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1.
Alexey Nikolaevich Morozov Natalya V. Vaganova Vladimir E. Asming Yana V. Konechnaya Zinaida A. Evtyugina 《Journal of Seismology》2018,22(5):1171-1209
We have relocated seismic events registered within the Barents and Kara sea region from early twentieth century to 1989 with a view to creating a relocated catalog. For the relocation, we collected all available seismic bulletins from the global network using data from the ISC Bulletin (International Seismological Centre), ISC-GEM project (International Seismological Centre–Global Earthquake Model), EuroSeismos project, and by Soviet seismic stations from Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The location was performed by applying a modified method of generalized beamforming. We have considered several travel time models and selected one with the best location accuracy for ground truth events. Verification of the modified method and selection of the travel time model were performed using data on four nuclear explosions that occurred in the area of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago and in the north of the European part of Russia. The modified method and the Barents travel time model provide sufficient accuracy for event location in the region. The relocation procedure was applied to 31 of 36 seismic events registered within the Barents and Kara sea region. 相似文献
2.
Improving Regional Seismic Event Location in China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
L.K. Steck A.A. Velasco A.H. CogbillL H.J. Patton 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2001,158(1-2):211-240
—?In an effort to improve our ability to locate seismic events in China using only regional data, we have developed empirical propagation path corrections and applied such corrections using traditional location routines. Thus far, we have concentrated on corrections to observed P arrival times for crustal events using travel-time observations available from the USGS Earthquake Data Reports, the International Seismic Centre Bulletin, the preliminary International Data Center Reviewed Event Bulletin, and our own travel-time picks from regional data. Location ground truth for events used in this study ranges from 25?km for well-located teleseimic events, down to 2?km for nuclear explosions located using satellite imagery. We also use eight events for which depth is constrained using several waveform methods. We relocate events using the EvLoc algorithm from a region encompassing much of China (latitude 20°–55°N; longitude 65°–115°E). We observe that travel-time residuals exhibit a distance-dependent bias using IASPEI91 as our base model. To remedy this bias, we have developed a new 1-D model for China, which removes a significant portion of the distance bias. For individual stations having sufficient P-wave residual data, we produce a map of the regional travel-time residuals from all well-located teleseismic events. Residuals are used only if they are smaller than 10?s in absolute value and if the seismic event is located with accuracy better than 25?km. From the residual data, correction surfaces are constructed using modified Bayesian kriging. Modified Bayesian kriging offers us the advantage of providing well-behaved interpolants and their errors, but requires that we have adequate error estimates associated with the travel-time residuals from which they are constructed. For our P-wave residual error estimate, we use the sum of measurement and modeling errors, where measurement error is based on signal-to-noise ratios when available, and on the published catalog estimate otherwise. Our modeling error originates from the variance of travel-time residuals for our 1-D China model. We calculate propagation path correction surfaces for 74 stations in and around China, including six stations from the International Monitoring System. The statistical significance of each correction surface is evaluated using a cross-validation technique. We show relocation results for nuclear tests from the Balapan and Lop Nor test sites, and for earthquakes located using interferometric synthetic aperture radar. These examples show that the use of propagation path correction surfaces in regional relocations eliminates distance bias in the residual curves and significantly improves the accuracy and precision of seismic event locations. 相似文献
3.
4.
Felix Borleanu Mihaela Popa Mircea Radulian Johannes Schweitzer 《Journal of Seismology》2011,15(3):431-442
The BURAR seismic array, located in Northern Romania (Bucovina region), is designed to monitor events located in an area poorly
covered by other existing seismic stations. In order to use the BURAR array for single-station locations, it is crucial to
calibrate the azimuth and slowness parameters, which are currently used in array techniques to locate earthquakes, blasts
or nuclear explosions. The goal of this study is to apply “f–k” and plane wave fit techniques in order to constrain the slowness
and azimuth parameters at BURAR for teleseismic, regional and local events. The analysis was carried out using P and S waves
recorded for events occurred between 2004 and 2008 within a radius of 50° around BURAR. The azimuth values obtained applying
both methods strongly deviated from the theoretical values for regions like Central Turkey, Bulgaria, Dodecanese Islands and
other parts of Greece, while the ray parameter deviations with respect to a 1-D IASP91 reference model are less significant.
