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1.
The discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) is a discontinuum‐based method, which employs a penalty method to represent the contact between blocks. The penalty method is easy to be implemented in the program, but the contact constraint is only approximately satisfied. Penetrations between contacting blocks are unavoidable even if the penalty value is very large. To improve the contact precision in the DDA, an augmented Lagrangian method is introduced, which can make use of advantages of both the Lagrangian multiplier method and the penalty method. This paper provides a detailed implementation of the augmented Lagrangian method in the DDA program and compares it with the standard DDA on the computational efficiency and contact precision. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
Coupled bonded particle and lattice Boltzmann method for modelling fluid–solid interaction 
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下载免费PDF全文 This paper presents a two‐dimensional coupled bonded particle and lattice Boltzmann method (BPLBM) developed to simulate the fluid–solid interactions in geomechanics. In this new technique, the bonded particle model is employed to describe the inter‐particle movement and forces, and the bond between a pair of contacting particles is assumed to be broken when the tensile force or tangential force reaches a certain critical value. As a result the fracture process can be delineated based on the present model for the solid phase comprising particles, such as rocks and cohesive soils. In the meantime, the fluid phase is modelled by using the LBM, and the immersed moving boundary scheme is utilized to characterize the fluid–solid interactions. Based on the novel technique case studies have been conducted, which show that the coupled BPLBM enjoys substantially improved accuracy and enlarged range of applicability in characterizing the mechanics responses of the fluid–solid systems. Indeed such a new technique is promising for a wide range of application in soil erosion in Geotechnical Engineering, sand production phenomenon in Petroleum Engineering, fracture flow in Mining Engineering and fracture process in a variety of engineering disciplines. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
网格单元法和地质体单元法是目前运用在矿产预测中最普遍的地质统计方法,2种方法各有优缺点。为了更好地使2种方法扬长避短,以青海省祁漫塔格地区接触交代型铁铜矿床为例,在其找矿预测模型的背景下,运用网格法和地质体法分别进行资源预测;并在运用地质体单元法时,在传统的圈定地质体界限的同时,也对地质体本身进行了网格划分,从而进一步进行证据权的计算,得到后验概率值。2种方法得到的结果较一致,证明新地质体法的可靠性。将预测结果结合地质体分级情况、地质体法和网格法阈值大小综合考虑,圈定出预测远景区,从而划定靶区。预测出的靶区既是找矿后验概率的高值区域,又是成矿最有利的地质体区域。 相似文献
4.
《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(3):221-236
This paper presents a new point-to-face contact algorithm for contacts between two polyhedrons with planar boundaries. A new discrete numerical method called three-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis (3-D DDA) is used and formulations of normal contact submatrices based on the proposed algorithm are derived. The presented algorithm is a simple and efficient method and it can be easily coded into a computer program. This approach does not need to use an iterative algorithm in each time step to obtain the contact plane, unlike the ‘Common-Plane’ method applied in the existing 3-D DDA. In the present 3-D DDA method, block contact constraints are enforced using the penalty method. This approach is quite simple, but may lead to inaccuracies that may be large for small values of the penalty number. The penalty method also creates block contact overlap, which violates the physical constraints of the problem. These limitations are overcome by using the augmented Lagrangian method that is used for normal contacts in this research. This point-to-face contact model has been programmed and some illustrative examples are provided to demonstrate the new contact rule between two blocks. A comparison between results obtained by using the augmented Lagrangian method and the penalty method is presented as well. 相似文献
5.
This is a summing-up report based on 48 papers on the applications of numerical method to soil mechanics. Recently, there is a new development of coupling of finite element with other numerical ones in soil mechanics. The dynamic numerical analyses have found further application to nonlinear stress-strain relationship, effective stress, and three dimensional problems. The suitable contact element or conjunct element could be used for contact conditions in finite element calculation. It is an important direction to combine usual numerical method with probabilistic method, which has been used in evaluations of consolidation effect, slope stability, dam, seepage, deformation calculation, interaction, and the performance analyses of pole and foundation. 相似文献
6.
