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海洋可控源电磁法(mCSEM)的时间域冲激响应特征可以反映海底油气高阻薄层.本文计算了水平电偶极子源均匀大地半空间,海洋均匀双半空间和海洋四层模型的阶跃响应和冲激响应,提出了瞬变冲激时刻的概念.分析了水平电偶源瞬变冲激时刻与介质电导率的指示关系.对于海底油气高阻薄层宜采用多偏移距同时测量方式,由于在低电导率介质中电磁能量传播得要快,在适当的收发距瞬变冲激时刻会提前到达,提出的瞬变冲激时刻道间变化量可以明确指示高阻薄层的存在及埋深.文中还分析了海水深度对瞬变冲激时刻的影响.由于“天波”干扰,瞬变冲激响应受到一定收发距观测的限制.消除 “天波”影响是时间域和频率域mCSEM数据处理的研究热点. 相似文献
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深入分析了均匀半空间中瞬变电磁场的解析表达式,发现瞬变响应曲线随地下电导率、发射回线边长与观测时间具有平移伸缩特性,并据此提出了一种新的直接计算全区视电阻率的方法.该法与现有计算全区视电阻率的方法的不同点在于：无需迭代和求解非线性方程,速度快,精度高,算法稳定,且只有惟一解. 相似文献
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近源时域电磁场具有信号强、探测深度大和精度高等优点,但传统瞬变电磁场理论中偶极子近似在近源区会引起较大误差,推导瞬变电磁场直接时域解析式是解决这一问题的关键.本文在点电荷微元假设下通过时域格林函数,采用分离变量等方法推导出了上半空间一次有源波动场和反射波的时域解析式和下半空间二次无源波动场的时域解析式,结合均匀半空间瞬变电磁场的边界条件给出了均匀半空间瞬变电磁场的直接时域解析式,进而利用第一型曲线积分,通过沿回线源叠加推导出圆回线源在瞬变电磁场中的直接时域解析式.然后在半空间表面上,与传统的电偶极源假设下的表达式作了比较.数值结果表明两者在远源区的计算结果相差甚微,而近源区则存在很大误差.本文利用真正点元（点电荷）严密推导给出的均匀半空间表面上瞬变电磁场的直接时域解析式适用于全场区探测,克服了偶极子假设下只适用远场区的不足,为瞬变电磁法的进一步发展和实际勘探提供了新的理论基础. 相似文献
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采用模拟离散的有限体积法实现了双轴各向异性地层回线源瞬变电磁三维正演.首先引入内积定义,采用自然边界条件,将瞬变电磁法的控制方程转化为弱形式表示.将计算区域划分为一系列的控制体积单元,采用交错网格对控制方程进行模拟有限体积空间离散,包括旋度算子离散和空间内积离散.基于斯托克斯定理的旋度积分定义公式实现旋度算子离散.中点平均实现电导率双轴各向异性的空间内积离散,从而得到离散化的控制方程.时间步迭代采用无条件稳定的欧拉后向差分格式.并通过均匀全空间中稳定电流回线源的磁场解析表达式得到回线源初始时刻的电磁场分布.为了同时保证计算精度和效率,本文采用分段等间隔的时间步迭代,利用直接法求解器PARDISO实现其快速求解.最后通过对比层状模型和各向异性半空间模型的正演计算结果,验证了本文算法的计算精度和计算效率;计算三维双轴各向异性模型的正演响应可知,水平方向电导率变化对电磁响应产生显著影响,而垂直方向的电导率变化对电磁响应几乎没有影响.产生这一现象的主要原因是回线源产生的感应电流主要是水平方向的,因此响应主要受到水平方向电导率的影响,垂直方向的电导率影响很小. 相似文献
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本文从瞬变电磁均匀半空间二次磁场响应公式出发,提出了一种基于神经网络的视电阻率快速计算方法.以中心回线为例,根据瞬变响应公式的特点,简化网络结构,选用三层BP神经网络和误差训练算法,用均匀半空间样本数据进行训练,确定了收敛快、误差小的一步正割法和隐含单元数,得到基于不同采样时窗的一组网络参数.用本文方法与二分法、牛顿迭代法做模型计算比较,及最后的实验计算,说明算法的快速,准确.本文方法不依赖初始模型,避开了复杂的电磁场数值计算,实现了视电阻率的快速计算,对瞬变电磁法资料的快速解释有一定的参考价值. 相似文献
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井中瞬变电磁法(Bore-hole transient electromagnetic method-BHTEM)是指接收线圈在钻井中观测瞬变场响应用以勘查深部矿产资源的勘探方法,其中以地-井(地面激发井中接收)组合方式研究最多、应用最广.本文应用时域有限差分法(FDTD),建立包含薄板导体的均匀半空间二维数学模型,采用线源为激发源,选用Mur吸收边界条件,对矩形回线源在半空间中产生的瞬变电磁场进行数值模拟,计算了低阻板状导体在均质半空间和有低阻覆盖层影响情况下的地-井瞬变电磁异常响应,并对响应的特征及规律进行研究分析,为研究地-井TEM提供参考. 相似文献
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中心回线装置是瞬变电磁勘探中最常用的装置之一.中心回线装置的视电阻率一般从回线中心点场的公式出发导出.在现场实际施工中,为提高工作效率,把发射回线中部三分之一的区域作为观测范围.通过对场分布特征的分析研究表明,与中心点相比,观测区边缘处的感应电动势数值偏离达15%~25%,这与广泛存在于华北型煤系中赋存深度为400~1000 m的陷落柱、导水小断层等引起的异常相比,已经不可忽略.大定源回线公式可以准确地表示任意场点的感应电动势,由此导出视电阻率无边缘效应影响;观测按照中心回线方式并保持在近区进行,可使感应电动势和视电阻率之间的转换简单而直接.理论和实际应用结果表明,这些措施进一步提高了瞬变电磁探测中心回线方法的探测精度.在有上覆低阻屏蔽层的情况下,对埋深500~700 m的陷落柱给出了明显的异常反映,并被井下掘进所验证. 相似文献
