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1.
毛乌素沙地沉积物粒度特征与土地沙漠化 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为了研究毛乌素沙地沉积物的粒度特征与土地沙漠化的地质成因类型,通过系统研究沙地及相邻地区晚更新世以来在沙地内部、覆沙黄土区、黄土高原和河流谷地与湖泊等不同地质构造地貌条件下所形成的沉积物粒度特征,指出不同地质成因类型的沉积物是这些地区土地沙漠化的物质基础,区分不同类型的沉积物也是构成不同地质成因类型土地沙漠化分类的理论基础,探讨了不同地质作用对土地沙漠化的贡献及其对土地沙漠化防治方面的意义。研究表明,研究区的土地沙漠化是以各种类型的就地起沙为主要特征,地表径流的水力搬运是沙漠化物质搬运的重要途径。现代毛乌素沙地及其邻区的土地沙漠化是对地质历史时期形成的各种沉积物的进一步搬运、分选和再沉积过程,具有相对复杂的粒度特征。 相似文献
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通过孢粉分析，粒度分析，矿物成分和石英砂微观形貌分析，对史前石器发掘地黑沙遗址的沉积物成因进行了初步探讨，沉积物分选较差，矿物成熟度一般，自下而上颗粒变粗，分选性和磨圆度变好，孢粉以淡水河口成分为主，揭示黑沙遗址沉积物总体属河流搬运作用为主同时受低能潮直带波浪作用的近岸环境下的沉积，沉积物的物质来源于花岗岩，泥岩和粉砂岩，经河流中近距离搬运。 相似文献
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砂岩的粒度特征是其成因的重要标志.概率图解、C—M图解、粒度参数散点图等是目前粒度分析资料处理上使用最多最广的几种方法.概率图解主要是通过总体筛分、识别不同总体的特征及其相互关系来阐明沉积物的搬运机理、水动力条件及其与沉积环境的关系;C_M图、粒度参数散点图则是从沉积物的粒度分布中选取有代表性的粒度参数作图,通过与已知沉积环境中同类型图像的对比来阐述沉积物(岩)的沉积环境和搬运机理. 这些方法在砂岩粒度成因研究中起了一定的作用,向沉积岩(物)成因解释的定量化迈开了可喜的一步.但是,由于砂岩的粒度特征受多种因素的影响,如水动力条件、沉积环境、陆源区的母岩类 相似文献
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板块俯冲碰撞拼合带是盆山相互作用最为强烈的地区,发育有弧前、弧间及弧后多种类型的盆地,沉积物的剥蚀搬运作用极为活跃。证据显示,沉积物搬运充填过程在构造—古地理控制型盆地中具有一定的演变规律,伴随盆地演化,沉积物轴向搬运与横向搬运呈此消彼长的互动关系。南海南北两侧均发育了大型板块俯冲拼合带及相关的沉积盆地,在盆地发育早期沉积物沿盆地长轴方向分别形成昆莺琼古河和巽他古河,以轴向搬运的方式分别把越南中部及马来半岛沉积物由西向东输送到南海,形成大型三角洲及前三角洲深水扇沉积,河流发育位置均在板块拼合转折地段。在盆地发育的成熟阶段,沉积物以横向搬运的方式进入盆地,与轴向搬运沉积物形成混合堆积。轴向搬运是洋陆碰撞拼合盆地中一种重要的沉积物搬运途径,主要受盆地形成时的构造古地理控制。 相似文献
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庐山羊角岭附近混杂堆积的组构特征及其成因 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
粗粒碎屑沉积物是受各种不同形成的动力作用而形成的。由于地壳岩石成分的千差万别,及其搬运动力和沉积方式的不同,所造成沉积物砾石组构也会不同。当前研究沉积物的成因手段,除传统的地貌、地质以及岩矿分析、化学分析等方法外,砾石组构法近年来在国内外也被广泛应用,甚至在古地理重建方面取得了很大的进展。 相似文献
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长江下游第四纪下蜀黄土的成因探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文对长江下游下蜀黄土的代表性剖面,沉积物粒级、矿物及化学成分,沉积环境及成因特点、物质来源与区域对比等进行了较详细的论述,结论是下蜀黄土的形成以风力搬运为主,水流的作用参与居次要地位。 相似文献
7.
