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对湛江东海岛潮间带表层沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS)和同步提取重金属(SEM)的含量及其分布进行了研究。研究表明,东海岛潮间带表层沉积物中AVS含量夏季平均为0.449μmol/g,冬季为1.816μmol/g,大多数站位AVS含量冬季高于夏季;AVS平均含量总体呈南、北区较高,东、西区较低的区域分布规律。潮区沉积物可提取重金属SEM总量夏季在0.56~4.60μmol/g之间,冬季处于0.65~2.21μmol/g之间;各重金属平均含量大小为ZnCrPbCuCd,其中Cd含量占SEM总量不到1%,Zn含量则在70%以上,SEMZn是控制着SEM分布的主要模式。联合利用(∑SEM/AVS)与(∑SEMAVS)法和生物毒性阈值法综合评估重金属对沉积环境的影响,东海岛潮间带大部分区域沉积物中(∑SEM-AVS)处于0~5之间,重金属潜在生物毒性较强的区域为通明海区(7号站和8号站所在),具有较强潜在生物毒性的重金属为夏季通明海区的Zn。 相似文献
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湛江湾沉积物中酸可挥发性硫和重金属含量分布及重金属生态风险评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
测定了湛江湾海域20个站位表层沉积物中的酸可挥发性硫（AVS）、同步浸提重金属（SEM）、TOC含量和Eh值,对AVS、SEM含量的平面分布及AVS与SEM、TOC含量、Eh值的相互关系进行了分析.结果表明：该海域表层沉积物中AVS含量范围为0.004～0.547μmol/g,平均值为0.155μmol/g,SEM含量范围为2.10～4.27μmol/g,平均值为3.32μmol/g,相对其他海域湛江湾海域沉积物表现出AVS含量较低,SEM含量较高的特征.AVS与SEM含量平面分布较一致,湾顶的含量都较高,含量均值分别为0.361和3.52μmol/g,特呈岛以南到湾口呈逐渐减小的明显趋势.调查海域沉积物AVS与TOC含量呈显著正相关,与Eh值呈显著负相关,说明高有机质含量、低氧化还原电位沉积环境有利于AVS的生成.20个站位CSEM5-CAVS的差值均为0〈（CSEM5-CAVS）〈5,说明该海域可能存在重金属的中等毒性生态风险. 相似文献
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对湛江东海岛潮间带表层沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS)和同步提取重金属(SEM)的含量及其分布进行了研究。研究表明,东海岛潮间带表层沉积物中AVS含量夏季平均为0.449μ mol/g,冬季为1.816μ mol/g,大多数站位AVS含量冬季高于夏季;AVS平均含量总体呈南、北区较高,东、西区较低的区域分布规律。潮区沉积物可提取重金属SEM总量夏季在0.56μ mol/g~4.60μ mol/g之间,冬季处于0.65μ mol/g~2.21μ mol/g之间;各重金属平均含量大小为ZnCrPbCuCd,其中Cd含量占SEM总量不到1%,Zn含量则在70%以上,SEMZn是控制着SEM分布的主要模式。联合利用(∑SEM/AVS)与(∑SEM-AVS)法和生物毒性阈值法综合评估重金属对沉积环境的影响,东海岛潮间带大部分区域沉积物中(∑SEM-AVS)处于0~5之间,重金属潜在生物毒性较强的区域为通明海区(7号站和8号站所在),具有较强潜在生物毒性的重金属为夏季通明海区的Zn。 相似文献
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为了更清楚认识洋山海洋倾倒区海域沉积物的污染状况,测定了该海域倾倒前后表层沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS)、酸可提取重金属(SEM)的含量,并对AVS、ΣSEM及ΣSEM-AVS差值的平面分布进行了分析。结果表明,该倾倒区及周边海域倾倒前、中、后表层沉积物中AVS含量分别为0.55~2.62,0.83~1.65和0.51~1.23 μmol·g-1,倾倒后AVS含量呈下降态势,倾倒区AVS含量高于周边海域;ΣSEM倾倒前、中、后平均含量分别为2.80,2.79和2.60 μmol·g-1,倾倒后ΣSEM含量略呈下降态势,往倾倒区方向富集;从单个重金属对ΣSEM的贡献率来看,Zn＞Cr＞Cu＞Pb＞Cd,SEMZn基本在35％以上,SEMCr基本在20％以上,而SEMCd均在1％以下,ΣSEM分布形态主要受Zn和Cr的控制;ΣSEM-AVS差值均大于0,且在倾倒区其ΣSEM-AVS值低于周边海域,说明倾倒区海域沉积物中重金属对生物可能有一定毒性。 相似文献
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胶州湾李村河口沉积物中酸可溶硫化物与活性金属分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对胶州湾李村河口9个短柱状样沉积物中活性金属、AVS和有机质含量等参数进行了分析.其中AVS含量:198.4～0.4 μmol/g,平均35.8μmol/g.大部分样品活性金属含量具有 Fe > Zn > Cu > Cr >V > Ni > Pb > Co > Cd 的顺序.活性重金属 Zn, Cu, Cr, V, Ni, Pb, Co, Cd 含量之和 ( ΣM ) 为:0.53～17.39 μmol/g.通过对所测数据分析发现,大多数活性金属间具有较好的相关性,反映了它们具有相同的来源或相似的早期成岩地球化学特征.近河口区沉积物的地球化学特征与远河口区差异明显:近河口区底层水为还原环境,AVS 形成的制约因素是活性铁的可获得性,而活性重金属的分布受到AVS的控制并主要以金属硫化物或硫化物吸附态的形式存在,AVS 仍具有较大的吸附重金属的潜力,同时硫化物中重金属再次释放造成二次污染的潜在性也较大;而在离河口稍远的海域,沉积物中 AVS 形成的控制因素是有机质的供给和环境氧化还原状态的变化,活性重金属主要以铁氧化物结合态存在,表层沉积物中重金属的环境敏感性及生物有效性都较高. 相似文献
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沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物的分析方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS)是评价沉积物中重金属生物毒性的一个重要参数,但AVS易随氧化还原环境变化,所以对分析测试要求较高。以往AVS的测定方法较为费时费力,无法用于常规监测,或不适用于测定AVS含量偏低的沉积物样品。本研究在现有分析方法的基础上进行了改进,建立了一个扩散法和亚甲基蓝比色法联用的分析方法,使其适用于测定AVS含量偏低的海洋和湖泊沉积物样品。通过对回收率、空白、重复性的实验显示,该方法能够快速、准确的进行大批量样品的测试。应用该方法对渤海湾和莱州湾上百个沉积物样品的分析发现,AVS含量低于0.6μmol/g(DW)的样品量达到75%。因我国近岸海域有机碳含量偏低,AVS的含量也可能偏低,所以该方法对我国近岸海洋沉积物中AVS的分析测试有普适性。该分析方法的建立为我国应用AVS对沉积物中重金属生物毒性的研究提供了便利。 相似文献
