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A paper describing activities of the Laboratory of Remote Sensing Methods at Moscow University presents a chronology of the Laboratory's efforts to improve sensor capabilities for acquiring remote sensing data and to develop more effective image processing techniques. Among the accomplishments cited are early advances in sensor system design and photochemical processing in conjunction with “Salyut” orbital station activities, multispectral imaging experiments in conjunction with high-resolution space photography from the Soyuz-12 (1973) and Soyuz-22 (1976) missions, testing of the first high-resolution Soviet (“Fragment”) scanner imagery (1984), and ongoing work in digital and applied image processing. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovsskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1987, No. 2, pp. 27-31. 相似文献
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Field Techniques in Remote Sensing: Learning by Doing 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Donald C. Rundquist 《国际地球制图》2013,28(1):85-90
Abstract The paper summarizes one professor's observations and resulting approach to teaching a semester‐long course on the subject of field techniques as they relate to remote‐sensing campaigns. The text describes how a “learning‐by‐doing strategy” is applied to such a course. More specifically, the paper describes how the instructor requires students to design, construct, and actually implement “hardware solutions” to problems involving collection of spectral (and ancillary) data in the field. Pupils must test their developed methodologies and “technological creations” with regard to a focused research problem undertaken in a difficult field setting during a week‐long outdoor experience. The students are expected to evaluate, and possibly modify, their methods and procedures “on‐the‐fly.” Individual group research problems, methods, and hardware solutions are briefly described, and selected student evaluations of the experience are provided. 相似文献
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One of the fundamental issues of geographical information science is to design GIS interfaces and functionalities in a way that is easy to understand, teach, and use. Unfortunately, current geographical information systems (including ArcGIS) remains very difficult to use as spatial analysis tools, because they organize and expose functionalities according to GIS data structures and processing algorithms. As a result, GIS interfaces are conceptually confusing, cognitively complex, and semantically disconnected from the way human reason about spatial analytical activities. In this article, we propose an approach that structures GIS analytical functions based on the notion of “analytical intent”. We describe an experiment that replaces ArcGIS desktop interface with a conversational interface, to enable mixed‐initiative user‐system interactions at the level of analytical intentions. We initially focus on the subset of GIS functions that are relevant to “finding what's inside” as described by Mitchell, but the general principles apply to other types of spatial analysis. This work demonstrates the feasibility of delegating some spatial thinking tasks to computational agents, and also raises future research questions that are key to building a better theory of spatial thinking with GIS. 相似文献
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Peter Löwe 《Transactions in GIS》2004,8(2):235-244
The South African Weather Service (SAWS) operates a radar station network, providing data continuity back to 1994, which is unique for southern Africa. The Geographical Resources Analysis Support System (GRASS) GIS was introduced to the SAWS “Meteorological Systems and Technology” (METSYS) radar research center in 1999 where it is still used for meteorologic research. The predominantly convective nature of precipitation in southern Africa creates a public demand for severe weather information systems for convective cells. Such a system was set up in GRASS GIS, using rule‐based expert systems to classify convective clouds. It isolates storm cells from stacks of reflectivity fields and derives information about their development stages. This data is both archived and also used to send out customised messages to target groups in specific areas of interest. Further, nationwide HTML‐maps can be created, serving as an interactive front‐end for a web‐based weather information system. This service can also be made accessible from remote locations by broad‐casting it as a datastream from satellite through the Worldspace digital radio system. 相似文献
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What is GIS and What is Not? 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Christopher M Gold 《Transactions in GIS》2006,10(4):505-519
