, halite, anhydrite, fluorite, aluminium hydroxide, alunite, amorphous silica and oversaturated with respect to goethite, ferrihydrite, quartz. About 40% of the mine water samples are oversaturated with respect to calcite, dolomite and jarosite. The water quality assessment shows that the coal mine water is not suitable for direct use for drinking and domestic purposes and needs treatment before such utilization. TDS, TH, F?, SO4 2?, Fe, Mn, Ni and Al are identified as the major objectionable parameters in these waters for drinking. The coal mine water is of good to suitable category for irrigation use. The mines of North Karanpura coalfield annually discharge 22.35 × 106 m3 of water and 18.50 × 103 tonnes of solute loads into nearby waterways.  相似文献   

16.
There is a great demand for estimating the ambient air pollutant background concentrations in order to assess the effectiveness of different emission control strategies. In this paper, the background concentrations of four pollutants, namely sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3) pollutants in urban, suburban, and rural environments were investigated using Kolmogorov–Zurbenko (KZ) filter technique. Air quality data from monitoring stations over a period of 4 years (2007–2010) was analyzed for three locations in Kuwait, namely urban, suburban, and rural. The spatial and temporal (daily, weekly, and monthly) variations of the four pollutants were analyzed. The results show that the levels of ambient air pollutant background concentrations were high in the urban site compared to suburban and rural area. The diurnal variation of SO2 concentration showed an early morning peak, while the diurnal variation of NOx concentration constituted has two peaks, one was in the early morning hours (5 to 8 a.m.) and the second was in nighttime hours (8 to 11 p.m.). These two peaks were observed at all three locations. The monthly background NOx concentration reached a maximum in winter and minimum in summer. Diurnal variation of CO concentration showed a similar trend to SO2 concentrations in all three locations. Because of the photochemical reactions that occur in the atmosphere, the background concentration of O3 showed an inverse relation with respect to background concentration of NOx.  相似文献   

17.
Stable isotopes were used to determine the sources and fate of dissolved inorganic C (DIC) in the circumneutral pH drainage from an abandoned bituminous coal mine in western Pennsylvania. The C isotope signatures of DIC (δ13CDIC) were intermediate between local carbonate and organic C sources, but were higher than those of contemporaneous Pennsylvanian age groundwaters in the region. This suggests a significant contribution of C enriched in 13C due to enhanced carbonate dissolution associated with the release of H2SO4 from pyrite oxidation. The Sr isotopic signature of the drainage was similar to other regional mine waters associated with the same coal seam and reflected contributions from limestone dissolution and cation exchange with clay minerals. The relatively high δ34SSO4 and δ18OSO4 isotopic signatures of the mine drainage and the presence of presumptive SO4-reducing bacteria suggest that SO4 reduction activity also contributes C depleted in 13C isotope to the total DIC pool. With distance downstream from the mine portal, C isotope signatures in the drainage increased, accompanied by decreased total DIC concentrations and increased pH. These data are consistent with H2SO4 dissolution of carbonate rocks, enhanced by cation exchange, and C release to the atmosphere via CO2 outgassing.  相似文献   

18.
The adsorption behaviors of ammonium from aqueous solutions were investigated for three solid coal wastes, slag, honeycomb-cinder and coal gangue. The ammonium sorption processes were well modeled by the pseudo second-order model (R 2 > 0.99). The experimental data were fitted to both the Langmuir model and the Freundlich model, with the Langmuir model better representing the data. The maximum ammonium sorption capacities calculated from the Langmuir model were 3.1, 5.0 and 6.0 mg/g for the slag, honeycomb-cinder and coal gangue samples, respectively. The pH value of the solution affected the ammonium removal, and the higher uptakes found in either neutral or alkaline conditions for the three materials. The thermodynamic parameters, ΔH, were calculated to be 29.75, 25.21 and 17.91 kJ/mol for the SL, HC and CG samples, respectively, with the positive values indicating that the ammonium sorption processes were endothermic. Based on the results, it can be concluded that coal gangue may have more potential for being used as a sorbent for the ammonium removal from wastewater among the three coal by-products.  相似文献   

19.
The Aha Lake is a seasonal anoxic water system in the southwest of Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China. Seasonal variations in SO42- concentrations and their isotopic compositions in lake water as well as in the tributaries were investigated in this study. The results showed that sulfate concentrations in river water range from 0.94 to 6.52 mmol/L and their δ34S values range from -14.9‰ and 0.9‰, while lake water has sulfate concentrations ranging from 1.91 to 2.79 mmol/L, and δ34S values from -9.8‰ to -5.9‰. It is suggested that coal mining drainage is the major source of SO42- in the Aha Lake. Rainfall, sewage discharge, sulfide oxidation and gypsum dissolution have made only limited contributions. Different depth-dependent distributions of dissolved SO42- and δ34S were de-veloped for both DB and LJK in summer and winter. Due to water overturn, δ34S values display homogenous vertical distributions in winter and spring. While in summer and autumn, significant positive shifts of δ34S were clearly ob-served in epilimnion and bottom strata as a result of water stratification. High δ34S values in epilimnion may result from the retention of rainwater during water stratification. Dissimilatory sulfate reduction by bacteria was thought to be responsible for the increase of δ34S value in hypolimnion.  相似文献   

20.
It is well known that oxidation of sulphide-containing coal mine waste has considerable environmental impacts due to generation of acid mine drainage (AMD) containing high dissolved metal concentrations. This study is the first to evaluate seasonal trends in the release of AMD from high arctic coal mine waste rock. Runoff from an abandoned coal mine waste pile in Svalbard (78°N) was studied during the entire 3–4 month period with running water in 2005. Temporal variation in concentrations and fluxes of dissolved elements were quantified based on daily water sampling and used to evaluate weathering processes and estimate element budgets on a daily, seasonal and annual basis. Apart from alkali- and alkaline earth metals; Fe, Al, Mn, Zn and Ni were found to be the most abundant metals in the runoff. Element concentrations were highly correlated and suggest that the processes of sulphide oxidation, ion exchange and silicate weathering occurring within the waste pile were linked throughout the measuring period. Observed pH values varied from 2.8 to 5.2 and SO4 concentrations from 21 to 1463 mg L−1. Manganese and Al concentrations were observed above phytotoxic levels (up to 4 and 23 mg L−1, respectively) and were considered the most critical elements in terms of environmental impact. Throughout the summer a total dissolved quantity of 58 kg Mn, 238 kg Al and 13,700 kg SO4 was released from the pile containing approximately 200,000 m3 of pyritic waste material (<1% FeS2). The highest concentrations of metals, lowest pH values and a very high daily release of H2SO4 (up to twice as high as the following month) were observed during the first week of thaw. This is considered a result of an accumulation of weathering products, generated within the waste pile during winter and released as a pollution-flush during early spring. Similar accumulation/flush sequences were observed later in the summer where rain events following relatively long dry periods caused high daily metal fluxes and on some occasions also elevated dissolved metal concentrations. Despite highly variable weather/climate conditions during the rest of the summer the investigated waste rock pile acted like a relative constant pollution-source during this period. Future investigations regarding the environmental impact of mine waste in the region should include measurements of bioavailable metals in order to provide further details on the seasonal trends in environmental impact.  相似文献   

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