For the local events, the anomalies are smaller, except the particular case of Vrancea intermediate-depth earthquakes for
which strong azimuth deviations (33.5°), both positive and negative, are observed. We investigate how these systematic deviations
in azimuth are explained by the structure lateral heterogeneities which characterize the study region. 相似文献
5.
In this paper, we developed a specialized method to locate small aftershocks using a small-aperture temporary seismic array.
The array location technique uses the first P arrival times to determine the horizontal slowness vector of the incoming P wave, then combines it with S–P times to determine the event location. In order to reduce the influence of lateral velocity variation on the location determinations,
we generated slowness corrections using events well-located by the permanent broadband network as calibration events, then
we applied the corrections to the estimated slownesses. Applications of slowness corrections significantly improved event
locations. This method can be a useful tool to locate events recorded by temporary fault-zone arrays in the near field but
unlocated by the regional permanent seismic network. As a test, we first applied this method to 64 well-located aftershocks
of the 1992 Landers, California, earthquake, recorded by both the Caltech/USGS Southern California Seismic Network and a small-aperture,
temporary seismic array. The average horizontal and vertical separations between our locations and the well-determined catalogue
locations are 1.35 and 1.75 km, respectively. We then applied this method to 132 unlocated aftershocks recorded only by the
temporary seismic array. The locations show a clear tendency to follow the surface traces of the mainshock rupture. 相似文献
6.
Source inversion of small-magnitude events such as aftershocks or mine collapses requires use of relatively high frequency seismic waveforms which are strongly affected by small-scale heterogeneities in the crust. In this study, we developed a new inversion method called gCAP3D for determining general moment tensor of a seismic source using Green's functions of 3D models. It inherits the advantageous features of the “Cut-and-Paste” (CAP) method to break a full seismogram into the Pnl and surface-wave segments and to allow time shift between observed and predicted waveforms. It uses grid search for 5 source parameters (relative strengths of the isotropic and compensated-linear-vector-dipole components and the strike, dip, and rake of the double-couple component) that minimize the waveform misfit. The scalar moment is estimated using the ratio of L2 norms of the data and synthetics. Focal depth can also be determined by repeating the inversion at different depths. We applied gCAP3D to the 2013 Ms 7.0 Lushan earthquake and its aftershocks using a 3D crustal-upper mantle velocity model derived from ambient noise tomography in the region. We first relocated the events using the double-difference method. We then used the finite-differences method and reciprocity principle to calculate Green's functions of the 3D model for 20 permanent broadband seismic stations within 200 km from the source region. We obtained moment tensors of the mainshock and 74 aftershocks ranging from Mw 5.2 to 3.4. The results show that the Lushan earthquake is a reverse faulting at a depth of 13–15 km on a plane dipping 40–47° to N46° W. Most of the aftershocks occurred off the main rupture plane and have similar focal mechanisms to the mainshock's, except in the proximity of the mainshock where the aftershocks' focal mechanisms display some variations. 相似文献
7.
—?We present an earthquake location algorithm, the Broadband Waveform Regional Earthquake Location Program (BW_RELP), which utilizes phase onset times and wave azimuths recorded by three-component broadband seismic stations and an adaptive migrating grid search algorithm to find the global minimum in an arbitrary normed misfit parameter. The performance of BW_RELP is demonstrated using regional (300–800?km distant) broadband recordings to locate events in the 1995 Ridgecrest, California earthquake sequence. The purpose of this study is to introduce the BW_RELP algorithm in detail and to expand on the previous paper by Deger et?al. (BSSA, 88, 1353–1362, 1998), using one Berkeley Digital Seismic Network (BDSN) station (YBH) and two USNSN stations (ELK and MNV) which span 300–800?km in distance and 55 degrees in azimuth, to further investigate the capability of a sparse broadband network of three-component stations at monitoring a region located outside of the network, as will be the case in the monitoring of the Comprehensive Test-Ban-Treaty (CTBT) for low magnitude seismic events. We assess the capability of this sparse three-station broadband network and we compare locations estimated from phase onset time and wave azimuth measurements to a ground-truth catalog of high-quality earthquake locations derived from data recorded by the Southern California Seismic Network (SCSN). The results indicate that in the regional distance range it is possible, when an appropriate calibration event is available, to obtain absolute event locations to within 18?km as is prescribed by the CTBT. 相似文献
8.
