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1.
Summary Three important characteristics of the stochastic relation between the position of one point of a geodetic network and the positions of the remaining points are investigated: a) Change of the ellipse of confidence of the position of a point of the network to the ellipse of confidence of the position of a point of the network, relative to any other point of the network. (This characteristic is called the change of the global ellipse of confidence to the relative ellipse). b) The regression between the positional vector of the investigated point and the positional vectors of some group of other points of the network and c) the so-called total correlation between any two points of the network. The latter characteristic is a question of determining a characteristic direction for each pair of investigated points, which would have the property that the correlation coefficient between the random displacement of the first point in its characteristic direction and the random displacement of the second point in its characteristic direction is maximum. 相似文献
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We study temporal changes of the rigidity (R) spectrum of the harmonics of the 27-day variation of the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity using neutron monitors (NM) data for the period 1965–2002. We show that the rigidity spectrum of the third harmonic (9 days) of the 27-day variation of the GCR intensity changes in a similar way as the spectra of the first and second harmonics, being hard in the maximum epochs and soft in the minimum epochs of solar activity. We ascribe this finding to the alternation of the sizes of the modulation regions of the 27-day variation of the GCR intensity in different epochs of solar activity. The average size of the vicinity of the corotating interaction regions, causing the 27-day variation of the GCR intensity, is less in the minimum epochs than in the maximum epochs of solar activity. A vicinity of the corotating interaction regions of larger size involves in modulation higher rigidity particles of GCR than the vicinity of smaller size; thus, this statement can be considered as one of the reasons leading to the hardening of the rigidity spectrum of the harmonics of the 27-day variation of the GCR intensity in maximum epochs compared with minimum epochs of solar activity.We also show that the temporal changes of the power rigidity spectrum of the third harmonic of the 27-day variation of the GCR intensity are negatively correlated with the rigidity spectrum of the 11-year variation of the galactic cosmic ray intensity.We found a recurrence in the temporal changes of the amplitudes of the first harmonic of the 27-day variation of the GCR intensity and in some parameters of solar activity and solar wind. 相似文献
3.
The results of a study of the macroseismic effects in the territory of Moscow of a remote deepfocus earthquake that occurred on May 24, 2013 in the Sea of Okhotsk are reported. On the surface of the earth and on the first floors of the buildings the seismic effect was not felt. The effect of the shock began to manifest itself at levels higher than the fifth floor of the buildings. The distribution of points on the map where the earthquake was felt is non-uniform. Points where tremor was felt do not appear to correspond with certain types of Quaternary deposits or with zones of different depth. There is also no significant correlation of the parts of the surface with high intensities of tremor and areas of ground-water flooding. Comparison between the surface manifestations of the seismic event and the tectonic features and deep structure of the metropolis was made. Based on the results of the implemented statistical estimation of distribution points where the earthquake was felt on the territory of the city it is visible that fault zones govern the largest number of points, while block structures characterize almost half of them. Thus, we can reasonably suggest a certain macroseismic increase of vibrations from earthquakes in the areas of large faults in the city. The study of deformations of the asphalt cover of walkways on the landslide-affected slope of Vorobyovy Hills showed that the tremor caused by the Okhotsk deep focus earthquake of May 24, 2013, caused the activation of a small landslide at all levels of the hillside. 相似文献
4.
Karel Prikner Jaroslay Střeštík Karel Dobeš Reviewer M. Hvoždara 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1973,17(4):337-345
Summary Using the method of two-component spectral analysis of planar oscillation events by means of computer processing of A-t records, a series of about 100 samples of geomagnetic beating-type pulsations pc3 was treated. The quantitative data obtained on the internal structure of the pulsations (frequency spectra and polarization characteristics) were treated statistically. The pattern of the daily variations of the frequencies and amplitudes of the fundamental amplitude-dominating frequency components of the pulsations and the daily variations of the polarization characteristics of these components, the ellipticity of the polarization ellipses, the directions of the main axes of these ellipses and the sense of rotation of the disturbance vector along the ellipses were obtained.A part of the results was reported at the XVth General Assembly of the IUGG, Moscow, August 1971. 相似文献
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Identification of contaminants, determination of their biological hazard and content in water are important practical tasks while assessing water quality in sources of drinking water supply of large cities. Presented herein is a review regarding pharmaceutical pollution of waters in various countries. Given are original data concerning contamination of water objects—sources of water supply of Moscow with components of pharmaceuticals and metabolites of therapeutic agents. Worked out is a retrieval and calculation technology of assessing hazards of substances. Proposed is the use of “structure-activity” calculation technologies for prediction of side effects of pharmaceuticals and pharmacological activity of other organic xenobiotics not used in medicine. Certain ways of decreasing pharmaceutical pollution are recommended. 相似文献
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The development of studies of solar sources and their effects on the state of the near-Earth space required systematization of the corresponding information in the form of databases and catalogs for the entire time of observation of any geoeffective phenomenon that includes, if possible at the time of creation, all of the characteristics of the phenomena themselves and the sources of these phenomena on the Sun. A uniform presentation of information in the form of a series of similar catalogs that cover long time intervals is of particular importance. The large amount of information collected in such catalogs makes it necessary to use modern methods of its organization and presentation that allow a transition between individual parts of the catalog and a quick search for necessary events and their characteristics, which is implemented in the presented Catalog of Solar Proton Events in the 23rd Cycle of Solar Activity of the sequence of catalogs (six separate issues) that cover the period from 1970 to 2009 (20th–23rd solar cycles). 相似文献
9.