As the title implies, this review of GIS (both GI Systems and GI Science) talks about boundaries – what is “in” and what is “out”. In order to do this, the discussion itself must have some boundaries. A Canadian prime minister once described his country as “too much geography and not enough history”. Here we will try to minimize both the history and the geography, and see how GI Science (the discipline) impinges on a variety of other disciplines, from Astronomy to Zoology perhaps. In other words, the boundaries of GI Science are becoming much less clear‐cut, and fuzzier. It is important not merely to look at the traditional “Geo‐” disciplines, but at other subjects which can contribute by overlapping with GI Science. In many cases this overlap may be more a question of mutually useful technology than similarity of applications – so even the distinction between GI Systems (the technology) and GI Science is a fuzzy one. This review is just one opinion, and a brief one at that, of where GIS fits at one moment in time. It will inevitably conflict in parts with the opinions of others. In outline we will look briefly at the initial situation, and see that historically the technology slowly became a new discipline. Since the question – What is GIS and what is not? – involves comparisons, we must look at the boundaries between the “ins” and the “outs”, initially for the discipline and then for the technology. Inevitably these boundaries will be fuzzy, with lots of overlap. We will then attempt to use these overlaps to suggest where things might go in the near future. 相似文献
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We review recent psychological research that pertains to remote sensing, with a focus on two major problem areas: The problem of eliciting and characterizing the knowledge of expert interpreters of remotely‐sensed data, and the problem of how to best utilize color in remote sensing displays. This research has immediate relevance to many remote sensing activities, but it also has broader implications. One general implication is that experimental psychology offers concepts and research methods that can be of benefit to the field of remote sensing. It is possible to discover the principles involved in the design of “good”; remote sensing displays, and the design of methods for teaching novices how to interpret remote sensing displays. A second broad implication of the psychological research is that remote sensing, as traditionally conceived, is actually just one part of a larger process of “remote perceiving.”; This idea is pursued in a second article (Hoffman, 1990), in which an attempt is made to characterize remote sensing as a unified science. 相似文献
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This paper is to construct a “digital local, regional, region” information framework based on the technology of “SIG” and its significance and application to the regional sustainable development evaluation system. First, the concept of the “grid computing” and “SIG” is interpreted and discussed, then the relationship between the “grid computing” and “digital region” is analyzed, and the framework of the “digital region” is put forward. Finally, the significance and application of “grid computing” to the “region sustainable development evaluation system” are discussed. 相似文献
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关于《数字地图产品模式》标准的思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于《数字地图产品模式》(以下简称《标准》)研究成果,本文确定了《标准》的目的、编制理由和《标准》的用户;指出了《标准》在相关“参考模型”和“标准体系”中的位置;提出了《标准》的范围;分析了国内外同类标准及相关资料并介绍了其在《标准》中的应用概况;以列出修订前后标准目次和ISO19131草案目录结构对照表的方式,剖析了《标准》研究成果的结构框架;最终得出了《数字地图产品模式》标准的编制已经有了良好的开端和阶段性成果,应当抓紧时间完善成果,使研究成果尽快转化为国家标准的结论。 相似文献
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Krzysztof Stereńczak Rafal Zapłata Maciej Sztampke Radomir Bałazy 《Transactions in GIS》2017,21(2):300-316
This article presents the results and potential of using volunteered geographic information (VGI) in heritage detection. Research was completed under the project entitled “Laser Discoverers – non‐invasive examination and documentation of archeological and historical objects in the ?wi?tokrzyskie Voivodeship”, carried out as a part of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education program entitled “The Paths of Copernicus”. Within the project, strong emphasis was placed on promotional and awareness‐raising activities, to involve as many voluntary users as possible. Project participants had at their disposal a web application, which provided access to a digital terrain model (DTM) where they identified possible heritage objects. All samples of data were additionally available in eight variants of sunshine, based on the simulation of sunlight from eight directions and at a constant angle. In total, 5,989 elementary areas with dimensions of 100 × 100 m were used for the project. After conducting a field inventory, Internet users together with specialists were able to recognize several thousands of potential archaeological and historic objects. During the project, approximately 10% of those features were verified through non‐invasive (field survey) work, with 75% success. 相似文献
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When people explore new environments they often use landmarks as reference points to help navigate and orientate themselves. This research paper examines how spatial datasets can be used to build a system for use in an urban environment which functions as a city guide, announcing Features of Interest (FoI) as they become visible to the user (not just proximal), as the user moves freely around the city. Visibility calculations for the FoIs were pre‐calculated based on a digital surface model derived from LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data. The results were stored in a text‐based relational database management system (RDBMS) for rapid retrieval. All interaction between the user and the system was via a speech‐based interface, allowing the user to record and request further information on any of the announced FoI. A prototype system, called Edinburgh Augmented Reality System (EARS), was designed, implemented and field tested in order to assess the effectiveness of these ideas. The application proved to be an innovative, ‘non‐invasive’ approach to augmenting the user's reality. 相似文献