数值计算方法在土力学中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文是对48篇有关数值方法在土力学方面应用的论文进行综述的报告。近年来,在土力学方面有限元和其它数值方法的耦合有了新的发展,动力分析在非线性应力应变关系、三维问题和有效应力分析中得到了进一步的应用,接触单元或连接单元可用来处理有限元计算时的接触条件。数值方法和概率方法的结合是一个值得重视的发展方向。这些方法可应用于估计固结效应、土坡稳定、土石坝、渗流、变形计算、共同作用、桩和地基性状分析等方面。 相似文献
7.
传统的离散元类数值方法存在处理角-角接触时接触力方向不确定、三维情形时接触计算极其复杂等问题。Munjiza提出的基于势的接触力计算方法很好地解决了这一问题,但同时存在势的物理意义不明确,计算出的接触力与物理直观不符、相同嵌入量计算的接触力大小不一致等问题。在已有研究的基础上,提出了一种基于统一标定的势接触力计算方法,该方法重新定义了势函数,即三角形单元内一点的势与该点到3条边的最短距离成正比。采用这种势函数定义可以对嵌入量进行统一表征。在相同的嵌入量下,计算的接触力大小是一致的,同时保留基于势的接触力计算方法所有优点。新定义的势函数,解决了原有势函数所存在的重大缺陷,只要重叠区域不变,计算的总接触力是不变的,接触力计算具有局部特性,而与划分的三角形单元的整体形状和大小无关,即新的接触力计算方法,具有更好的网格鲁棒性。该方法使得基于势的接触力计算方法建立在坚实的物理基础之上,意义重大。 相似文献
8.
考虑到颗粒形状对粗粒料的力学特性有重大影响,提出了一种新的表征颗粒形状的方法,即在椭圆上随机选取一系列点连接成多边形颗粒,表征狭长扁平的颗粒。新方法较圆上取点的方法能代表更多类型的颗粒形状,适用范围更广。提出了一种新的粗粒料投放算法,即先缩小颗粒,然采用随机算法将缩小的颗粒投放至给定区域,对颗粒划分好网格后,将颗粒放大到原来的大小,然后采用有限元-离散元(FEM/DEM)方法计算稳定后即生成了相应的试样。通过将上述颗粒生成及投放算法与FEM/DEM结合,应用于粗粒料的数值模拟。分析表明,FEM/DEM是研究粗粒料力学性质的较好方法,对复杂的颗粒形状也可简单建模,且因在颗粒内部划分了有限元网格,复杂的接触判断及接触力计算转化为标准统一的三角形和三角形之间的接触判断及接触力计算,所有的计算均可标准化、统一化。同时因为颗粒是可以变形的,依然保留了连续介质力学中应力和应变的概念,无须像PFC那样需通过测量圆来间接表示某点的应力、应变。最后,通过粗粒料的侧限压缩试验的数值模拟,展现了文中提出的一整套解决方案在模拟粗粒料方面的巨大潜力。 相似文献
9.
目前隧道及大型地下工程往往在裂隙岩体中开挖,而裂隙与地下空间的距离及裂隙的扩展条件,制约着隧道及地下工程的稳定性。应用能考虑孔洞和裂纹问题的新型边界积分方程与无网格加辽金法结合,建立一种新型的边界无单元法。在该方法中基本的未知量是由边界上的面力和边界上位移密度函数构成的复变量边界函数 。文中应用的边界积分公式和Muskhelishvili的积分公式直接相关。将无网格构造方法引入新型的边界积分方程,建立了新型的边界无单元法。应用该方法详细分析了含隧道和裂纹间相互关系等问题,其数值结果与解析结果吻合很好,说明该方法的正确性和可行性。 相似文献
10.
In this paper an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) method to solve dynamic problems involving large deformation is presented. This ALE method is based upon the operator-split technique in which the material displacements and mesh displacements are uncoupled. A brief history of the ALE method is first presented and then special issues such as time-stepping, mesh refinement, energy absorbing boundaries, dynamic equilibrium checks and remapping of state variables are explained. The ALE method and the updated-lagrangian (UL) method are then used to analyse some geotechnical problems to examine the significance of inertia effects, large deformation and contact mechanics. The results show the efficiency of the ALE method for solving dynamic geotechnical problems involving large deformation. 相似文献
11.