共搜集到１９６０￣１９９０年中、南美洲地区１０个地震序列。其中１个是板内地震序列。这个板内地震序列表现出的特征是：震中分布区域的长轴较短,长短轴之比低;余震震源机制和主震震源机制相比变化大。其余９个是俯冲带上的板缘地震序列,它们的共同特征是：震中分布区域的长轴较长;震源深度下限超过地壳,可以达到７０ｋｍ以下（第１０号序列例外）;主震的震源机制受俯站带的走向、倾向和倾角的控制。但是这些震序列又分为两 相似文献
10.
本文介绍利用地震转换波测深法研究1976年7.8级唐山大震区深部构造的某些结果,得出了沿两条测线的深部构造剖面图。发现在极震区的数十公里的范围内,地壳和上地幔具有异常结构,在地壳中部比震区外围多出一个中间层位,埋深约12-20km,地壳上部界面向上挠曲,而莫霍面和上地幔顶部界面却强烈地向下挠曲,引起了震区岩石圈厚度的加大,在震区存在深浅不等的深部断裂。深部构造与震源分布的对比表明,唐山主震和绝大多数余震均分布在壳内中间层之上,有的甚至就分布在壳内中间层的上、下界面附近。转换波测深结果表明,本区地壳上地幔中强烈的升降差异运动可能是唐山大震的重要促发因素。 相似文献
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M. P. Petrov A. Yu. Terzhevik N. I. Palshin R. E. Zdorovennov G. E. Zdorovennova 《Water Resources》2005,32(5):496-504
Based on the analysis of data of many-year actinometric observations, a considerable temporal (interannual, seasonal, synoptic, and diurnal) and spatial variability of the albedo of the snow-and-ice cover of a shallow lake is shown. The ranges of variations in the albedo of snow and ice for a wide spectrum of the state of surface and weather conditions are presented. The variability of the thickness and structure of snow-and-ice cover is analyzed for different periods in winter. The results of field experiments aimed to determine the degree of absorption of solar radiation by snow and ice are presented. The effective coefficients of absorption of solar radiation by snow and ice are determined. The comparison of the observed and calculated values of the under-ice radiation has shown that the determined coefficients adequately describe the absorption of solar radiation by snow-and-ice cover. 相似文献
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既有线提速是高速铁路发展的重要方向之一。本文主要对轨道路基在列车荷载作用下的动力响应规律进行了研究。首先,建立轨道系统在移动荷载作用下的动力响应理论分析模型,该模型将轨道结构视为连续支承欧拉梁,对ANSYS软件进行二次开发,实现了模型的数值分析;然后,建立直线段轨道数值分析模型,利用该模型分析了荷载速度、载重、不平顺波长、不平顺波深对既有线路提速200km／h客货共线直线段钢轨、轨枕的竖向位移及竖向加速度的影响。可为制定新的铁路养护技术规范提供技术参考。 相似文献
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本文根据地震和地震构造等资料，研究华北地区公元1300年以来MS≥6.5级地震的发震断裂的基本参数.利用1966年以来隆尧、海城、渤海和唐山等有仪器记录的地震的相关参数进行回归分析得出了地震烈度Ⅷ度区长轴长度与余震区长轴长度的回归关系式及震级与震源体破裂长度的回归关系式.用余震区长轴长度代替震源体的破裂长度，从而给出各次地震的震源断层破裂长度.利用地震测深的地壳结构构造剖面、地震序列的震源分布、壳内低速层和地壳上部的构造、盆地构造与居里面分布和已知地震震源分布等资料推断了震源破裂的上下界.基于一定的合理假定推导出了断层滑动角的估计方法，并应用于本研究区，得出了各次事件的断层滑动角. 相似文献
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We have analyzed the geometric characteristics of sunspots. The form of sunspots has been studied by sunspot image normalization to obtain the average profile of spots and the profile relative to the position of cores. The deviation of the sunspot form from the axisymmetric configuration has been studied. We have found that the spots of leading and trailing polarities have a drop shape. The cores of leading and trailing sunspots are shifted toward the western and eastern edges of the photosphere–penumbra boundary, respectively. The strength of the magnetic field of the cores of leading spots in the eastern hemisphere exceeds the field strength in the western hemisphere. We considered the tilt of the form of sunspots as a function of size. The form of spots of a large area (S > 1000 ppm of solar hemisphere) is elongated along the magnetic axis of the bipole of a group of sunspots. 相似文献
16.