板块俯冲碰撞拼合带是盆山相互作用最为强烈的地区,发育有弧前、弧间及弧后多种类型的盆地,沉积物的剥蚀搬运作用极为活跃。证据显示,沉积物搬运充填过程在构造—古地理控制型盆地中具有一定的演变规律,伴随盆地演化,沉积物轴向搬运与横向搬运呈此消彼长的互动关系。南海南北两侧均发育了大型板块俯冲拼合带及相关的沉积盆地,在盆地发育早期沉积物沿盆地长轴方向分别形成昆莺琼古河和巽他古河,以轴向搬运的方式分别把越南中部及马来半岛沉积物由西向东输送到南海,形成大型三角洲及前三角洲深水扇沉积,河流发育位置均在板块拼合转折地段。在盆地发育的成熟阶段,沉积物以横向搬运的方式进入盆地,与轴向搬运沉积物形成混合堆积。轴向搬运是洋陆碰撞拼合盆地中一种重要的沉积物搬运途径,主要受盆地形成时的构造古地理控制。 相似文献
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水下碎屑流沉积是近年来在深水环境（深海或深湖）中日益受到重视的一种沉积类型,然而目前还没有一个确定水下沉积物的块体搬运过程的公认鉴别标志。通过对鄂尔多斯盆地湖盆中央地区几个露头剖面的地质调查,首次在延长组深水厚层块状砂岩中发现了一种“泥包砾”结构,并分析了其形成与演变过程。研究认为这种“泥包砾”结构主要与三角洲前缘特殊的“碎屑流”成因机理与发育过程有关,其形成过程自始自终表现出含有它的沉积物是作为块体状态（宾汉塑性体）被搬运的,自始自终表现出其在搬运过程中是被介质的强度所支撑的,据此认为“泥包砾”结构是确定延长组深水厚层块状砂岩为碎屑流成因的最有意义的标志性证据,并由此建立了延长组深水砂岩从开始启动到搬运、再到沉积的过程与模式。同时,本文认为“泥包砾”也为深海沉积中块体搬运作用与搬运过程的研究提供了一种可借鉴的关键性判识标志,对于当前全球深水（包括深海与深湖）油气勘探以及目前国际地学界广泛开展的大陆边缘沉积物“从源到汇”过程的研究都有积极意义。 相似文献
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陕西铜矿床类型及找矿方向 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：6
通过对陕西铜矿成果和国土资源大调查工作中新发现铜矿的研究总结，划分出8类铜矿成因类型，其中重要的类型为海相火山气液型、接触交代型、受变质型;划分出与铜矿有关的成矿系列有9个.其中主要与铜矿床（点）有关的成矿系列为、与元古代中-酸性岩有关的铁铜矿床成矿系列，加里东-印支期与中性-酸性花岗岩类有关的铁铜金钨萤石矿床成矿系列，与海相中基性火山岩有关的铜锌矿床成矿系列，前寒武系变质火山岩中的铜锌黄铁矿床成矿系列，海底喷流沉积-热液改造铅锌铜矿床成矿系列;划分出与铜成矿有关的Ⅲ级成矿区（带）有5条，有关的Ⅳ级成矿区（带）有9条，主要铜找矿区（带）（相当于Ⅴ级）有14条，其中铜重点找矿区（带）有：勉县七里沟-宁强巩家河铁铜成矿带，铜峪-西骆峪铜锌成矿带，蟒岭-牧护关燕山期铁铜钼钨铅锌萤石成矿带、小河口-园子街铁铜金成矿区。 相似文献
13.