精确确定地震的震源机制解、震源深度和序列的相对位置是地震危险性分析的重要基础.2010年10月24日和2011年3月8日,河南太康地区分别发生MS4.6和MS4.1显著地震,为分析该弱震、少震区的地震危险性,本文利用CAP方法反演了震源机制解和震源深度,并结合深度震相波形记录进一步确认了深度的可靠性.结果显示,两次地震的震源机制解较为接近,均以走滑为主,深度也均为13km左右.此外,以主震作为参考事件,采用主事件法对余震的水平位置进行了相对定位,定位结果显示余震空间上分布的走向分别与主震震源机制解两个节面走向大致相同.本文结果为研究当地地震危险性提供了一定依据. 相似文献
9.
10.
The western part of the Gulf of Corinth attracts attention due to its seismically active fault system and considerable seismic
hazard. Detailed studies of the seismic activity of the region have been carried out especially as part of the so-called Corinth
Rift Laboratory (CRL) Project. For standard earthquake locations, the CRL uses the HYPO algorithm and a special structural
model that is composed of homogeneous layers (Rigo et al., 1996). This model was derived from a passive seismic experiment
in a broader area around the western part of the Gulf. A significant part of the seismic activity is concentrated close to
the town of Aigion, which was damaged by a strong earthquake in 1995. A sequence of smaller earthquakes occurred to the south
of this town in the year 2001. In the present paper, we have used this sequence to derive an improved structural model for
the region in the vicinity of the town of Aigion. This new model is based on the minimization of travel-time residuals. In
particular, we used arrival times from a subset of 88 events recorded by at least 5 stations of the southern part of the CRL
network, had magnitudes of over 2.3, and were recorded at the nearest station (station code AIO). A variant of the method
of conjugate gradients has been used for this purpose. In comparison with the model derived by Rigo et al. (1996), the new
model is characterized by a higher νP/νS velocity ratio and by higher velocities to a depth of about 7 km. The new model was derived with the aim to get more accurate
locations of future events in the vicinity of the town of Aigion. 相似文献
11.
This paper summarizes the available geological and geophysical material for faults as regards their role in the seismic process. The entirety of the geological and geophysical evidence is used to reveal hidden faults, which are important in influencing the spatial distribution of earthquakes, and to produce a map of the major earthquake-generating faults and lineaments in the Russian northeast. As well as the occurrence of earthquakes at known faults that have surface expression, we find that seismicity tends to occur at the hidden faults and lineaments we have identified, as well as at intersections of faults. We made a quantitative assessment of the relationship of seismicity to tectonic fragmentation of the crust, correlating the density and discordance measure for faults to indicators of seismic activity (rate and energy release of earthquakes per unit area) for the southeast flank of the Okhotsk-Lena seismic region. The results obtained in this study revealed some features in the spatial distribution of earthquakes occurring on land in the Okhotsk-Lena seismic region: the maximum level of seismic activity occurs in areas with moderate values of the discordance measure for faults (12 < ‖D‖ ≤ 18) as identified from gravity data and in zones of increased horizontal gradients of the lines of equal discordance. At these locations, the greatest probability of earthquake occurrence for events of energy class K ≥ 12 corresponds to moderate values of the density of faults visible at the surface (0.12 < τ ≤ 0.16 km?1). 相似文献
12.