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研究了2003年10月采于珠江口5个站位的沉积物剖面酸挥发性硫化物(AVS)和同时提取的重金属(SEM:Pb,Zn,Cu,Cd,Ni)。其中,站位1、2位于中滩,其沉积物的AVS含量变化范围较小,为0.25—4.06μmol.g-1;站位3、4位于西滩,其沉积物的AVS含量变化范围较大,为0—26.09μmol.g-1。中滩和西滩沉积物的AVS含量均随深度增加。西滩表层沉积物的AVS含量接近于零,这可能与该水域较强的底层流和沉积物的再悬浮作用有关。站位5位于珠江口外侧,其表层沉积物的AVS含量相对较高,且垂向变化较小,可能是还原性沉积物间歇性再悬浮后重新沉积的结果。站位1、2和5沉积物中同时提取的重金属含量大体在0.95±0.2μmol.g-1范围内,随深度增加略呈下降趋势;而西滩沉积物重金属含量相对较高,为1.43—2.42μmol.g-1,且在一定深度范围内随深度增加呈明显下降的趋势,表明珠江口西滩沉积物中的重金属污染有加重的趋势。对AVS/SEM摩尔比值和单个金属的毒性效应研究显示,珠江口内尤其是西滩的表层沉积物存在重金属污染,对其中生活的底栖生物具有潜在的毒性效应。 相似文献
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对珠江口淇澳岛附近2个站(QA-2、QA-5)柱状沉积物中酸可挥发性硫化物(AVS)和同步提取重金属(SEM)的垂直分布规律进行了研究。研究表明,AVS在2个站沉积物中的质量摩尔浓度分别为3.44～13.13μmol/g和11.67～15.39μmol/g。QA-2站沉积物中AVS的质量摩尔浓度随深度增加,QA-5站AVS的质量摩尔浓度垂直剖面上没有明显的变化趋势,反映了不同沉积环境对AVS质量摩尔浓度分布特征的影响。2个站的SEM的质量摩尔浓度在沉积物垂直剖面上都随深度增加逐渐减小,这是因为珠江三角洲工业和城市的发展、污染物排放增加导致了重金属在沉积物中的累积。QA-2站表层沉积物(0～5 cm)SEM/AVS>1,表明可能存在重金属的生物毒效应;同时,SEM中Cu和Cd的质量摩尔浓度超过了它们的重金属浓度阈值(TEL),有可能产生重金属毒性作用;QA-2站5 cm以下和QA-5站沉积柱中SEM/AVS<1,不存在重金属的生物毒效性。 相似文献
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黄海北部夏季无机氮赋存形态及其与反硝化速率的关系研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用乙炔抑制法对北黄海海域沉积物-水界面反硝化速率进行了研究,并用分相浸取法对相应站位沉积物中氮的赋存形态进行了分析.结果表明,该海域界面反硝化速率在3.2.～7.5 μmol/m2·h之间,可提取无机氮的平均含量范围在0.7 2～80.36 μg/g之间.对两者之间的关系研究表明,该海域反硝化速率与沉积物中离子交换态(IEF)硝酸盐氮和可提取无机总氮之间存在较好的相关性,相关系数分别为0.947和0.88 6(P＜0.01);与碳酸盐结合态(CF)和铁锰氧化物态(IMOF)的硝酸盐氮及氨氮之间相关性不明显. 相似文献
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Long-term time series of sea state parameters are required in different coastal engineering applications. In order to obtain wave data at shallow water and due to the scarcity of instrumental data, ocean wave reanalysis databases ought to be downscaled to increase the spatial resolution and simulate the wave transformation process. In this paper, a hybrid downscaling methodology to transfer wave climate to coastal areas has been developed combining a numerical wave model (dynamical downscaling) with mathematical tools (statistical downscaling). A maximum dissimilarity selection algorithm (MDA) is applied in order to obtain a representative subset of sea states in deep water areas. The reduced number of selected cases spans the marine climate variability, guaranteeing that all possible sea states are represented and capturing even the extreme events. These sea states are propagated using a state-of-the-art wave propagation model. The time series of the propagated sea state parameters at a particular location are reconstructed using a non-linear interpolation technique based on radial basis functions (RBFs), providing excellent results in a high dimensional space with scattered data as occurs in the cases selected with MDA. The numerical validation of the results confirms the ability of the developed methodology to reconstruct sea state time series in shallow water at a particular location and to estimate different spatial wave climate parameters with a considerable reduction in the computational effort. 相似文献
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Larkin P Folmar LC Hemmer MJ Poston AJ Lee HS Denslow ND 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5):395-399
A variety of anthropogenic chemicals are capable of binding to the estrogen receptor of vertebrate species. Binding of these compounds can interfere with homeostasis by disrupting normal gene expression patterns. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of applying array technology as a monitoring tool for detecting the presence and distribution of estrogenic compounds in coastal habitats using sheepshead minnows as our model. cDNA clones that were isolated from differential display, including vitellogenin alpha and beta, vitelline envelope protein (ZP2), and transferrin, among others, were spotted on the macroarray. The results of these experiments demonstrate a characteristic expression pattern of estrogen responsive genes in sheepshead minnows exposed to 17 beta-estradiol (E2). 相似文献