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传统瞬变电磁法（TEM）认为临界阻尼匹配时传感器响应快、无振荡,为最佳匹配方式.本文通过建立基于标定环的TEM系统标定模型,理论证明当略欠阻尼匹配时传感器响应最快、时域畸变最小,为最佳匹配方式.本文采用基于实测数据的背景场剔除方法将一次场和大地响应剔除,通过对不同阻尼状态下标定环早期响应畸变的定量评价,实验证明传感器在略欠阻尼匹配状态下二次场响应畸变最小.本文理论和标定实验均证明,在纯二次场观测方式下,采用略欠阻尼匹配方式能够显著降低早期响应畸变、提高系统浅层探测能力,是浅层探测时传感器最佳匹配方式. 相似文献
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Analysing two‐dimensional effects in central loop transient electromagnetic sounding data using a semi‐synthetic tipper approach 
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下载免费PDF全文 We present a simple and feasible approach to analyse and identify two‐dimensional effects in central loop transient electromagnetic sounding data and the correspondingly derived quasi two‐dimensional conductivity models. The proposed strategy is particularly useful in minimising interpretation errors. It is based on the calculation of a semi‐synthetic transient electromagnetic tipper at each sounding and for each observational transient time point. The semi‐synthetic transient electromagnetic tipper is derived from the measured vertical component of the induced voltage and the synthetically calculated horizontal component. The approach is computationally inexpensive and involves one two‐dimensional forward calculation of an obtained quasi two‐dimensional conductivity section. Based on a synthetic example, we demonstrate that the transient electromagnetic tipper approach is applicable in identifying which transient data points and which corresponding zones in a derived quasi two‐dimensional subsurface model are affected by two‐dimensional inhomogeneities. The one‐dimensional inversion of such data leads to false models. An application of the semi‐synthetic transient electromagnetic tipper to field data from the Azraq basin in Jordan reveals that, in total, eight of 80 investigated soundings are affected by two‐dimensional structures although the field data can be fitted optimally using one‐dimensional inversion techniques. The largest semi‐synthetic tipper response occurs in a 300 m‐wide region around a strong lateral resistivity contrast. The approach is useful for analysing structural features in derived quasi two‐dimensional sections and for qualitatively investigating how these features affect the transient response. To avoid misinterpretation, these identified zones corresponding to large tipper values are excluded from the interpretation of a quasi two‐dimensional conductivity model. Based on the semi‐synthetic study, we also demonstrate that a quantitative interpretation of the horizontal voltage response (e.g. by inversion) is usually not feasible as it requires the exact sensor