共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
为准确判别矿柱稳定性情况,综合考虑矿柱形状特征量、力学状态量和力学极限量3类指标,选取矿柱宽度、矿柱高度、矿柱宽高比、矿柱约束、矿柱摩擦系数、矿柱应力、矿岩单轴抗压强度、矿柱强度共8个特征作为识别指标,利用独立成分分析旋转森林(ICA-RoF)算法逆构特征指标与矿柱状态之间的非线性映射关系,建立一种基于ICA-RoF算法的矿柱稳定性判别模型。结合工程实例,以150组矿柱样本数据进行训练,采用40次5折交叉验证算法获得最佳模型参数,以剩余12组样本数据对该模型进行检验,并与主成分分析旋转森林算法(PCA-RoF)、CART决策树算法(CDT)和高斯过程分类算法(GPC)进行比较。研究结果表明:ICA-RoF判别模型精度高、泛化能力强,在显著性水平α=0.05的情况下,ICA-RoF明显优于PCA-RoF、CDT和GPC。 相似文献
2.
矿柱宽度和充填体自立高度是阶段嗣后充填顺利实施的重要影响因素。基于弹性力学平面应变基本假设,建立阶段嗣后胶结充填体矿柱力学模型并进行理论求解。以某铁矿为工程分析实例,采用控制变量法（CVM）研究矿柱不同宽度、高度条件下,水平应力和剪应力的变化规律。研究表明：矿房极限宽度和高度分别为19.8 m和103.2 m。胶结充填体矿柱水平应力随矿柱高度的增高而逐渐增大;剪应力在矿柱中心位置达到最大,且高度越大,剪应力值也越大。在胶结充填体矿柱与非胶结充填体接触侧剪应力趋于定值。矿柱宽度分别为15、18、20 m时,其剪应力分别为243.8、292.6、325.1 kPa。而产生剪应力的主要原因是非胶结充填体受水平应力作用在与胶结充填体矿柱接触面产生滑动摩擦力所致。 相似文献
3.
4.
William G. Pariseau 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1981,5(4):429-447
A simple algorithm (PILLR) for obtaining by two-dimensional analysis thee essential results that would be obtained in an actual three-dimensional finite element analysis of stress about mine pillars in flat-laying stratified rock is presented. A series of comparisons between the distributions of the local factor of safety calculated from the results of three-dimensional analysis and that obtained in the PILLR two-dimensional analyses for pillars of length/width ratio ranging from 0.33 to 8.0 shows the algorithm to be quite effective. The average vertical stress over the horizontal mid-plane of the pillar in the PILLR two-dimensional analyses is always within 0.5 per cent of the exact average; the local safety factor distribution is always within 10 per cent of the three-dimensional result. The ratio of the computer core x time product for the 2D' to 3D analyses is approimately 1/150. Additional improvements ard possible, although with the current PILLR algorithm 3D analyses require less than 1 minute for execution. This fact makes technically sound 3D mine pillar design analyses economically feasible on a routine basis. 相似文献
5.
条带开采煤柱稳定性的试验模拟与数值分析——以山东省济宁市太平煤矿为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以山东省济宁市太平煤矿为例，采用煤柱模拟试验和数值分析手段，对薄基岩条带开采时所留设煤柱的应力应变状态、煤柱强度结构及煤柱长期稳定性进行了深入的分析与研究，揭示了煤柱稳定性及煤柱应力分布与条采尺寸、采出率、覆岩特征的相互关系，进行了条带煤柱的稳定性评价，为工程实践提供了理论依据。 相似文献
6.
