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利用小杂鱼,低值鱼提取浓缩鱼蛋白 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
以小杂鱼、低值鱼为原料，采用溶剂萃取法研究了溶剂种类温度、时间和溶剂量对鱼蛋白提取过程中脱水、脱脂、脱色和脱腥的影响，筛选出提取浓缩鱼蛋白最佳工艺条件。结果表明：在该工艺条件下制得的浓缩鱼蛋白提取其蛋白质含量达９２．２８％，脂肪含量仅为０．０９２％。 相似文献
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木瓜蛋白酶在制取青鳞鱼可溶性蛋白中的应用 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
研究了木瓜蛋白酶的酶解温度，酶浓度，酶解时间，加水量，pH值对青鳞鱼可溶性蛋白得率的影响，探讨了α－氨态氮含量与青鳞鱼与可溶性蛋白得率的关系。结果表明：温度小于50℃，随着酶解温度的提高，酶浓度的增加，酶解时间的延长青鳞鱼可溶性蛋白得率及α－氨态氮的含量均增加，α＝氨态氮含量增加比可溶性蛋白得率的增加明显；加水量的增加，可溶性蛋白得率增加；pH值对水解效果及可溶性蛋白得率影响不大。综合考虑，最佳水解条件为：温度50℃，酶浓度为1500u/g，酶解时间80min,m原料：m水＝1：2，pH6.8。酶解所得可溶性蛋白经氨基酸分析仪检测,其氨基酸总量为49.47mg/mL，必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的41．0％，游离氨基酸含量为6.3mg/mL，肽含量为87．2％。 相似文献
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以小杂鱼或低值鱼为原料，采用常温溶剂萃取法进行脱脂，研究了不同溶剂、溶剂混合比、流速和萃取时间对鱼类脱脂的影响。结果表明，在常温下用等体积的异丙醇和乙酸乙酯混合溶剂，以流速4-8mL／min连续萃取4—6h，脱脂鱼肉的脂肪平均含量ω为0．19％，脱脂率高达96．26％。该方法的溶剂损耗量为加热溶剂萃取法的1／3倍。 相似文献
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配饵中不同大豆浓缩蛋白含量对中华绒螯蟹消化酶活力的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究了大豆浓缩蛋白作为饵料蛋白源对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹消化酶活力的影响．初步探讨了中华绒螯蟹对饵料蛋白源的内在适应机理。根据中华绒螫蟹的营养需求．用大豆浓缩蛋白替代鱼粉作为蛋白源配制成6种近似等蛋白等能的饵料，其中大豆浓缩蛋白在饵料中的含量分别为0、11％、22％、33％、44％和56％（分别替代鱼蛋白质量的0、18．64％、37．93％、56．90％、77．19％和100%），对照饵料全部以鱼粉作为蛋白源。用上述6种饵料喂养中华绒螫蟹50d后．测定蟹肝胰腺各种消化酶活力。结果表明：随着饵料中大豆浓缩蛋白含量的升高，胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶活力均芏降低之势。当大豆浓缩蛋白含量达到44％时，与全鱼粉对照组相比．胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶活力显著性降低（P〈0．05）；同时，淀粉酶稍呈升高之势，而纤维素酶则稍呈降低的趋势；A／T、比例呈显著上升的趋势。半大豆浓缩蛋白含量达44％时，与对照组有显著性差异，说明河蟹对植物蛋白有很强的适应性。 相似文献
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研究了木瓜蛋白酶的酶解温度、酶浓度、酶解时间、加水量、pH值对青鳞鱼可溶性蛋白得率的影响 ,探讨了α 氨态氮含量与青鳞鱼可溶性蛋白得率的关系。结果表明 :温度小于 5 0℃ ,随着酶解温度的提高、酶浓度的增加、酶解时间的延长青鳞鱼可溶性蛋白得率及α 氨态氮的含量均增加 ,α 氨态氮含量增加比可溶性蛋白得率的增加明显 ;加水量的增加 ,可溶性蛋白得率增加 ;pH值对水解效果及可溶性蛋白得率影响不大。综合考虑 ,最佳水解条件为 :温度 5 0℃ ,酶浓度为 1 5 0 0u/g ,酶解时间 80min ,m原料 :m水 =1∶2 ,pH 6 8。酶解所得可溶性蛋白经氨基酸分析仪检测 ,其氨基酸总量为 49 47mg/mL ,必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的 41 0 % ,游离氨基酸含量为 6 3mg/mL ,肽含量为 87 2 %。 相似文献
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研究了青鳞鱼蛋白复合酶控制水解产物的功能特性。结果表明，复合酶控制水解能够显著地改善水解物的溶解性、乳化活力及起泡性能。水解物在pH2．0～10．0范围内其NSI为89．3％～98．5％，且在酸性范围NSI高于碱性范围；在酸性pH内水解物的乳化活力都高于112m^2／g，随着DH的增加，最大乳化活力出现的pH范围更宽广，但水解却降低了乳化稳定性。蛋白质质量分数为1％～5％时，FP随质量分数的增加而增加；泡沫形成后，未水解的蛋白质具有最高的稳定性，DH为8．4％的水解物具有最高的稳定性。 相似文献
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以人工孵化的军曹鱼（Rachycentron canadum）卵黄囊期仔鱼为材料，对仔鱼早期阶段的摄食及生长情况进行研究。结果表明：在水温28～32℃条件下，军曹鱼仔鱼3日龄开始摄食，6日龄时卵黄完全耗尽，6～7日龄饥饿仔鱼进入不可逆点（PNR）期；混合营养期3～4d。饥饿仔鱼的初次摄食率开始较低，此后上升，到卵黄囊快要耗尽时达高峰（50％），以后又下降。内营养期，仔鱼日平均生长率为0．86mm／d；PNR前的摄食期，饥饿仔鱼的日平均增长率为0．068mm／d，而摄食仔鱼的日平均生长率为0．64mm／d；PNR后至死亡前，饥饿仔鱼体长呈负增长，而摄食仔鱼的日平均生长率达1．04mm／d。摄食仔鱼在孵化后8d内的全长和日龄呈指数关系；前10d的口径与全长呈正比关系。 相似文献
