共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 604 毫秒
1.
本文介绍了三轴压缩下花岗岩试件内阶梯形错动面凸起部位破裂过程和失稳型式的实验。结果显示,当差应力量值(σ_1—σ_3)达到0.15—0.17(σ_1—σ_3)。(试件发生首次粘滑时的峰值应力)时,在阶梯形凸起的底部发生宏观破裂,其应力—位移关系呈线性变化,且破裂随应力量值的增加而继续扩展。在(σ_1-σ_3)≥0.3(σ_1-σ_3)c时,发生破裂贯通,凸起被剪断。断裂面上次级凹凸体发育。当(σ_1-σ_3)(?)(σ_1-σ_3)c时,原阶梯形错动面被铲平,其后沿该面发生了伴随大应力降和强烈振动的突发性失稳。上述结果表明,在断层滑动过程中,断层面上的凹凸体破裂直至被铲平的过程仅能导致微震、前震和声发射等事件的发生,而主震则系由平直断裂的粘滑引起的。 相似文献
2.
运用固体传压介质岩石三轴试验装置模拟震源失稳振动过程，采取多点布设电阻应变片的方法，对试件突发失稳振动行为及其在试件－压机系统中的传播过程进行观测，测试结果为：应力振动的初动半周期平均约为０．１１ｍｓ，与岩石类型，周压及应力降等因素无关，振幅逐渐衰减；在试件－压机系统中，振动波从试件错动面处向外传播，其速度约为３．３０ｍ／ｍｓ；在失稳初动半周期内，振动波向试件以上传播的距离为３６３ｍｍ，传播的范围 相似文献
3.
4.
应用双剪法对滇西地震实验场岩石的摩擦滑动特性进行了研究。实验的岩石有花岗岩、玄武岩、正长岩和片麻岩。实验的正应力为10—40MPa。实验表明,花岗岩、玄武岩和正长岩三种岩石,当正应力为10MPa时发生稳滑,当正应力超过10MPa时发生粘滑。稳滑与粘滑过程均出现位移强化现象。片麻岩当正应力为10MPa时发生稳滑,当正应力超过10MPa时样品未滑动而发生破裂。摩擦强度值比Byerlee定律的值稍低。与济南辉长岩相比,滇西三种岩石粘滑发生时的平均应力降较低,平均错距较小,平均重复周期较短。花岗岩粘滑前声发射率明显增加,玄武岩与正长岩粘滑前声发射率变化不明显。 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
我们对含水岩石进行了双剪摩擦滑动实验。所用样品为济南辉长岩、周口店石灰岩,小浪底砂岩和点苍山大理岩。本实验得到的主要结果表明,水的存在增大了岩石的摩擦强度,减小了粘滑时的应力降和错距,促进了位移强化效应。这说明水对岩石摩擦的影响是一个复杂的问题。还应深入地研究。 相似文献
8.
正地震预报要取得防灾减灾实效,关键在于短—临预报。亚失稳是断层失稳前区域应力由积累为主转变为释放为主的关键阶段,也是断层从稳定到失稳的最后阶段。马瑾等(2012,2014)讨论了震前应力积累、应力—时间过程中偏离线性、峰值后亚失稳态3个阶段的不同特点,总结失稳错动是由断层各部位独立活动向协同化活动的转化过程, 相似文献
9.
10.
岩石破裂扩展过程中的声发射b值动态特征及意义 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
利用多道声发射（ＡＥ）采集系统记录了不同构造的岩石试件变形破坏过程中的ＡＥ全波形，由扫描算法求得试件变形全过程的ＡＥｂ值动态曲线；根据变化幅度和演化方式，将ＡＥｂ值曲线分为山脊线状和台阶状两类；经与应力－应变时程曲线及试件破裂特征对比，发现山脊线状和台阶状ＡＥｂ值曲线分别对应于较均匀岩石试件的渐进式稳态破裂扩展和含扁平状非均匀构造岩石试件的突发式失稳破裂扩展，后者的破裂状态及其转变可用破裂相和相变来描述 相似文献
11.
