共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Burcu Togral Koca 《Geographical review》2019,109(4):544-561
Using the case of Berlin, this article examines civil society actors in relation to local bordering practices following the large number of refugee arrivals in 2015. Combining critical border, migration, and urban studies and adopting a Foucauldian lens, the article aims to illustrate to what extent civil society actors have challenged and transformed local bordering practices vis‐à‐vis refugees within a specific urban space. The analysis illustrates that civil society actors have created new spaces of inclusion for refugees and brought new political and normative challenges to the established notions of belonging. On the other hand, they have also reproduced bordering practices either by their integration into formal state structures or by reinforcing hierarchical categorizations and unequal power relations embedded in the notion of humanitarianism. Finally, the article argues that these de/re‐bordering practices of civil society actors should be understood in line with the constraints that established bordering processes and the existing political and structural dynamics placed on them. 相似文献
2.
城市公共健康风险是当代城市研究的一个重要主题,在中国人文地理学界尚未得到充分关注。国内既有研究主要集中在两个维度——健康城市建设和城市风险治理,然而这些研究受到城市/自然二元论的影响。自20世纪90年代以来,城市政治生态学在西方人文地理学界迅速崛起,提出了以社会关系为核心的城市新陈代谢理论,在空间和联系两个层面将社会与自然,人类行为体与非人类行为体联系起来,实现了对二元论的超越。基于这一理论,本文从空间和联系层面对城市公共健康风险的具体形式进行分析,指出在空间层面上,存在空间流转和重叠的公共健康风险和空间生产和再生产活动的公共健康风险;就联系层面而言,存在“新陈代谢断裂”的公共健康风险和公众认知的公共健康风险。 相似文献
3.
南非负责任旅游的兴起及其意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
南非负责任旅游对南非的社会经济发展、政治民主建设起着非常重要的作用,特别是推动了南非构建公平社会的进程。本文概括了南非负责任旅游的兴起背景,分析了南非政府实施负责任旅游后初见成效的原因,剖析南非负责任旅游在缓解种族歧视、减少贫困、公平分配利益等方面对建设公平社会的意义。 相似文献
4.
政治生态学是西方人文政治地理研究人与自然/环境互动的辩证关系的核心领域。城市政治生态学作为政治生态学的衍生分支同样经历了二十年快速的发展,这一领域尚未获得中国人文地理学界的系统关注。本文对西方文献中城市政治生态学的理论发展、研究议题以及近期前沿的学术争论和理论拓展进行了系统梳理与探讨。政治生态学分析方法批判和克服了技术专家治国论、新马尔萨斯主义、增长的极限等非政治视角的环境生态解释。理论溯源于新马克思主义城市地理学的城市政治生态学,继承了政治生态学的政治视角,但同时对政治生态学和城市研究两个领域中的自然/社会的二元对立提出了批判,以社会-生态混合体为理论出发点,打破并超越了城市-自然的对立和二元划分,通过研究自然的生产、循环与新陈代谢,将城市概念化为动态变化的社会-生态混合体,并揭露了城市环境的生产和社会-生态演化过程本质上是一个政治过程,突出强调了社会-生态混合体演化变迁过程的政治经济学、政治过程、权力关系的分析对于理解不平等的城市环境的核心作用。近5年来,城市政治生态学研究在后结构主义理论启发下扩展了经典马克思主义城市政治生态学,拓展了理论溯源,丰富了对城市环境和生态的解释,并产生了一系列围绕方法论上的城市主义、星球城市化、多地点方法论等的前沿学术批判与争论。 相似文献
5.
Martha G. Bell 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):504-526
Historical political ecology provides a powerful framework for understanding nature–society relations in the past. This approach is applied to municipal drinking water governance in early colonial Lima, Peru, with a focus on how power dynamics influenced sociospatial patterns of water access and control. Sixteenth- and seventeenth-century archival sources are analyzed for material aspects of Lima's drinking water pipeline network and for the management strategies employed by the municipal government. Access to water is demonstrated to have shaped, reinforced, and reflected colonial social divisions and to have been linked to the spatial development of the city, including urban–rural relations. 相似文献
6.