Progress in the imaging of the mantle and core is partially limited by the sparse distribution of natural sources; the earthquake hypocenters are mainly along the active lithospheric plate boundaries. This problem can be approached with seismic interferometry. In recent years, there has been considerable progress in the development of seismic interferometric techniques. The term seismic interferometry refers to the principle of generating new seismic responses by cross‐correlating seismic observations at different receiver locations. The application of interferometric techniques on a global scale could create sources at locations where no earthquakes occur. In this way, yet unknown responses would become available for the application of travel‐time tomography and surface‐wave dispersion studies. The retrieval of a dense‐enough sampling of source gathers would largely benefit the application of reflection imaging. We derive new elastodynamic representation integrals for global‐scale seismic interferometry. The relations are different from other seismic interferometry relations for transient sources, in the sense that they are suited for a rotating closed system like the Earth. We use a correlation of an observed response with a response to which free‐surface multiple elimination has been applied to account for the closed system. Despite the fact that the rotation of the Earth breaks source‐receiver reciprocity, the seismic interferometry relations are shown to be valid. The Coriolis force is included without the need to evaluate an extra term. We synthesize global‐scale earthquake responses and use them to illustrate the acoustic versions of the new interferometric relations. When the sampling of real source locations is dense enough, then both the responses with and without free‐surface multiples are retrieved. When we do not take into account the responses from the sources in the direct neighborhood of the seismic interferometry‐constructed source location, the response with free‐surface multiples can still be retrieved. Even when only responses from sources at a certain range of epicentral distances are available, some events in the Green's function between two receiver locations can still be retrieved. The retrieved responses are not perfect, but the artefacts can largely be ascribed to numerical errors. The reconstruction of internal events – the response as if there was a source and a receiver on (major) contrasts within the model – could possibly be of use for imaging. With modelling it is possible to discover in which region of the correlation panel stationary phases occur that contribute to the retrieval of events. This knowledge opens up a new way of filtering out undesired events and of discovering whether specific events could be retrieved with a given source‐receiver configuration. 相似文献
13.
Yang Zhang Leo Eisner William Barker Michael C. Mueller Kevin L. Smith 《Geophysical Prospecting》2013,61(5):919-930
We develop a methodology to obtain a consistent velocity model from calibration shots or microseismicity observed on a buried array. Using a layered 1D isotropic model derived from checkshots as an initial velocity model, we invert P‐wave arrival times to obtain effective anisotropic parameters with a vertical axis of symmetry (VTI). The nonlinear inversion uses iteration between linearized inversion for anisotropic parameters and origin times or depths, which is specific to microseismic monitoring. We apply this technique to multiple microseismic events from several treatments within a buried array. The joint inversion of selected events shows a largely reduced RMS error indicating that we can obtain robust estimates of anisotropic parameters, however we do not show improved source locations. For joint inversion of multiple microseismic events we obtained Thomsen anisotropic parameters ε of 0.15 and δ of 0.05, which are consistent with values observed in active seismic surveys. These values allow us to locate microseismic events from multiple hydraulic fracture treatments separated across thousands of metres with a single velocity model. As a result, we invert the effective anisotropy for the buried array region and are able to provide a more consistent microseismicity mapping for past and future hydraulic fracture stimulations. 相似文献
14.
A minimum 1-D seismic velocity model for routine seismic event location purposes was determined for the area of the western Barents Sea, using a modified version of the VELEST code. The resulting model, BARENTS16, and corresponding station corrections were produced using data from stations at regional distances, the vast majority located in the periphery of the recorded seismic activity, due to the unfavorable land–sea distribution. Recorded seismicity is approached through the listings of a joint bulletin, resulting from the merging of several international and regional bulletins for the region, as well as additional parametric data from temporary deployments. We discuss the challenges posed by this extreme network-seismicity geometry in terms of velocity estimation resolution and result stability. Although the conditions do not facilitate the estimation of meaningful station corrections at the farthermost stations, and even well-resolved corrections do not have a convincing contribution, we show that the process can still converge to a stable velocity average for the crust and upper mantle, in good agreement with a priori information about the regional structure and geology, which reduces adequately errors in event location estimates. 相似文献
15.