This paper introduces a new generator algorithm and computer program for 3-D numerical simulation of packing configuration in a granular assemblies composed of ellipsoidal particles of different a/b aspect ratios. Each ellipsoidal particle is approximated by the revolution of an ellipse, formed by four connected arcs, about the major axis passing through its centroid. The centroid co-ordinates, major axis direction and lengths of the major and minor axes are the essential data for the packing generation and associated contact detection. The domain to be filled with particles can be a polyhedron of any shape. The packing program was coded based on a newly proposed scheme which obeys the no interpenetration kinematics of solid bodies. New contact detection algorithms for any two ellipsoids in the packing space were developed. Though simple, these algorithms effectively determine the contact condition and contact point without solving the simultaneous equations of the two ellipsoidal surfaces. Each particle's packing location, contact-point co-ordinates, and three-dimensional graphs can be created using the packing domain given boundaries, along with numbers, and geometrical information of particles to be generated. Simulation results show that this new algorithm provides an effective packing model as a required initial input for analysing the mechanics of granular material. This generation scheme potentially can explore the complex 3-D behaviours of material composed of discrete particles. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
无网格法是近几年来发展的一种新的基于变分原理的数值计算方法,由于在计算形函数中不需要划分网格.在力学、电磁学等领域得到了广泛的研究.基于无网格法在大地电磁勘探正演中的应用进行了研究,首先对无网格法的基本原理进行了阐述,并利用广义变分原理推导出了相应的离散方程,编制了相应的程序,最后通过两个理论模型的计算结果检验了算法的正确性. 相似文献
13.
A smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) framework for three-dimensional dynamic soil-multibody interaction modeling is presented, where both soils and rigid bodies are discretized using SPH particles. In the framework, soils are modeled using the Drucker-Prager model, while rigid bodies are considered with a multibody dynamics solver. A hybrid contact method suitable for three-dimensional simulations is developed to model the soil-body and body-body frictionless and frictional contacts, where contact forces are calculated based on ideal plastic collision and the unit normal/tangential vectors of the actual surface. Owing to its simplicity in contact detection and accuracy in contact force calculation, the hybrid contact method can be easily incorporated into SPH. Furthermore, graphics processing unit (GPU) parallelization is utilized to improve efficiency. The presented numerical framework and the hybrid contact method are validated using several examples. Numerical results are compared with analytical solutions and results from the literature. Furthermore, two three-dimensional simulations involving dynamic soil-multibody interaction are included to demonstrate the application. 相似文献
14.
地质体组合构造分析方法与找矿 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
地质体组合构造分析方法是在地质体形态分类基础上,根据地质体结构的不均衡性所引起的变形和矿化的差异,遵循构造分析的基本原理,对各类地质体的变形机制和破裂形成规律作了初步总结,较系统地归纳了层状地质体的变形规律,是一套全新的构造研究方法。在找矿应用方面,提出了以破裂为导向的后生矿床找矿思维,根据地质体及其组合中的破裂变形规律,可快速评估矿区的资源潜力,在指导找矿方向、判断找矿标志等方面,具有较强的较强的实用性,并具有易掌握、可操作性强、研究周期短等特点。该方法的提出丰富了构造地质学和矿床学的研究方法,具有一定的理论意义。 相似文献
15.
遥感蚀变异常信息对斑岩型铜矿床的有效性——以云南宝兴厂斑岩型铜钼矿床为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
云南宝兴厂铜钼矿床是西南三江成矿带上与富碱斑岩有关的典型斑岩型矿床,产出于金沙江-哀牢山富碱侵入岩带的中部东侧。本文引用基于"广义自相似性"与"局部奇异性"多重分形理论的S-A法,提取了宝兴厂铜钼矿床的石英、钾长石、绢云母、绿泥石和绿帘石等特征蚀变矿物的遥感蚀变异常信息,这些蚀变异常信息由内向外依次出现石英(钾长石)→绢云母→绿帘石(绿泥石)的分布特征,并且多沿北东、北西向展布,呈条带状或环带状分布于侵入岩体的内部或外围附近,与传统经典的硅化(钾化)带→绢英岩化带→青磐岩化带的蚀变分带模式大致相当,但这些遥感蚀变异常信息并不完全出现在出露的侵入体的接触带及其两侧。野外实地验证表明此次获得的遥感蚀变异常信息有较好的矿化指示效果,可以为该地区斑岩型铜钼矿床的进一步找矿提供一定的指导。 相似文献
16.