针对单层厂房桥式吊车起吊重物时对排架下柱造成冲击的现状,基于振动力学理论,分析垂直动载环境下吊车梁及下柱体组合体系的振动特征,得到下柱垂直位移的动态响应数学表达式,显示振动位移出现两次突增,其中第一次突增伴随位移方向的突跃性改变,成为下柱的最剧烈振动,整个振动持续时间约5.5s。结合具体算例探索相关因素对下柱位移的影响规律,发现增大柱体材质的粘滞系数、弹性模量以及动载衰减系数,可缩短振动时间、降低位移振幅、推迟乃至消除二次位移峰值;而增大起吊重量对振动时间不产生影响,但会使振幅显著增加。在此基础上,以垂直动载对振动系统作功为势函数,采用尖点突变理论建立下柱稳定性状态的判别式,并结合示例阐明通过判别式预测系统稳定时任一参量的方法。 相似文献
12.
研制出一种新的防排水结构层用以控制膨胀土路基的含水率变化,从而达到对新建云—桂高速铁路膨胀土地段整治的目的。本文采用FLAC~(3D)有限差分软件研究该新型路堑基床结构(基床中设置新型防排水结构层)在列车荷载作用下动力响应规律,并利用现场试验结果对数值研究结果进行验证。研究表明:新型基床中道砟和新型防排水结构层对动应力衰减贡献较大;新型防排水结构层对竖向动应力、剪应力衰减作用明显,增强了基床结构的动力稳定性;新型基床结构能够更有效地控制基床的动位移;新型基床中振动速度和加速度随深度的增加而减小,道砟对振动速度和加速度的衰减作用明显。新型路堑基床结构振动速度和动应力的现场实测与数值分析规律基本一致,且实测值与计算值大小相近。研究成果可为特殊土地区高速铁路基床的设计、施工及其动力响应研究提供参考。 相似文献
13.
14.
A SUPER-DYNAMIC DEFORMATION MEASUREMENT SYSTEM WITH LONG-TIME PARALLEL CONTINUOUS ACQUISITION 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 In the simulation experiments of earthquakes in laboratory, the instability slip or rupture events are obtained through steady state loading to simulate earthquake processes. In the experiments, steady-state deformation and unstable sliding occur alternately. It is hard to determine the origin time and duration of the instability event of fault, and there may be many instability events in one experiment. Therefore, in order to ensure that sufficient data is obtained at the extremely short instability moment to analyze the mechanical process of the earthquake source, the data acquisition system is required to continuously collect data at high-speed from the beginning of the experiment until the end, and the lasting time can be more than ten hours, so it requires huge storage space. Although the upper frequency limit of the instability signal is unknown exactly, but the previous experiments have shown that the frequency of the signal will reach hundred to several kilohertz, so the sampling frequency of the data acquisition should be above megahertz. In this case of long-time continuous high-frequency data acquisition, it is still necessary to maintain a high signal-to-noise ratio. Furthermore, previous studies have proved that the source mechanics field has a complex spatial structure, which is difficult to describe with a few measuring points, and it is necessary to perform simultaneous measurements of the source mechanics field for dozens or more measuring points. The combination of long-term continuous recording, high-resolution high-frequency sampling and multi-point simultaneous measurement poses a huge challenge to the technical indicators of the observing system. With the method for composing distributed synchronous acquisition machine group by using multiple high-resolution high-frequency sampling computers, a super dynamic deformation measurement system of high signal-to-noise ratio, which features 64-channel, 16-bit resolution, 4MHz sampling frequency, and parallel continuous acquisition with tens of hours was developed. This system can realize the synchronous acquisition of various signals, such as strain, acoustic emission, electromagnetic waves and displacement, so it is convenient for analyzing the conversion relationship between various physical quantities. 相似文献
15.