Huaizhan Li Guangli Guo Jianfeng Zha Yan He Zhiyong Wang Shuangyu Qin 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(20):704
We studied an underground coal gasification technique using strip mining-face mining gasifier controlled retraction injection technology (SMFM). This green mining approach offers several advantages over conventional strip mining but the stress distribution and stability of SMFM operations remain largely untested. In particular, hyperbolic coking pillars are used in SMFM compared with rectangular pillars used in traditional strip mining, which can influence the ultimate bearing capacity and stability. We use numerical simulations to investigate the influence of different factors (arch height, pillar height and width, mechanical characteristics), under the coupling effect of high temperature, on the ultimate bearing capacity of hyperbolic pillars. Our results indicate that arch height has a strong influence on pillar stress, while changes in pillar width and height are less significant. A stability evaluation method is proposed and tested on a case study in Inner Mongolia. Our theoretical results have practical significance for the promotion and application of SMFM. 相似文献
7.
A relatively novel technique, artificial neural networks (ANN), is used in predicting the stability of crown pillars left over large excavations. Data for the training and verification of the networks were obtained from the literature. Four artificial networks, based on two different architectures, were used. The networks used different numbers of input parameters to predict the stability or failure of crown pillars. Multi‐layer perceptron networks using mine type, dip of orebody, overburden thickness, pillar thickness, pillar length, stope height, backfill height, Rock Mass Rating (RMR) of the host rock and RMR of the orebody showed excellent performance in training and verification. Adding three more variables, namely pillar width, rock density and pillar thickness to width ratio, showed symptoms of over‐learning without degrading performance significantly. Radial basis function networks were capable of predicting crown pillar behaviour on the basis of few input functions. It was shown that mine type, dip and pillar thickness to width ratio can be used for a preliminary estimation of stability. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
A number of pillars are left developed in some of the Chinese metal mines due to careless mining and lack of proper planning. There are pillars in such mines which do not contribute much in supporting the covered rock mass. Re-exploitation of these standing (non-supporting) pillars can be an efficient method for resource recovery if the remaining pillars ensure the stability of the covered host rock. In this study, a tungsten mine in Jiangxi Province, China, was chosen as a case for studying this pillar recovery scheme. Based on accurate in situ stress measurement data in the original and disturbed host rock, the storage energy in the rock mass could be estimated by numerical simulation methods. After comparing the storage energy to the sum of the fractured energy consumption and friction energy consumption (obtained from lab tests), the recyclable pillars can be identified by a cyclic judgment programming process. 相似文献
9.
Superiority of neural networks for pillar stress prediction in bord and pillar method 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Estimation of pillar stress is a crucial task in underground mining. This is used to determine pillar dimensions, room width, roof conditions, and general mine layout. There are several methods for estimating induced stresses due to underground excavations, i.e., empirical methods, numerical solutions, and currently artificial intelligence (AI). AI based techniques are gradually gaining popularity especially for problems involving uncertainty. In this paper, an attempt has been made to predict stresses developed in the pillars of bord and pillar mining using artificial neural network. A comparison has also been done to compare the obtained results with the boundary element method as well as measured field values. For this purpose, a multilayer perceptron neural network model was developed. A number of architectures with different hidden layers and neurons were tried to get the best solution, and the architecture 5-20-8-1 was found to be an optimum solution. Sensitivity analysis was also carried out to understand the influence of important input parameters on pillar stress concentration. 相似文献
10.
Chandrani P. Verma John Loui Porathur N. R. Thote P. Pal Roy S. Karekal 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2014,32(2):587-599
Pillar design is of paramount importance to any underground mine design. Oversized pillars may lead to loss of coal while undersized pillars may lead to instability. While underground pillars are mostly square and rectangular, highwall mining pillars are long and narrow, as they are formed after driving parallel entries in the seam from the highwall. These pillars are termed as web pillars. The overall stability of highwall depends upon these pillars as no other supports are provided in the entries. Web pillar differs from usual coal pillars in respect of w/h ratio being <3.0, with an exceptionally longer length compared to its width, to the tune of 50–500 m. Several empirical coal pillar strength equations developed for rectangular pillars are still being used with some modifications to adapt to web pillars. Review and analysis of these empirical approaches for determining web pillar strength along with a numerical approach for web pillar design are discussed in this paper. Their application to some Indian case studies is also discussed. 相似文献
11.