Local Economic Development is (LED) an activity of increasing importance in the developing world as globalisation produces new roles for local governments. As compared to a growing number of urban initiatives for LED, rural LED initiatives are relatively undeveloped. In this paper, the focus is upon South Africa, where the post‐apartheid government has sought to encourage both urban and rural LED initiatives. Programmes of land reform and restitution in South Africa result in the resettlement or return to the land of communities formerly dispossessed under apartheid. A critical element of planning for successful resettlement is the implementation of LED programmes. Schmidtsdrift in Northern Cape is examined as an example of participatory LED in a developing rural context. Rural LED in South Africa is distinguished by its focus upon poverty alleviation in the context of addressing the legacies of apartheid. 相似文献
7.
农民增收是体现不同发展阶段农户生计适应性与自我可持续发展能力的关键指标。本文采用库兹涅茨曲线模型分析了1995—2015年中国农民增收与经济发展水平的耦合关系,发现了农户生计对经济发展的响应呈现显著的时空差异性特征。2009年成为中国农民人均纯收入增长率开始降低的拐点。中、西部地区由于发展相对落后,农民增收难问题早在2005年就已显现,东部地区在2012年开始出现农民增收难问题。城镇化发展、地区科技投入均有助于农民持续增收,而农民受教育程度普遍较低,制约了其提高生计水平和获取稳定收入的能力。应着力推进村镇化发展与乡村转型,提高农民受教育水平,为农民自我发展创造机会与平台,提升其生计水平与应对外界发展环境变化的能力。 相似文献
8.
Urban poverty is invariably linked to sociospatial dimensions of livelihood strategies. Gendered social relations, for example, have been seen to impact the ability of females to access resources, to gain assets, and to engage in viable income‐generating activities. Focussing on the livelihood strategies of the urban poor as they intersect with neoliberal economic reforms in contemporary Ghana, this paper draws on a field‐based survey of porters in Accra, mostly migrants from rural agricultural northern Ghana, whose primary livelihoods derive from transporting goods for clients in congested market areas of the urban industrial south. The paper highlights the gendered aspects of porters' livelihood experiences such as differences in migration patterns, reliance on physical labour and living conditions, which relatively few analyses have examined, especially as these relate to wider socioeconomic processes. The study illustrates how this perspective is important to understand the intersection of livelihood strategies, gender and national economic reforms in promoting both rural and urban development. 相似文献
9.
自然灾害韧弹性社会的理论范式 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
全球环境变化和经济快速发展导致自然灾害的增加,已经成为现代人类社会最严重的环境问题之一。面对自然灾害风险防控的严峻形势,人类社会必须建设得足够强大,以应对可能发生的自然灾害风险。在提出“构筑自然灾害韧弹性社会减轻自然灾害风险”的基础上,本文重点分析韧弹性的确切涵义,通过综合灾害防御、损害恢复和应急管控,诠释自然灾害韧弹性社会的内涵、组分和结构;建立自然灾害韧弹性社会的指标体系和定量表征方法,评估案例区自然灾害韧弹性社会的状况;进而针对城乡差异设计建设自然灾害韧弹性社会的途径。依此,系统性地构建了包括概念—结构—指标—途径的自然灾害韧弹性社会理论范式。建设自然灾害韧弹性社会是人类的必然选择,这与社会经济可持续发展高度一致。研究旨在推动综合应对自然灾害风险,探索建设“更强、更安全、更持续”的自然灾害韧弹性社会途径,支撑国家防灾减灾战略转变、实施“关键领域与薄弱环节九大工程”。 相似文献
10.
《Urban geography》2013,34(6):520-535
Urban sprawl is eroding the traditionally compact, diverse, and mixed Southern European cities. Besides the rise in land and energy consumption, the expansion of low density urban forms also affects water, a critical resource in the region. This study examines garden watering in the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona in order to illustrate the importance of outdoor water use in the urbanization process, and, following the insights provided by urban political ecology, to highlight the differences in garden types and water spending according to power relations derived from income levels. Results indicate that, generally, higher income households prefer and can afford more water-consuming Atlantic gardens whereas lower income households have to resort to more climate-adapted species. These differences produce in turn different urban natures based on who can and who cannot afford water costs. 相似文献
11.
Daniel Novik Warshawsky 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):594-611
Food security civil society organizations (FSCSOs) are key institutional players in the Global South, yet researchers have not adequately examined their size, scope, or location within urban areas. To fill this gap, this article analyzes Johannesburg's FSCSOs using quantitative survey data and spatial analysis. Data findings suggest that FSCSOs’ resources are unevenly distributed across Johannesburg, with larger, privately resourced FSCSOs located in white suburbs and smaller, unstable, turnover-prone FSCSOs located in black townships and informal settlements. Overall, these data suggest that the city's network of FSCSOs is spatially polarized and weakest in areas where food insecurity is the greatest. 相似文献
12.