Hugues Cabane Didier Laporte Ariel Provost 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2001,142(3):361-373
To characterise the kinetics of Ostwald ripening of quartz, we conducted four series of experiments in systems consisting of quartz, with an initial grain size of ƹ.3 to 6 µm, in equilibrium with hydrous silicic liquids. Two series were performed with a haplogranitic liquid containing 6.5 wt% H2O at 900 °C and 1 GPa. The third series was made in the quartz-anorthite system at water saturation, 900 °C, and 1 GPa. The last series was made in the quartz-albite system at water saturation, 800 °C, and 0.2 GPa. In all series, we observed a relatively small but systematic increase of the mean grain size of quartz, % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaaeaart1ev0aaatCvAUfKttLearuavTnhis1MBaeXatLxBI9gBae % bbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8YjY-vipgYlH8Gipec8Eeeu0xXdbba9frFj % 0-OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9 % vr0-vr0-vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaabaqaamaaaOqaaiqbdsga % Kzaaraaaaa!29AA! [`(d)] \bar d , with increasing run duration, t. The largest increase was in the quartz-anorthite system: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaaeaart1ev0aaatCvAUfKttLearuavTnhis1MBaeXatLxBI9gBae % bbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8YjY-vipgYlH8Gipec8Eeeu0xXdbba9frFj % 0-OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9 % vr0-vr0-vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaabaqaamaaaOqaaiqbdsga % Kzaaraaaaa!29AA! [`(d)] \bar d increased by a factor of 4.3 after 326 h; the smallest increase was measured in the quartz-albite system: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaaeaart1ev0aaatCvAUfKttLearuavTnhis1MBaeXatLxBI9gBae % bbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8YjY-vipgYlH8Gipec8Eeeu0xXdbba9frFj % 0-OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9 % vr0-vr0-vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaabaqaamaaaOqaaiqbdsga % Kzaaraaaaa!29AA! [`(d)] \bar d increased by a factor of only ƹ.6 after 1,173 h. The experimental data yield very good linear fits in both ln t vs ln% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaaeaart1ev0aaatCvAUfKttLearuavTnhis1MBaeXatLxBI9gBae % bbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8YjY-vipgYlH8Gipec8Eeeu0xXdbba9frFj % 0-OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9 % vr0-vr0-vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaabaqaamaaaOqaaiqbdsga % Kzaaraaaaa!29AA! [`(d)] \bar d and ln t vs % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaaeaart1ev0aaatCvAUfKttLearuavTnhis1MBaeXatLxBI9gBae % bbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8YjY-vipgYlH8Gipec8Eeeu0xXdbba9frFj % 0-OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9 % vr0-vr0-vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaabaqaamaaaOqaaiqbdsga % Kzaaraaaaa!29AA! [`(d)] \bar d diagrams. The slopes in the ln t vs ln% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaaeaart1ev0aaatCvAUfKttLearuavTnhis1MBaeXatLxBI9gBae % bbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8YjY-vipgYlH8Gipec8Eeeu0xXdbba9frFj % 0-OqFfea0dXdd9vqaq-JfrVkFHe9pgea0dXdar-Jb9hs0dXdbPYxe9 % vr0-vr0-vqpWqaaeaabiGaciaacaqabeaabaqaamaaaOqaaiqbdsga % Kzaaraaaaa!29AA! [`(d)] \bar d diagrams, between 1/5 and 1/7, are, however, much smaller than the value of 1/3 predicted by the Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner theory for diffusion-controlled Ostwald ripening. A possible explanation for this discrepancy is that the diffusion-controlled regime in our experiments is only attained after a transient regime lasting from 20 h in series III to 100 h in series IV. A more straightforward explanation of the experimental results is that the rate-limiting mechanism for Ostwald ripening is quartz growth by surface nucleation not diffusion in the silicic liquid. Finally, we extrapolated our data to geological time scales to evaluate the importance of Ostwald ripening in natural quartz-bearing magmatic systems: (1) quartz cannot coarsen measurably by Ostwald ripening over reasonable time scales if the initial grain size is ƹ mm or more; and (2) Ostwald ripening may be very active at the end of nucleation events and result in the consumption of a significant proportion of crystalline nuclei. 相似文献
14.
《Organic Geochemistry》1986,9(1):39-45
Athabasca oil sand aromatic fractions were subjected to base-catalyzed autoxidation to selectively oxidize fluorenes to fluoren-9-ones and to 9-alkylfluoren-9-ols. Owing to differing polarities, the oxidation products could be separated conveniently by column chromatography to yield a series of mono- to tetramethylfluoren-9-ones, 9-n-alkylfluoren-9-ols and their nuclear methylated derivatives which were previously detected in Alberta bitumen resins.In the samples analyzed, 1,4-dimethylfluorene was present as the major nuclear dimethylated fluorene along with minor amounts of the 2,4- and 3,4-dimethyl isomers. 2,4-Dimethylfluorene was found in one sample but was absent in the other. 9-Methylfluorene was the major 9-alkyl compound present. Individual members of these series were identified by comparison of capillary gas chromatographic retention times and mass spectra with those of synthetic standards.It is suggested that the fluorenes are the source of fluorenones and fluorenols in Athabasca oil sand. The reservoir may have experienced mildly oxidative conditions at some time. 相似文献
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Cluster models for earthquakes: Regional comparisons 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
L. Adamopoulos 《Mathematical Geology》1976,8(4):463-475
Four clustering models are fitted by means of a spectral-likelihoodmethod to series of earthquakes in each of 14 seismic regions. It is concluded that from these models only the Neymann—Scott process, containing both short- and long-term components, is satisfactory for all regions. By inspecting the parameters of this model the consistency of results between regions of similar geological type is studied and the characteristics of different types of region are compared. 相似文献
17.