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Recently, increasing numbers of mobile phones are appearing on the market that feature advanced navigation capabilities: embedded GPS receivers for global positioning, integrated digital compasses for detecting the heading of the device, or accelerometer‐based tilt sensors will potentially enable upcoming and future mobile phones to measure their location and orientation in 3D space. In this paper, we present an application framework for building spatially aware mobile applications – applications that visualize, process or exchange geospatial information – on mobile phones equipped with such features. The core component of the framework is a novel, platform‐independent XML data exchange format for the interface between application server and mobile device that describes the geographic vicinity of the user. The format enables a variety of new mobile interaction styles and user interface types – from traditional text‐based local search and information interfaces to innovative real‐time user interfaces like Geo‐Wands and Smart Compasses. 相似文献
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A. S. Alekseyev S. T. Vas'kov V. N. Dement'yev B. K. Kozhevnikov E. G. Mikhal'tsov V. P. Pyatkin 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2013,50(4):307-310
The authors describe the structure and operations of a special Center for Geographic Information [digital image] Processing, now being established in support of the “Sibir” “program—a comprehensive research project on applications of remote sensing in Siberian resource development undertaken by the Siberian section of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Translations of related papers on technical aspects of image processing, also products of the program's research, will appear in subsequent installments of Mapping Sciences and Remote Sensing. Translated from: Metody kompleksnykh aerokosmicheskikh issledovaniy Sibiri, edited by L. K. Zyat'kova. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1985, pp. 57-60. 相似文献
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A review of Soviet research describes methods of combining remote sensing and geodetic data in cartometric data bases—for the purposes of compiling more detailed and accurate “three-dimensional” terrain maps. The major objective is to provide, by means of photogrammetric techniques employing stereopairs or series of overlapping images, elevational data on selective key geomorphological points (along structure lines, summits of ridges, valley bottoms, etc.) which can be used to supplement (or replace) data obtained for the control points of a rectangular grid. Creation of digital models from these “geomorphological” points provides more accurate three-dimensional terrain maps. Translated from: Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta, geografiya, 1986, No. 6, pp. 56-64. 相似文献
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MOOS作为一种新型在线网络教育模式,具有大规模、不限定人群和在线开放的特点;而SPOC则秉承了其先进的思想和做法,并在此基础上加以完善,是具有针对性、实效性的小规模在线开放教育模式。SPOC模式更加符合高校在校学生学习的特点,对学生学习督促和考核方式更具有客观性和有效性。文中首先对MOOC、SPOC的基本理念和内涵进行了阐述;结合测绘类学生的专业特点,分析SPOC对当前C#课程教学影响和冲击。在此基础上,从"CH-SPOC"全新视角对测绘类专业C#课程体系进行构建,把"网络虚拟课堂"和"传统课堂"有机融合,注入学生间的"团结协作"要素,实现翻转课堂。这一混合式教学模式可以增加学生课堂参与度和团结协作能力的培养,有助于提高教学质量,提升测绘类专业学生综合设计和创新力。 相似文献
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面向国土空间规划的测绘地理信息技术及数据成果服务应用展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新时代国土空间规划体系的顶层设计和“四梁八柱”建设及未来的智慧型国土空间规划需要数字化、信息化技术支撑。以空间数据获取与分析为主要特征的测绘地理信息，能为国土空间规划的编制、审批、修改和实施监督各环节提供有效的技术服务和基于数据成果的定制服务。而融合现状数据、规划数据、管理数据，实现统一“底图”、统一“底数”、统一“底线”、统一“底板”的国土空间规划“一张图”，以及支撑国土空间规划动态监测评估预警的国土空间规划“一张图”实施监督信息系统，是可感知、能学习、善治理和自适应的智慧型国土空间规划发展的重要保障。本文在梳理“五级三类”国土空间规划体系基本构成和特征的基础上，从技术体系和数据成果定制体系两个方面，研究了面向国土空间规划的测绘地理信息服务体系，展望了面向智慧型国土空间规划的测绘地理信息应用。 相似文献
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This article describes research carried out in the area of mobile spatial interaction (MSI) and the development of a 3D mobile version of a 2D web‐based directional query processor. The TellMe application integrates location (from GPS, GSM, WiFi) and orientation (from magnetometer/accelerometer) sensor technologies into an enhanced spatial query processing module capable of exploiting a mobile device's position and orientation for querying real‐world spatial datasets. This article outlines our technique for combining these technologies and the architecture needed to deploy them on a sensor enabled smartphone (i.e. Nokia Navigator 6210). With all these sensor technologies now available on off‐the‐shelf devices, it is possible to employ a mobile query system that can work effectively in any environment using location and orientation as primary parameters for directional queries. Novel approaches for determining a user's visible query space in three dimensions based on their line‐of‐sight (ego‐visibility) are investigated to provide for “hidden query removal” functionality. This article presents demonstrable results of a mobile application that is location, direction, and orientation aware, and that retrieves database objects and attributes (e.g. buildings, points‐of‐interest, etc.) by simply pointing, or “looking”, at them with a mobile phone. 相似文献