The study of rock pillar failure mechanisms is an issue that is faced routinely in mining and civil industries. In mining operation, the establishment of several mining levels is often necessary to ensure adequate production. This result in the formation of pillars that must be recovered under often high stress conditions at later stages of excavation. It is, therefore, beneficial to develop guidelines that can be used in the design of rock pillars. The aim of this paper is to delve into the mechanisms involved in pillar failure as well as to investigate the non-linear behavior of rock pillars. An extensive numerical analysis was carried out to study the pillar deformation and failure process under natural loading conditions. Effects of pillar geometry and pillar strength parameters on pillar behavior were investigated for hard rock material typical of Canadian mining conditions. Numerical data were compared against field data recorded in Canadian mines. A fairly good match was achieved between numerical and field data and the conducted analysis can be used as a qualitative guideline in the design of rock pillars in underground structures. 相似文献
12.
Shun Pang Xu Xiaoding Zhou Yuejin Zang Guchun Wang Jun 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2021,39(6):4377-4391
According to the structure form of room and pillar goaf in gypsum mine, the mechanical model of pillar roof composite supporting structure was established in this research. Based on the cusp catastrophe theory and energy dissipation theory, the energy dissipation relationship of the support structure was analyzed, and a new instability criterion of the support system was derived by introducing the control parameters α and β. On this basis, the study of blasting caving was carried out. The influence of row spacing and hole depth on blasting caving was analyzed using ANSYS/LS DYNA software. The blasting influence range, stress wave attenuation and vibration velocity attenuation indices are obtained, and the blasting parameters such as the optimal distance and depth of blast holes between pillars and roof were optimized. Based on the results of theoretical analysis and numerical, combined with the engineering geological conditions of Dahan gypsum mine, the practical study of blasting caving was carried out. The caving scheme and caving sequence was determined, then the blasting caving effect was analyzed. The caving effect was found to be good, and the applicability of the theoretical model is verified.
相似文献13.
This paper described a technique for obtaining three-dimensional mine design information using a two-dimensional finite element program where the mining geometry consists of an extensive array of underground rooms and pillars. The technique is based upon a simple augmentation of forces in a two-dimensional analysis to produce the same average pillar stress that would occur in a full three dimensional analysis. Detailed comparisons between a three-dimensional analysis, a two-dimensional analysis (plane stress and plane strain) and an augmented two-dimensional analysis (also plane stress and plane strain) of stress about a typical coal mine pillar are presented. A local factor of safety is defined and then mapped over the pillar midplane, the immediate roof and immediate floor using the results from the full three-dimensional analysis. Comparisons of roof and pillar safety factor distributions obtained by the three-dimensional, two-dimensional and augmented two-dimensional analyses show that the minimum safety factors in the pillar (at the pillar sides) are predicted quite closely by the augmented two-dimensional techniqe (plane stress). The same is true of the immediate roof, although the three-dimensional safety factor tends to be higher in the roof (over the room) than that calculated by the augmented twodimensional technique. The augmented loading procedure appears to hold considerable promise as a very efficient and cost reducing techniqe for mine pillar design. 相似文献
14.
S. Y. Wang S. W. Sloan M. L. Huang C. A. Tang 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2011,44(2):179-198
Using a numerical modelling code, rock failure process analysis, 2D, the progressive failure process and associated acoustic
emission behaviour of serial and parallel rock samples were simulated. Both serial- and parallel sample models are presented
for investigating the mechanism of rock pillar failure. As expected, the numerical results show that not only the stiffness,
but also the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock plays an important role in pillar instability. For serial pillars,
the elastic rebound of a rock pillar with higher uniaxial compressive strength can lead to the sudden failure of an adjacent
rock pillar with lower uniaxial compressive strength. The failure zone forms and develops in the pillar with lower uniaxial
compressive strength; however, the failure zone does not pass across the interface of the two pillars. In comparison, when
two pillars have the same uniaxial compressive strengths but different elastic moduli, both serial pillars fail, and the failure
zone in the two pillars can interact, passing across the interface and entering the other pillar. For parallel pillars, damage
always develops in the pillar having the lower uniaxial compressive strength or lower elastic modulus. Furthermore, in accordance
with the Kaiser effect, the stress-induced damage in a rock pillar is irreversible, and only when the previous stress state
in the failed rock pillar is exceeded or the subsequent applied energy is larger than the energy released by the external
loading will further damage continue to occur. In addition, the homogeneity index of rock also can affect the failure modes
of parallel pillars, even though the uniaxial compressive strength and stiffness of each pillar are the same. 相似文献
15.