利用区域尺度双差层析成像方法,使用2009年1月至2017年2月的近震资料,对青藏高原东北缘及其邻区内记录到的地震事件进行震源位置和三维速度结构的联合反演.重新定位后震源空间位置得到明显改善,浅层的地震波速与地形和沉积层厚度对应较好,研究区地震主要发生在河西走廊过渡带的低泊松比区域.本文将研究区分为五个区域并分别对其层析成像结果进行了讨论,结果显示研究区不同地块之间地壳结构变化明显,地壳物质整体呈酸性,青藏高原东北缘地壳增厚可能主要发生在中下地壳. 相似文献
16.
Since March 2014, an unusually large amount of earthquakes occur southeast of the city of Darmstadt in the northern Upper Rhine Graben. During the period, until April 2015, we have recorded 356 earthquakes with magnitudes ranging from ML?=??0.6 to 4.2. We identified two source clusters separated laterally by about 5 km. The hypocentres within these clusters are aligned vertically extending over a depth range from 1 to 8 km with a lateral extent of about 1 to 2 km. Focal mechanisms show left-lateral strike-slip movements; b values are changing with time between b?=?0.6 and b?=?0.9. This is the first time in almost 150 years that such high earthquake rates have been observed in the region. Historical accounts dating back to the nineteenth century report of over 2000 felt earthquakes over a time span from 1869 to 1871. From these, maximum intensities of VII have been estimated. Other seismic activities in the region were reported in the 1970s. The observations of the 2014–2015 earthquake series do not completely match a typical main shock–aftershock sequence or a typical earthquake swarm. Especially the activity at the beginning of the earthquake series may be considered as a mixture of a main shock–aftershock sequence and a short-lasting swarm event. Whether or not the time gap between the current seismic activity, which actually takes place at the same locations as parts of the seismic swarm in 1869–1871, and the seismic activity in the nineteenth century or the seismic activity in the 1970s can be interpreted as a seismic cycle remains unclear. 相似文献
17.
We computed a one-dimensional (1D) velocity model and station corrections refering to the Provence region (South-eastern France) by inverting P-wave arrival times recorded on an eight-station local seismic network. Using this velocity model and the program HYPOELLIPSE (Lahr, 1989), we relocated a set of 108 local events. The quality comparison between previous earthquake locations and new relocated shows a good improvement.The obtained Minimum 1D velocity model can be used in a better-quality routine for earthquake location and represent a first step towards more detailed seismic studies in the Provence region. 相似文献
18.
Lupei Zhu Ying Tan Donald V. Helmberger Chandan K. Saikia 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2006,163(7):1193-1213
We use the recordings from 51 earthquakes produced by a PASSCAL deployment in Tibet to develop a two-layer crustal model for
the region. Starting with their ISC locations, we iteratively fit the P-arrival times to relocate the earthquakes and estimate mantle and crustal seismic parameters. An average crustal P velocity of 6.2–6.3 km/s is obtained for a crustal thickness of 65 km while the P velocity of the uppermost mantle is 8.1 km/s. The upper layer of the model is further fine-tuned by obtaining the best synthetic
SH waveform match to an observed waveform for a well-located event. Green's functions from this model are then used to estimate
the source parameters for those events using a grid search procedure. Average event relocation relative to the ISC locations,
excluding two poorly located earthquakes, is 16 km. All but one earthquake are determined by the waveform inversion to be
at depths between 5 and 15 km. This is 15 km shallower, on average, than depths reported by the ISC. The shallow seismicity
cut-off depth and low crustal velocities suggest high temperatures in the lower crust. Thrust faulting source mechanisms dominate
at the margins of the plateau. Within the plateau, at locations with surface elevations less than 5 km, source mechanisms
are a mixture of strike-slip and thrust. Most events occurring in the high plateau where elevations are above 5 km show normal
faulting. This indicates that a large portion of the plateau is under EW extension. 相似文献
19.