The notion of overall macroscopic stress in granular masses is examined from a fundamental point of view by a statistical consideration of the contact forces that are transmitted by the contacting granules at the microscale. This examination leads in a natural way to relations between the macroscopic stress and the resulting granular fabric. The overall stresses are expressed in terms of the contact forces in two different but complementary ways: (1) by a statistical averaging over the sample volume of contact forces and “branches” which are vectors connecting the centroids of two contacting granules; and (2) by defining the overall tractions transmitted across an interior imagined plane as the sum of the contact forces which represent the mechanical effect of granules on one side of a unit area of this plane, upon those on the other side. Conditions under which the two representations of overall stresses are equivalent, are examined in detail. In addition, explicit results are given, which, define stresses in terms of the fabric and other microstructural characteristics of the granular mass. 相似文献
17.
A coupled 3‐dimensional bonded discrete element and lattice Boltzmann method for fluid‐solid coupling in cohesive geomaterials 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 This paper presents a 3D bonded discrete element and lattice Boltzmann method for resolving the fluid‐solid interaction involving complicated fluid‐particle coupling in geomaterials. In the coupled technique, the solid material is treated as an assembly of bonded and/or granular particles. A bond model accounting for strain softening in normal contact is incorporated into the discrete element method to simulate the mechanical behaviour of geomaterials, whilst the fluid flow is solved by the lattice Boltzmann method based on kinetic theory and statistical mechanics. To provide a bridge between theory and application, a 3D algorithm of immersed moving boundary scheme was proposed for resolving fluid‐particle interaction. To demonstrate the applicability and accuracy of this coupled method, a benchmark called quicksand, in which particles become fluidised under the driving of upward fluid flow, is first carried out. The critical hydraulic gradient obtained from the numerical results matches the theoretical value. Then, numerical investigation of the performance of granular filters generated according to the well‐acknowledged design criteria is given. It is found that the proposed 3D technique is promising, and the instantaneous migration of the protected soils can be readily observed. Numerical results prove that the filters which comply with the design criteria can effectively alleviate or eliminate the appearance of particle erosion in dams. 相似文献
18.
通过对太行山南段平顺铁矿矿区构造特征及岩浆岩的动力学分析研究,认为第一岩浆岩带属于被动侵位机制,岩体内部成矿潜力较大;第二岩浆岩带为主动侵位机制,背斜核部及岩体与围岩的接触部位为有利成矿区。同时根据岩石、矿石的稀土元素、微量元素、Pb同位素特征及矿体与岩体的关系,认为晚期闪长岩是主要的成矿母岩,但早期基性—超基性岩间接为铁矿的形成提供了一定的物质来源;矿体的形态明显受到接触面及周边构造形态的控制,呈不规则板状、透镜状、分枝状、羽状分布。最后运用矿体成矿规律、磁异常、电法异常等找矿预测方法,在研究区内圈出了龙降沟岩体南缘、双井、东郊3个找矿预测区。 相似文献
19.
通过定义距离势函数,提出一种适用于空间任意凸多面体单元的三维距离势函数离散单元法。该方法采用归一化的计算方式,将势函数表征为接触体间的距离函数,并基于此建立接触力计算方程,明确了势函数的物理意义,使接触力计算更加合理,无需对各种可能的接触形式进行差异化处理。新方法克服了原有势函数物理意义不明、接触力计算受单元形式影响等重要缺陷,并突破了四面体单元的限制,可采用空间任意凸多面体单元。通过若干算例说明新方法的正确性和有效性。数值模拟结果表明新方法能够很好处理空间任意多面体单元复杂接触变换过程,准确处理复杂非连续介质的运动过程。 相似文献