电子商务影响下的“淘宝村”乡村重构多维度分析——以湖北省十堰市郧西县下营村为例 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
以湖北省十堰市郧西县下营村为例,利用半结构式访谈、问卷调查并结合遥感影像解译与GIS可视化表达等方法对电子商务驱动下乡村经济、社会及空间重构进行刻画。研究表明：① 下营村由传统的农业主导转变为一、二、三产业融合发展的多元结构,并显露出生态化转向。② 社会空间趋向于就业高度非农化、治理主体多元化、公共服务健全化、生活方式现代化及交往空间虚拟化。③ 农业生产空间逐步压缩,非农生产空间逐步扩张,生产-生态复合空间增加,居住空间呈现多功能化、集约化。④ 产业基础、电商平台、物流设施、乡村精英、资源禀赋和政府支持为其转型与发展提供了初始引擎、资源支撑和外部支持。 相似文献
13.
Cleophas Lado 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2000,21(3):295-315
This paper seeks to provide a comparative analysis of the role of labour movements in democratisation during two very different political transitions in Nigeria and South Africa and in the context of globalisation and neoliberal hegemony. First, Nigeria is examined as an example of authoritarian rollback and containment of pro-democracy movements in an economy heavily conditioned by interventions from the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Second, South Africa is discussed as a case of home-grown structural adjustment or gradual neoliberal shift in macroeconomic policies without relevant external interventions. The paper compares the failure of past Nigerian democratisation with the problems and issues arising after the first successful democratic electoral change in South Africa. Labour is analysed by focusing on its relationships with a set of organisations, institutions and regulated behaviours, and the broader concept of labour movement in its plurality of forms of identity, militancy and organisation. The argument of this paper is that the neoliberal discourse, with or without overt political authoritarianism, involves a narrowing of spaces for institutionalising the progressive role of labour in civil society. In the Nigerian case, this process leads to grassroots' demand for a significant radicalisation of trade union strategies, while the possibilities and constraints for such an outcome in the South African case are explored in relation to the crisis of corporatist solutions. The paper concludes that the impact of labour is the single most important factor in the establishment of democracy through alliance with other social forces. At the same time, this conclusion cautions with the contradictory nature of pressures placed on organised labour. 相似文献
14.
15.
Eric C. Thompson 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2020,41(1):136-153
‘Kebun culture’ is a distinctive, emergent form of rural sensibility and social-economic relations in Malaysia. As a contribution to theories of ‘planetary’ or thoroughgoing urbanization, the ethnographic evidence presented in the article illustrate a case of urban annexation of rurality, in which kebun (orchards) are detached from the social organization of rural villages and incorporated into urban-centered Malay society. Kebun, as productive land with non-rice crops, have traditionally been associated with rural kampung (village). In the late twentieth century, thoroughgoing urbanization, driven by both rural-to-urban migration and in situ urbanization of rural kampung, simultaneously produced a social disintegration of Malay kampung and increasingly urban-oriented Malay society. The kebun, which previously was an ancillary part of kampung social ecology has become dissociated from kampung and instead operates as an annex of urban-centered social lives. Kebun are also distinctively individuated rather than communal socio-economic projects. In both reserve lands and kampung areas, urban-based Malays and rural-to-urban return migrants are involved in kebun projects, through which they engage with nostalgic notions of rurality, but without the social entanglements of kampung social relations. At the same time, through kebun projects, urban Malay subjects enter into new social relations, albeit ones marked by commodification. 相似文献
16.
推进城乡一体化协调发展是事关海南自由贸易港建设成效的重点任务之一,新的发展环境及政策框架正促使海南省城乡关系快速转型。采用变异系数法、耦合协调度模型、回归模型,从城乡空间、经济和社会等维度,分析了建省办特区以来海南省城乡关系演化特征及驱动机制。结果表明：①建省办特区以来,海南省城乡协调综合指数呈现明显的先降后升态势,由1988年的0.319 9到1993年的0.153 9,2019年达0.851 9;②海南省城乡各子系统耦合度和耦合协调度均呈波动上升态势,耦合度主要处于磨合和高水平耦合阶段,耦合协调度由轻度失调转变为初级协调,最后达到中级协调,城乡各子系统间相互作用增强;③海南省城乡关系演化经历城乡二元加剧、城乡二元固化、城乡关系趋缓和城乡一体化初期四个阶段,低水平城乡均衡发展是重要特征,高质量推进城乡一体化协调发展是关键;④经济发展对城乡协调发展影响最为明显,但呈负相关,其次为市场消费、产业结构、乡村发展、交通通达性、城镇发展和政府行为,对外开放对城乡关系演化影响相对较弱;⑤制度创新、对外合作、产业优化、城镇建设和乡村振兴是推进城乡融合发展的重要路径。 相似文献
17.