Seismic activities before and after the impoundment of the Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu reservoirs in the lower Jinsha River 
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下载免费PDF全文 The lower Jinsha River basin is located at the junction of Sichuan and Yunnan provinces in Southwest China, a region with intense tectonic movements and frequent moderate to strong seismic activities. Cascade hydropower stations have been constructed along the lower Jinsha River since 2012. However, research on the effect of the impoundment of large-scale cascade reservoirs in a river basin on local seismic activities is currently lacking. Accurately identifying earthquake locations is essential for studying reservoir-induced earthquakes. Analyzing the spatiotemporal migration process of seismic activities based on complete and precise earthquake relocation is fundamental for determining the fluid diffusion coefficient, constructing fault models for reservoir areas, identifying earthquake types, exploring earthquake mechanisms, and evaluating seismic hazards. The seismicity pattern in the Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu reservoir areas, where seismic activities had been weak for a long time, has changed with the successive impoundment of the two reservoirs, showing microseismic events and seismic clusters. We investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of seismic activities in the Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu reservoir areas using the waveform cross-correlation-based double-difference relocation technique and the b-value analysis method. We discovered that seismic events after the impoundment of these two reservoirs exhibited different characteristics in different regions. The seismic activities at the Xiluodu dam quickly responded to the rising water level, with the seismic intensity decaying rapidly afterward. These events were concentrated in the limestone strata along both sides of the Jinsha River, with a shallow focal depth, generally within 5 km, and a high b-value of approximately 1.2. Such features are close to those of karst-type earthquakes. Microseismic activities frequent occur on the eastern bank of the Yongshan reservoir section downstream of the Xiluodu dam, with two parallel NW-trending earthquake strips visible after precise earthquake relocation. The MS5.2 earthquake near Wuji town on August 17, 2014, had prominent foreshocks and aftershocks distributed in a clear NW-trending 20-km-long strip, perpendicular to the riverbank. These seismic events had a low b-value of approximately 0.7. The orientation of the node plane revealed by the strike-slip focal mechanism of the mainshock is consistent with that of the strip formed by the foreshock-mainshock-aftershock sequence, indicating the existence of a NW-striking concealed fault. Seismic activities near the Yanjin-Mabian fault upstream of the Xiangjiaba reservoir area since 2013 were concentrated in a NW-trending strip, with several near EW-trending seismic clusters on its western side, and with the largest event having a magnitude of ML3.7. So far, the impoundment of the Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu reservoirs has not triggered seismic activities on the large Jinyang-Ebian and Yanjin-Mabian faults nearby. 相似文献
20.
为了探索汶川与芦山地震之间的地震空区的深部结构,探讨该地区的物质运移方式及动力学模式,评价区域断层的地震活动性,本研究小组于2015年5月至今共开展了2期共约3年的地震观测.前期得到的主要结论包括：（1）地震空区两端应力状态差异显著,且存在沿断裂带的横向应力差;（2）接收函数分析发现一个平行于马尔康断裂的Moho面上隆,泊松比较高的条带状结构从地震空区延伸到龙日坝断裂,可能是下地壳撕裂和部分熔融的结果;（3）地震空区以下,上地壳速度相对偏低,在下地壳存在明显的部分熔融体,这可能是地震能量不能积累的原因之一;（4）地震空区完整性震级Mc=0.2以上的地震的活动性仍然很低;基于密集的监测台阵（约70台地震计）的走时定位也初步显示了龙门山断裂带的地震空区段仍然很平静,但是其东边的断裂带（包括大邑断裂等以及一些隐伏断裂）上地震活动比较活跃.判断这些断裂可能是该区域应力积累的主要断裂,值得进一步关注;（5）提出了地震空区产生的机制：空区北东-南西两端水平应力差导致空区地壳的撕裂,地幔物质上涌,产生部分熔融,空区地壳抬升以塑性形变为主,穿过空区段的龙门山断裂带地震活动性低,地表地形较平滑. 相似文献