Qi Wang Hongke Gao Bei Jiang Shucai Li Manchao He Dechao Wang Wei Lu Qian Qin Song Gao Hengchang Yu 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(21):466
Driving roadway along a goaf is commonly adopted for mining face of thick seam in a deep mine. Determining a reasonable width of coal pillar is a key scientific problem for driving roadway along a goaf in a deep mine. The paper took a roadway driven along a goaf at Zhaolou coal mine which is a typical kilometer-deep mine in China as engineering background. Field monitoring, model test, and numerical experiment are conducted. Stress and displacement evolution mechanism are analyzed with different pillar widths. The test results show that with the increase of coal pillar width, the peak stress value at the coal pillar working slope and integrated coal beside the roadway increases firstly and then tends to be stable, its position is transferred to the side of the roadway, and the deformation of coal pillar decreases gradually during roadway excavation. The coal pillar deformation and roadway vertical displacement increased as the coal pillar width increases under high abutment pressure. In order to reduce the waste of non-renewable resources and meet the requirements of bearing capacity and stability of coal pillars, a method is proposed for setting a reasonable width of coal pillars and the specific width of coal pillars is designed and applied in engineering practices based on the above research. All the tests are significant in the study of driving roadway along a goaf in a deep mine. 相似文献
16.
采前煤柱稳定性研究是工作面冲击危险性评估和开采方案设计的关键。以山东某矿深井巨厚砾岩条件工作面开采遗留煤柱为背景,采用案例调研、理论分析、数值模拟和工程实践等方法,对巨厚岩层-煤柱协同变形机制及其煤柱稳定性进行了研究,建立了巨厚岩层-煤柱协同变形的简化力学模型,探讨了引起煤柱变形的主要应力来源和变形形式,推导了在协同变形条件下煤柱的应力-应变关系。以此为基础,综合煤柱煤体应力、围岩稳定性和变形特征等条件,提出了煤柱整体失稳的力学判据。研究结果表明：巨厚岩层-煤柱失稳诱发冲击与煤柱的位置、尺寸和上覆岩层运动或变形关系密切,上覆岩层运动或变形是诱发煤柱失稳的动力因素;巨厚岩层-煤柱的变形主要包括受集中力F压迫的协同挠曲压缩变形和受集中力G作用的重力沉降变形,二者保持内在协调性;巨厚岩层下煤柱整体失稳的工程判据为煤柱煤体平均支承应力p超过其平均极限支承强度Rc（p≥Rc）;评估得到遗留的50 m煤柱具有强冲击危险性,并通过优化开采设计,取得了良好的效果。该研究成果对相似条件煤柱留设及其稳定性分析具有参考意义。 相似文献
17.
煤柱-顶板系统协同作用的脆性失稳与非线性演化机制 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10
把坚硬顶板视为弹性梁,把煤柱视为应变软化介质并采用W e ibu ll分布描述它的损伤本构模型,本文对坚硬顶板和煤柱组成的力学系统,用突变理论方法研究了它的演化失稳过程。通过对建立的尖点突变模型的分析发现,系统失稳主要取决于系统的刚度比k与材料的均匀性或脆性指标m值,并给出了失稳的充要条件力学判据和失稳突跳量的表达式。考虑煤柱介质的粘性或蠕变性,建立了系统演化的非线性动力学模型物理预报模型,并给出了根据顶板沉降观测数据反演非线性动力学模型的方法和稳定性判别准则。对木城涧矿根据观测序列进行了动力学模型的反演分析,一个重要发现是:D值在临近失稳时陡增出现峰值而后急剧下降。根据材料损伤与声发射累计计数的对应关系,建立了系统演化过程中声发射率的动力学模型,并进行了声发射模拟分析和分维分析,发现m值与系统的演化路径对系统演化的声发射活动规律及分维特征有重要影响,单纯根据声发射监测和降维现象预报冲击地压是不可靠的。 相似文献
18.