基于城乡互动的衡阳市城市空间结构重组:理论与实践 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
地方级中心城市的市域空间结构是全面反映城乡关系特征的空间尺度,也是体现中国城乡二元结构的基本尺度。因此,地方级区域空间结构重组的主要内容就是以协调城乡关系为主线展开的,在现代城乡关系理论的指导下,通过构建新的产业关系、优化区域城镇空间关系和等级规模结构、优化城乡通道系统、理顺城乡"流"动、探索新的城乡空间结构模式等措施,从而建立起符合区域发展实际和宏观社会经济发展大背景的城乡空间结构。以衡阳市为实证,论述了基于城乡互动的市域空间结构重组的具体途径与措施。 相似文献
18.
中国东部沿海地区乡村发展类型及其乡村性评价 总被引：62，自引：4，他引：58
在界定农业主导、工业主导、商旅服务和均衡发展四个乡村发展类型的基础上,对中国东部沿海地区的乡村发展类型进行了划分.基于乡村对社会具有的功能构建了乡村性指数(RI)以刻划不同发展类型的乡村性强弱,并对东部沿海地区各发展类型的乡村性进行了评价.结果表明:东部沿海地区57.6%的县市一、二、三产业得到均衡发展:农业主导、工业主导和商旅服务业主导的发展地域类型分别占总面积的18.64%、11.99%和11.75%:农业主导乡村发展类型中乡村性较强(RI>0.5)的地域占到59.1%:工业主导乡村发展类型中乡村性弱(RI<0.4)和居中(0.4相似文献
19.
宅基地退出外部环境地域差异实证分析——基于武汉市东西湖区84个样点的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
现阶段中国宅基地“乱象”引起了全社会的高度关注,学者们围绕宅基地退出问题从各个视角进行了广泛的探讨。宅基地退出外部环境作为外生约束条件,对农户宅基地退出意愿具有重要影响。本文以收益性空间界限理论为基础,构建了宅基地退出外部环境收益空间界限模型;并以2015年武汉市东西湖区84个宅基地样点为对象,从微观尺度单元视角对城乡宅基地退出外部环境综合收益地域差异进行系统分析。结果发现：城乡结合区农户宅基地退出外部环境综合收益为正(B>0),宅基地退出外部环境较好,农户宅基地退出意愿较高;而城市中心区和偏远农村地区宅地基退出外部环境综合收益为负(B<0),宅基地退出外部环境较差,农户宅基地退出意愿不高。研究结论可为政府在宅基地退出管理中“因地施策”,构建“城乡互助”宅基地退出机制提供决策参考依据。 相似文献
20.
Uneven urban metabolisms: toward an integrative (ex)urban political ecology of sustainability in and around the city 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Innisfree McKinnon Patrick T Hurley Colleen C Myles Megan Maccaroni Trina Filan 《Urban geography》2019,40(3):352-377
ABSTRACTExpanding cities present a sustainability challenge, as the uneven proliferation of hybrid landscape types becomes a major feature of 21st century urbanization. To fully address this challenge, scholars must consider the broad range of land uses that being produced beyond the urban core and how land use patterns in one location may be tied to patterns in other locations. Diverse threads within political ecology provide useful insights into the dynamics that produce uneven urbanization. Specifically, urban political ecology (UPE) details how economic power influences the development decision-making that proliferate urban forms, patterns of uneven access, and modes of decision-making, frequently viewing resource extraction and development through the urban metabolism lens. The political ecology of exurbia, or, perhaps, an exurban political ecology (ExPE), examines the symbolic role nature and the rural have played in conservation and development efforts that produce social, economic, and environmental conflicts. While UPE approaches tend to privilege macroscale dynamics, ExPE emphasizes the role of landowners, managers, and other actors in struggles over the production of exurban space, including through decision-making institutions and within the context of broader political economic forces. Three case studies illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches, demonstrating the benefits for and giving suggestions on how to integrate their insights into urban sustainability research. Integrated political ecology approaches demonstrate how political-economic processes at a variety of scales produce diverse local sustainability responses. 相似文献