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采用正交设计法,研究了马尾藻高活性膳食纤维的提取工艺条件,筛选出马尾藻碱溶性和不溶性膳食纤维的提取与漂白的最佳工艺条件,并将提取到的两种膳食纤维组分重新组合。结果表明,马尾藻高活性膳食纤维的总产率达27．9％,颜色较白,总膳食纤维干基含量达81．08％,钙含量6．82％,磷含量0．23％,膨胀力为22mL／g,持水力为1250％,质量和功能性指标远远超过西方国家标准。 相似文献
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酶解法提取鱼油的工艺参数优化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用蛋白酶酶解法从黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)加工的下脚料———鱼头中提取鱼油。以鱼油提取率和感官特征为指标,通过正交优化实验设计,获得了胰蛋白酶提取鱼油的最佳酶解工艺参数:酶解温度45℃,酶添加量1.5%,料液质量比1∶1,酶解时间4 h,酶解pH 8。在该条件下,鱼油的提取率为4.34%,理化指标除过氧化值外均达到SC/T3502-2000的粗鱼油二级标准,多不饱和脂肪酸总含量高达38.47%,其中DHA和EPA的含量分别为23.63%和4.84%。 相似文献
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The pigments in Laminariajaponica was extracted with six organic solvents and analyzed in spectroscopy analysis. The extractions conditions were screened by an orthogonal test and the quantity of extracted pigments was determined spectroscopically. The results show that： （1） among the six organic solvents, acetone was the most effective one for the extraction; （2） the optimum extraction conditions were as follows： the ratio of S/M （solvent volume/ material weight） was 30 ml/g; fresh seaweed was extracted 2 times in 2 h; （3） the average total content of pigments was 1.85 mg/g （calculated with dry L. japonica）. 相似文献
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对-20℃下冰冻,常温下酒精、甲醛溶液和Bouin氏液等保存条件下的鱼体组织(血液、肌肉、鳞片、鳍条)的DNA提取方法作了比较,并经琼脂糖凝胶电泳、紫外分光光度计检测及RAPD扩增结果验证。结果表明,除鳞片外,新鲜组织、-20℃冰冻组织以常规方法可提取出较高质量的DNA;保存于70%酒精或10%甲醛溶液中的组织,经预处理,亦可得高质量DNA;新鲜、冰冻、70%酒精或短时间10%甲醛固定的鳞片经适当预处理也可提取出较高质量的DNA。 相似文献
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Din Siti Sabariah Chew Kit Wayne Chang Yu-Kaung Show Pau Loke Phang Siew Moi Juan Joon Ching 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2019,37(3):871-880
The effect of sonication pretreatment condition on Eucheuma cottonii and Gelidium amansii seaweed towards agar extraction wae studied. Four parameters were changed during sonication to investigate the effects on agar yield and quality. These parameters include the time interval, concentration ratio, frequency, and intensity. The highest amount of agar extracted from Eucheuma cottonii species could be obtained from the time interval of 30 min, seaweed weight to solvent volume ratio of 1:20, the frequency of 35 Hz, and the sonication power intensity of 30%. For Gelidium amansii species, the best agar yield also could be obtained from the time interval of 30 min, 1:20 of seaweed weight to water volume ratio, the frequency of 35 Hz, and power intensity of 30%. From the experiment, sonication pretreatment significantly influenced the yield and properties of extracted agar. The sonication with autoclaved seaweed produced agar containing less sulfate content, which is an excellent chemical property for gel electrophoresis applications.The gel strength of sonication with autoclaving for both seaweeds, Eucheuma and Gelidium species was the highest among those by sonication with direct heating, which proved that sonication pretreatment with autoclaving could enhance the physical properties of the agar. 相似文献