Antonín Zeman Reviewer M. Burša Reviewer M. Pick 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1981,25(3):284-288
Summary Simple expressions for the deformation of equipotential surfaces and changes of the deflections of the vertical are derived at points of the Earth's surface, which are due to the variations of the rotational component of the gravity potential under free nutation of the Earth's axis of rotation (pole wandering). The results of the solution of this problem given in[1] are discussed. The values of the tilts and the changes of geoid heights for extreme deviations of the poles are considered from the point of view of the effect on measuring tilts and on levelling. An elastically deformable Earth is assumed. It is concluded that reductions with respect to the mean Earth's pole are not realistic at the present degree of accuracy of levelling. The necessity to reduce long-term tilt observations, or the possibility of determining the time variations of the rotational axis from the analysis of these observations is pointed out. 相似文献
17.
弹性孔隙介质分界面上的反透射系数特征,在岩性划分、流体识别、储层边界判识等方面有重要的应用.本文研究上层为含两项不混合黏性流体孔隙介质、下层为含单项黏性流体孔隙介质分界面上的反透射理论.首先根据两种孔隙介质分界面上的能量守恒得到边界条件,再将波函数、位移、应力与应变关系代入边界条件,推导出完全连通孔隙情况下,第一类纵波入射到孔隙介质分界面上的反透射系数方程.通过建立砂岩孔隙介质模型,分别分析不同孔隙流体类型、不同含油饱和度及不同入射角情况下,各类波的反透射系数特征.研究表明,第二、三类纵波反透射系数数值比第一类纵波小多个数量级,且两者对入射角的变化不敏感,但对孔隙流体性质、含油饱和度的变化较敏感,而横波反透射系数特征恰好与此相反;第一类纵波反透射系数特征比较复杂,入射角、孔隙流体的性质及含油饱和度的变化都对其产生影响.不同孔隙流体弹性物性的差异、孔隙介质中含油饱和度的变化及不同入射角引起垂向和切向应力分量的变化都会影响各类波的反透射系数特征,分析这些特征可以为研究储层含油气性提供理论基础. 相似文献
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深井井下地震综合观测对仪器的可靠性要求很高, 为满足高可靠性的要求, 我们提出了基于6个斜轴悬挂平动分量传感器的高可靠深井地震计解决方案。 使用该方案的高可靠深井地震计的可靠性是普通三分量地震计的20倍, 为了最大限度发挥高可靠深井地震计方案的优势, 需要掌握各分量的工作状态。 本文研究了所有6个分量传感器输出波形的特征, 提出垂直向波形符合性检验、 水平向波形符合性检验和X、 Y、 Z波形符合性检验方法, 由此掌握各分量传感器的工作状态。 这些方法有助于确定井下各分量地震计的工作状态, 从而决定采用适当的组合来获得相对最佳的X、 Y、 Z输出波形, 最大限度发挥6分量井下地震计的性能。 相似文献
19.
V. A. Bol’shakov 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2011,47(9):792-800
Some methods of the interpretation and application of paleomagnetic data for the stratigraphic separation and correlation
of Neopleistocene moraines, as well as the factors affecting the degree of ordering of magnetic moments of ferromagnetic particles
in a moraine, are considered. A refined interpretation of the well-known Ryabushkin-Pevzner model of moraine magnetization
is proposed. It is shown that the way of using an occasional coincidence of the direction of long axes of fragments with the
direction of magnetization vectors, which is stated in some publications, has no grounds for its application for the stratigraphic
separation of moraines related to the Dnieper and Moscow glaciations. However, it cannot be ruled out that this phenomenon
may be used for the investigation of processes of glacial lithogenesis. 相似文献
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The study of magnetization of the ceramic material from 21 archeological monuments of Portugal (the Evora province), dated archeologically from the Bronze Age to the end of the Iron Age has been carried out. For the purpose of more detailed timing of the material from the monuments the method of ceramic age dating on the basis of its porosity has been used. In order to take into account the distorted factors in the determination of the parameters of the ancient geomagnetic field with the aim of the maximal approximation to the actual values the diagnostic features of magnetite weathering have been considered and the level of weathering of the magnetic fraction in the ceramics from archeological monuments has been determined. The data of geomagnetic field-strength variation in the time interval of the 12th century BC to the beginning of the Common Era have been obtained. The field-strength at this time interval varied in the range of 60–90 micro Tesla with the maximal values in the 9th, 8th, and the second half of the 5th to the beginning of the 4th century BC. In addition, the timing of the ceramic material from the urns of the megalithic complex Monte de Tera of the Evora province has been clarified. 相似文献