The aging of gypsum in underground mines 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The aging properties of gypsum extracted from two underground mines in France (Livry–Gargan and Grozon) have been highlighted by means of observation performed using scanning electron microscopy on samples taken along horizontal boreholes drilled through to the middle of several pillars. The aging process is exhibited by the presence of traces of dissolution (edges of the dissolved crystals, corroded crystalline surfaces, important intra- and intercrystalline space). These dissolution figures decrease in number and in intensity from the wall heading towards the middle of the pillar. The “older” pillars display a greater number of dissolution traces than the “more recent” pillars. Then, the role of the aging has been assessed by determining various physical and mechanical parameters on cylindrical samples of 38 mm in diameter and 76 mm in height, machined from the set of drilled boreholes. The following parameters have been quantified: density, grains density, total porosity, porosity accessible to water, intrinsic permeability to nitrogen, velocity of ultrasonic compression and shear waves, dynamic Young's modulus, dynamic Poisson's ratio, uniaxial compressive strength and static Young's modulus. Significant variations in parameter values between the wall and the middle of the pillar were recorded and recognized as being strongly correlated with the intensity of dissolution traces, and hence with gypsum aging. 相似文献
19.
选取某煤矿近距离煤层为工程背景,采用FLAC3D模拟了8#煤层残余煤柱底板偏应力场分布特征。结果表明：（1）底板的偏应力呈扩散状向底板传递,距离煤柱越远扩散范围越广,煤柱边缘偏应力呈45°向底板传播;（2）煤柱较窄时,中线和边缘处偏应力影响深度浅,随煤柱宽度增加,底板偏应力变化和影响深度较大,当煤柱宽度足够大时,影响深度又变浅,中部趋于原岩应力;（3）同一水平面上,偏应力呈马鞍状分布,随煤柱宽度增加,煤柱中线处和边缘处偏应力经历了先增大后减小的过程,煤柱边缘处偏应力峰值位置变化不大;（4）同一煤柱宽度,煤柱边缘偏应力峰值向深部递减且趋势减慢,同时,峰值远离煤柱且趋势加快。在自由边界受均布载荷、底板垂直应力、水平应力、切应力解析解的基础上,推导了底板偏应力解析公式,解析与模拟结果基本吻合。具体到该工程的地质条件,9205轨道巷距离煤柱边缘20 m、9205回风巷在煤柱边缘、9205运输巷在煤柱中线处,9205轨道巷维护效果最好,证明了内错式巷道且距离煤柱足够远时,偏应力较小,宏观应力环境更适合巷道围岩自稳。 相似文献
20.
利用有限差分程序FLAC建立连续和并排的两类非均质矿柱模型,对矿柱在动力载荷循环作用下的破坏过程进行全时程动力分析。将加卸载响应比(LURR)理论引入矿柱动力稳定性分析中,以施加的动力载荷对矿柱作用的周期性变化作为加载量,以矿柱特征点的位移变化和破坏单元的弹性应变能的演化规律作为响应参数,建立矿柱的加卸载响应比模型,确定矿柱在动力载荷作用期间的加卸载响应比时间序列。计算结果表明,矿柱整体上处于稳定状态和趋于失稳时,其加卸载响应比Y值表现出不同的特征,通过对Y值的分析对矿柱的稳定状态进行评价,预测是否临近峰值承载能力,表明在矿柱动力破裂过程数值模拟分析中引入加卸载响应比是矿柱破坏力学行为研究的一种方便而有效的方法。 相似文献