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采用直接甲酯化、乙醚抽提、正己烷提取等3种方法对微拟球藻进行前处理,用索氏法提取油脂,经气相色谱分析,对比前处理方法对微拟球藻油脂提取率及脂肪酸组分的影响。结果表明:乙醚提取藻粉油脂的提取率(微藻的油脂质量分数)为12.70%,正己烷提取藻粉油脂的提取率为11.00%,乙醚提取油脂的提取率大于正己烷的提取率;直接甲酯化后测得微拟球藻脂肪酸中多不饱和脂肪酸(Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids,PUFAs)质量分数为20.04%,多不饱和脂肪酸中二十碳五烯酸(Eicosapentaenoic Acid,EPA)含量最丰富,占总脂肪酸13.0%;经过乙醚和正己烷提取后的油脂,脂肪酸组成更加简单,PUFAs含量明显增加,乙醚提取油脂EPA含量是直接甲脂化法的2.3倍,正己烷提取所得油脂EPA含量是直接甲脂化法的2.08倍。 相似文献
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Ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction was confirmed as a novel,effective method for separating lipid from mackerel pro-tein,resulting in a degreasing rate (DR) of 95% and a nitrogen recovery (NR) of 88.6%.To obtain protein hydrolysates with high ni-trogen recovery and low bitter taste,enzymatic hydrolysis was performed using eight commercially available proteases.It turned out that the optimum enzyme was the ‘Mixed enzymes for animal proteolysis’.An enzyme dosage of 4%,a temperature of 50℃,and a hydrolysis time of 300 min were found to be the optimum conditions to obtain high NR (84.28%) and degree of hydrolysis (DH,16.18%) by orthogonal experiments.Glutamic acid was the most abundant amino acid of MDP (defatted mackerel protein) and MDPH (defatted mackerel protein hydrolysates).Compared with the FAO/WHO reference protein,the essential amino acid chemical scores (CS) were greater than 1.0 (1.0 1.7) in MDPH,which is reflective of high nutritional value.This,coupled with the light color and slight fishy odor,indicates that MDPH would potentially have a wide range of applications such as nutritional additives,functional ingredients,and so on. 相似文献
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Marine organisms constitute unlimited resource of bioactive substances due to their high biodiversity and represent a valuable source of new compounds. This study optimized the alkali-extraction conditions and antioxidant activities of soluble polysaccharides from the body wall of Sipunculus nudus. The effects of solid-liquid ratio, extraction duration, extraction temperature, and alkali concentration on the yield of S. nudus polysaccharides (SNP) were examined, according to which the optimal combination of extraction parameters was obtained by an orthogonal test. The relative influencing importance of different extraction parameters on the yield of SNP followed the order as solid-liquid ratio > extraction temperature > alkali concentration > extraction duration. The highest extraction yield, 1.98%, was