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《Ocean & Coastal Management》2007,50(8):623-633
The quality of the aquaculturists’ rights over their farms plays a vital role in achieving sustainable aquaculture industry. In effect, ownership over natural resources in the light of private law is not established because it is not tradable in China. But the users’ rights over the natural resources have already been recognized under the current Chinese laws. This paper introduces concept of property rights, describes and analyzes the aquaculturists’ rights over the farms under the current Chinese laws. Because of flow of water, agricultural nature, and so-called State ownership over the natural resources, fish farms present a complicated property rights problem in China. Some flaws in the aquaculturists’ rights are identified under the existing laws. To protect the interests of farmers and to pursue sustainable aquaculture, quasi-property rights should be granted to fish farmers. 相似文献
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M. B. Gokhberg V. M. Lapshin G. M. Steblov S. L. Shalimov 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2011,47(9):1019-1027
The effects that the two Kuril undersea earthquakes of November 15, 2006, and January 13, 2007, had on the ionosphere are
considered on the basis of the results of measurements of variations in the ionosphere’s total electron content obtained from
the network of Russian GPS stations. Owing to a favorable location of the stations, the ionosphere’s response to these earthquakes
is studied in the vicinity of and far (up to distances on the order of 1000 km) from their epicenters. It is found that the
apparent velocity of propagation of ionospheric disturbances (1–3 km/s) significantly exceeds the velocity of propagation
of tsunami waves caused by earthquakes; this fact can be used in forecasting tsunamis. It is shown that, in parallel with
the known type of ionospheric response to earthquakes in the form of an N-wave, there is also its response in the form of an inverted N-wave in the vicinity of and far from their epicenters. The causes of occurrence of the response in the form of an inverted
N-wave are interpreted. 相似文献
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Owing to the spatial averaging involved in satellite sensing, use of observations so collected is often restricted to offshore regions. This paper discusses a technique to obtain significant wave heights at a specified coastal site from their values gathered by a satellite at deeper offshore locations. The technique is based on the approach of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) of Radial Basis Function (RBF) and Feed-forward Back-propagation (FFBP) type. The satellite-sensed data of significant wave height; average wave period and the wind speed were given as input to the network in order to obtain significant wave heights at a coastal site situated along the west coast of India. Qualitative as well as quantitative comparison of the network output with target observations