position to be known. Although a tipper derived purely from field data is useful as a qualitative tool for identifying two‐dimensional distortion effects, it is only feasible if the sensor setup is sufficiently accurate. Our proposed semi‐synthetic transient electromagnetic tipper approach is particularly feasible as an a posteriori approach if no horizontal components are recorded or if the sensor setup in the field is not sufficiently accurate. 相似文献
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瞬变电磁法在浅海工程勘探等领域受到了越来越多的关注.目前浅海瞬变电磁仍处于应用初期,相关研究少且未有成熟装备问世,有必要研究其探测能力并为观测系统选取最佳观测参数.本文以几种典型发射波形为例,采用褶积算法细致分析了不同发射波形条件下浅海瞬变电磁on-/off-time响应受海底介质电导率、磁导率及发射波形脉宽等参数的影响特征与规律;通过三维正演并设定极限探测深度阈值,进一步分析不同发射波形on-/offtime期间浅海瞬变电磁探测能力及对典型三维目标体的极限探测深度.基于本文研究成果,可为浅海瞬变电磁探测装置设计、观测系统的参数选取及试验参数的选取等提供了一些有价值的理论借鉴. 相似文献
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针对我国西南印度洋合同区热液硫化物矿快速、有效以及便捷地质勘探装备的要求,研发了由甲板控制系统、万米光电复合缆、仪器舱拖体和天线拖体组成的深海6000 m拖曳式瞬变电磁系统.为了便于拖体布放和快速发现异常,选择重叠回线收发装置类型;采用理论数值计算确定了在拖曳高度不大于50 m的前提下,观测1～100ms窗范围内的二次场响应,可以发现近海底深海热液硫化物矿堆;另外,通过不同拖延深度海上试验,研究了拖曳深度对瞬变电磁的影响规律及仪器性能.大洋第30航次第二航段在西南印度洋脊热液区,应用该系统发现了明显的瞬变电磁异常.印证了系统的有效性. 相似文献
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L. K. Law 《Surveys in Geophysics》1983,6(1-2):123-135
All aspects of Marine Electromagnetic Research have made important advances over the last few years: theoretical studies, instrument design and data from equipment on the bottom of the ocean. The seafloor results show that the depth to the conducting asthenosphere is greater under older lithosphere and thus the thickness of the lithosphere increases with age. To obtain greater resolution of the electrical conductivity structure of the upper layers, several controlled source systems were developed. The first observations indicate a decrease in conductivity a few kilometers below the seafloor. Improved theoretical response curves for the electromagnetic fields at an ocean-continent boundary are now available. The theoretical curves, combined with land and seafloor data from coastal regions, allow the effects of the electric currents induced in the seawater to be separated from those caused by currents in the tectonic structure at the continental margin. Of growing interest is the application of electromagnetic methods to determine oceanographic wave parameters. Recent studies have investigated meanders in ocean current patterns, the response of internal edge waves and the tidal effect. With the forseeable improvements in seafloor instrumentation it will be possible to investigate the conductivity structure of offshore basins and the hydrothermal deposits associated with spreading ridges. 相似文献