John D. Payzant Thomas W. Mojelsky Terry D. Cyr Douglas S. Montgomery Otto P. Strausz 《Organic Geochemistry》1985,8(2):177-180
Homologous series of 9-n-alkyl fluorene-9-ols and their nuclear methylated derivatives have been detected in the Alberta oil sands and their structure identified by infrared, field ionization and capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and by comparison with synthetic standards. 相似文献
18.
Wang CHUNSHU Yan MINGCAI Zhang WENHUA Chi QINGHUA Gu TIEXIN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1996,20(1):57-64
In 1990, the Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration prepared a series of certified reference materials of synthetic silicates and limestones. The silicate series (GSES I * ) is composed of 11 samples with 28 ingredient elements and the limestone series (GSES II*) is composed of 9 samples with 29 ingredient elements. The standard series were prepared in ascending element concentration order of 1, 2 and 5. The synthetic standards were analyzed by a large number of laboratories with various reliable methods and then certified values were derived. 相似文献
19.
Extracting the contiguous coal seams under the lowermost aquifer in the unconsolidated Cenozoic alluvium is apt to water and quicksand inrush. By using a series of investigation methods including empirical formulas, numerical simulation, theoretical analysis, etc., the study focused on the fracture and the excess pore water pressure in the overlying strata in the process of extracting no. 8 coal seam firstly and no. 9 coal seam (under no. 8 coal seam) subsequently in no. 8102 working face of Luling coal mine in the north of Anhui Province of China. When no. 8 coal seam was extracted, the water-conducting fractured zone penetrated into the lowermost aquifer and rapid dissipation of excess pore water pressure above the gob occurred, accompanied by relatively high seepage hydraulic gradient over the headgate and the tailgate. When no. 9 coal seam was extracted, failure did not obviously extend upwards and the excess pore water pressure decreased slowly and a relatively high seepage hydraulic gradient transferred downwards from the headgate to the tailgate in the inclined profile. The safe water head (H s) in the lowermost aquifer was confirmed to 15.6 m. Therefore, water and quicksand inrush was avoided effectively in the process of extracting the contiguous coal seams by dewatering, controlling mining height, and laying double resistance nets in the working face. 相似文献
20.
柴达木周缘金属矿床成因类型、成矿规律与成矿系列 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
位处青藏高原东北部、古亚洲构造域与特提斯构造域结合部位的柴达木盆地周缘地区,是一个具有复杂构造演化历史的多旋回复合造山区.同时,该区也是我国重要的、极富潜力的金属成矿带.在综合分析以往多年工作成果基础之上,较系统总结研究了区域成矿地质构造背景、区域构造演化、主要矿床类型、区域成矿规律与成矿系列.结果表明:该区地质构造演化主要经历了前寒武纪古陆形成、早古生代造山、晚古生代—早中生代造山和中新生代叠复造山等4个构造旋回.其中,早古生代和晚古生代—早中生代构造旋回与区内金属成矿关系密切;总结出6个主要矿床成因类型,分属于拉伸裂解构造背景的喷气-沉积矿床组合(包括VMS型、SEDEX型)和与造山过程有关的造山矿床组合(包括斑岩型、矽卡岩型、热液脉型、造山带型金矿等);该区成矿作用具有多期、多矿种和多类型的特点,初步总结划分出5个金属矿床成矿系列,即与新元古代—寒武纪裂解有关的铜多金属矿床成矿系列、与奥陶—志留纪裂解有关的铜钴铅锌多金属矿床成矿系列、与晚加里东陆-陆碰撞有关的金多金属矿床成矿系列、与晚古生代裂解有关的铜多金属矿床成矿系列、与晚华力西—印支期造山有关的铁铜铅锌金多金属矿床成矿系列. 相似文献