achieved under an optimal extraction condition: temperature 60°C, solid-liquid ratio 1:6 g mL?1, duration 5 h, and alkali (NaOH) mass fraction 6%. The in vitro antioxidant activities examination showed that extracted SNP under this optimized condition had strong power in reducing certain hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging abilities. The promising results showed that extracted SNP could be a potent natural antioxidant. 相似文献
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建筑物是城市环境中的主要地物类型,从高分影像等数据中自动提取建筑物对于提升土地利用变化检测、城市规划与土地执法等业务的质量与效率具有重要意义。本文针对现有建筑物提取方法存在的边界提取不精确的问题以及采用手工特征表达图像信息的局限性,融合LiDAR数据与高分影像两种数据源的特征信息,提出一种基于SegNet语义模型的建筑物提取新方法。首先,对LiDAR数据预处理得到数字表面模型（DSM）、数字地形模型（DTM）、归一化数字表面模型（nDSM）,利用高分影像NDVI值去除nDSM中部分树木点,得到结果影像nDSM_en;其次,分别获取LiDAR数据回波强度、表面曲率以及高分影像NDVI值 3个特征构建特征图像训练SegNet语义模型,利用训练得到的模型完成建筑物初始提取;最后,采用阈值法分割nDSM_en得到影像对象,利用影像对象约束建筑物初始提取结果,完成建筑物精提取。在以ISPRS 官方提供的标准数据集（数据采集的地理区域为德国Vaihingen,采集时间2008年7—8月）为样本的实验中,本文方法在像素层次的平均查全率、平均查准率和提取质量分别为96.4%、94.8%和91.7%;针对面积大于50 m 2的建筑物对象,上述3个指标均为100%。实验结果表明：本文提出与实现的建筑物提取方法更好地利用了反映建筑物与非建筑物本质差异的特征信息,有效地实现了2种数据源的相对优势互补,提高了建筑物的检测与提取精度。 相似文献
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The ciliate Tetrahymena is a valuable model organism in the studies of ecotoxicology. Changes in intracellular metabolism are caused by exogenous chemicals in the environment. Intracellular metabolite changes signify toxic effects and can be monitored by metabolomics analysis. In this work, a protocol for the GC-MS-based metabolomic analysis of Tetrahymena was established. Different extraction solvents showed divergent effects on the metabolomic analysis of Tetrahymena thermophila. The peak intensity of metabolites detected in the samples of extraction solvent Formula 1(F1) was the strongest and stable, while 61 metabolites were identified. Formula 1 showed an excellent extraction performance for carbohydrates. In the samples of extraction solvent Formula 2(F2), 66 metabolites were characterized, and fatty acid metabolites were extracted. Meanwhile, 57 and 58 metabolites were characterized in the extraction with Formula 3(F3) and Formula 4(F4), respectively. However, the peak intensity of the metabolites was low, and the metabolites were unstable. These results indicated that different extraction solvents substantially affected the detected coverage and peak intensity of intracellular metabolites. A total of 74 metabolites(19 amino acids, 11 organic acids, 2 inorganic acids, 11 fatty acids, 11 carbohydrates, 3 glycosides, 4 alcohols, 6 amines, and 7 other compounds) were identified in all experimental groups. Among these metabolites, amino acids, glycerol, myoinositol, and unsaturated fatty acids may become potential biomarkers of metabolite set enrichment analysis for detecting the ability of T. thermophila against environmental stresses. 相似文献