在与主压应力方向斜交的断层上,正应力与剪应力之间存在线性相关关系,以此为基础导出了小扰动条件下决定稳定性的临界刚度与滑动速率的关系。由于这一关系具有临界刚度随滑动速率增加而减小的特点,因此速率增加可能导致周期性粘滑向稳定滑动转化,而速率减小可能使本来稳定的滑动转化为周期性粘滑过程。在这种斜交断层中,速率增加虽然可能抑制周期性粘滑,但是稳滑时超过一定限度的速率增加会导致一次性不稳定滑动。三轴摩擦实验提供了关于粘滑与稳滑可相互转化的支持证据 相似文献
16.
地震激励作用下,柔性的锚杆支护体系与刚性的滑体合而为一,刚柔并济,协调系统位移与应力,主动抗震抗滑。基于以上优势,锚固边坡在高烈度地区广泛应用,其动力稳定性也成为近年来岩土工程领域研究的热点。通过分析锚固边坡的浅表动力效应、锚固体的动力响应、锚固体的破坏模式、锚固体的抗震机理及设计方法等4个方面发现,浅表动力效应研究和锚固体的动力响应分析研究成果相对较多、较成熟,但大都局限于位移、加速度、应力等单因素的分析,并没有具体到整个系统的动力响应过程;指出今后的研究方向更应趋向于整个锚固系统的动力响应过程、抗震机理及抗震设计理论,才能更好地为工程服务。 相似文献
17.
土石混合滑坡体地表地形复杂,土、石混杂堆积,结构松散,探测难度大,目前尚缺乏有效的物探手段.本文首次尝试将小台阵二维微动剖面探测技术应用于衡阳市拜殿乡的土石混合滑坡体探测.探测结果揭示,该滑坡体上部为砂质黏性土层,含块石较多;下为全风化花岗岩层,岩性较为均匀,块石含量少,其顶部为该滑坡体潜在的滑动面.滑动面在滑坡体后缘较陡、中部较为平缓,从而后缘的重力失稳、滑动风险更大.滑坡体的滑床（中-强风化花岗岩、微-未风化花岗岩）埋深在10 m以下,起伏变化较大,但岩体相对致密、完整,稳定性好,不易滑动.探测结果与钻探资料较为吻合,为评价滑坡体稳定性、设计合理的治理方案提供了地球物理依据. 相似文献
18.
An understanding of the frictional sliding on faults that can lead to earthquakes requires a knowledge of both constitutive behavior of the sliding surfaces and its mechanical interaction with the loading system. We have determined the constitutive parameters for frictional sliding of initially bare surfaces of Westerly granite, using a recently developed high pressure rotary shear apparatus that allows long distances of sliding and therefore a greater assurance of attaining steady state behavior. From experiments conducted at room temperature and normal stresses of 27–84 MPa several important results have been found. (1) A gouge layer 100 to 200 m thick was developed from the initially bare rock surfaces after 18 to 70 mm of sliding. (2) The steady state frictional resistance, attained after about 10 mm of sliding, is proportional to the negative of the logarithm of the sliding velocity. (3) Abrup changes in the velocity of sliding result in initial changes in the frictional resistance, which have the same sign as the velocity change, and are followed by a gradual decay to a new steady state value over a characteristic distance of sliding. This velocity weakening behavior is essentially identical with that found by several previous workers on the same material at lower normal stress. (4) Our results are well described by a two state variable constitutive law. The values of the constitutive parameters are quite similar to those found previously at low normal stress, but the characteristic distance is about an order of magnitude smaller than that found at 10 MPa normal stress with thicker layers of coarser gouge. (5) We have approximated our results with a one state variable constitutive law and compared the results with the predictions of existing nonlinear stability analysis; in addition, we have extended the stability analysis to systems possessing two state variables. With such formulations good agreement is found between the experimentally observed and theoretically predicted transitions between stable and unstable sliding. These results allow a better understanding of the instabilities that lead to earthquakes. 相似文献