showed usefulness of the selected networks in such an application vis-à-vis simpler techniques like statistical regression. The basic FFBP network predicted the higher waves more correctly although such a network was less attractive from the point of overall accuracy. Unlike satellite observations collection of buoy data is costly and hence, it is generally resorted to fewer locations and for a smaller period of time. As shown in this study the network can be trained with samples of buoy data and can be further used for routine wave forecasting at coastal locations based on more permanent flow of satellite observations. 相似文献
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Tolerance and hormesis--increased resistance to copper in hydroids linked to hormesis 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Stebbing AR 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5):805-809
Cultured clones of the colonial hydroid Laomedeaflexuosa have been used over some years as an experimental model to study the dynamics of growth control [J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK (1981a) 61, 35; Aquatic Toxicology (1981b) 1, 227; Journal of Applied Toxicology (2000a) 20, 93]. Exposure to toxic agents has been an essential element of the approach, providing the stimulus to elicit adaptive control system responses. While the work has provided interpretations of physiological interest, it has also given insights to some toxicological phenomena. It is proposed that hormesis, as a stimulation of growth due to exposure to low concentrations of copper (1-10 microg l(-1)), is due to increases in the preferred rate of the growth control mechanism. This increases the capacity to counteract inhibition and confers intolerance to the inhibitor, while overcorrections to low concentrations cause hormesis. 相似文献
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A preliminary scuba survey of oligotrophic Lake Rotoma in 1972 revealed a vegetation mainly composed of native hydrophytes in which exotics were at an early stage of colonisation. In 1973 the presence of species was recorded in 5708 quadrats (625 cm2) at 1 m intervals along a total of 50 line transects placed systematically around the lake. Water depth was measured, and quadrat cover and substrate type were subjectively estimated. Species frequency calculations showed that the dominant vegetation pattern was a characean meadow of Chara fibrosa f. acanthopitys (A.Br.) R.D.W., Nitella leptostachys var. leonhardii (R.D.W.) R.D.W., and N. pseudoflabellata var. mucosa (Nordst.) Bailey. The charophytes extended over a depth range of 1–17.5 m on a wide variety of substrates and gradients. Native vascular plants were absent from many transects, and had a depth range only from 0 to 4.5 m, with most occurring above 3.5 m. The Low Mixed Community, found in shallow water less than 1.25 m in depth at the northeast end of the lake, provided this area with a high species diversity. Exotic hydrophytes had established in many areas around the lake. The distribution of Lagarosiphon major (Ridley) Moss and Elodea canadensis Michx. appeared to coincide with boating access and fallen submerged trees over a depth range of 0–6.0 m, although much of the available habitat had not yet been exploited. Emergent species were most abundant within the southwest inlet and also in the lagoons surrounding the lake where sheltered conditions and shallow gradients prevail. 相似文献