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1.
为了合理评价我国南方下古生界页岩有机质热演化程度,研究其与页岩含气性关系;采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对中扬子地区6口调查井、3个露头剖面的20件页岩样品的芳烃馏分进行了分析,并对代表不同区域的6件样品进行显微激光拉曼测试.分析结果显示拉曼D、G峰参数可以很好地计算过成熟至球粒石墨阶段高演化样品的有机质成熟度;拉曼D峰的子峰包含有芳烃含量的重要信息,随着有机质热演化程度的增加,与芳烃含量有关的D4子峰强度不断降低.芳烃中菲系列化合物和二苯并噻吩系列化合物在RmcRo=2.73%~4.67%范围内的演化具有明显规律性;虽然甲基菲成熟度公式在该阶段已经不适用,但表征3-MP+2-MP相对含量的参数F1仍是很好的有机质成熟度指标;在有机质过成熟演化阶段,F1先随成熟度增加逐渐增加至0.74附近（Ro=3%附近）,之后随成熟度增加逐渐减小.二苯并噻吩化合物参数2,4-/1,4-DMDBT和4,6-/1,4-DMDBT在过成熟阶段随成熟度增加而增大,两值分别增至2和4.5时对应页岩等效镜质体反射率为4%.页岩芳烃系列化合物在过成熟阶段随有机质热演化程度增加而发生的异构化作用和脱甲基作用与有机质的比表面积变化有较好的耦合作用,与页岩气调查井的气显情况也有较好的相关性;页岩芳烃特征对过成熟阶段页岩气的生成具有重要的指示意义,可以作为我国南方下古生界有机质过成熟地区页岩气勘探的有效指标. 相似文献
2.
所研究的辽河盆地东部凹陷沙一、沙二段烃源岩主要处于未成熟演化阶段,其可溶有机质中甾萜烷立体化学参数显示出“地质型”异构体的“异常”富集。各参数在普遍高于各自门限值的背景上,大致以２２００-２３００ｍ、２５００ｍ、２７００ｍ和２７７０ｍ为界线,呈现出系统的变化规律。同时发现萘、菲、氧芴和硫芴等系列化合物的成熟度参数与甾萜烷的成熟度参数的变化规律十分相似。本文对比进行了深入研究,结合原始可溶有机质红外特征吸收参数的变化特征,指出过渡带内甾萜烷及芳烃成熟度参数的变化规律受控于原始可溶有机质的演化特征,定性地提出了辽河盆地东部凹陷过渡带的地球化学判识标志,并认为本研究结果同样有助于不同地区过渡带气或未成熟油、低成熟油的判识。 相似文献
3.
所研究的辽河盆地东部凹陷沙一、沙二段烃源岩主要处于未成熟演化阶段,其可溶有机质中甾萜烷立体化学参数显示出“地质型”异构体的“异常”富集。各参数在普遍高于各自门限值的背景上,大致以２２００—２３００ｍ、２５００ｍ、２７００ｍ和２７７０ｍ为界线,呈现出系统的变化规律。同时发现萘、菲、氧芴和硫芴等系列化合物的成熟度参数与甾萜烷的成熟度参数的变化规律十分相似。本文对比进行了深入研究,结合原始可溶有机质红外特征吸收参数的变化特征,指出过渡带内甾萜烷及芳烃成熟度参数的变化规律受控于原始可溶有机质的演化特征,定性地提出了辽河盆地东部凹陷过渡带的地球化学判识标志,并认为本研究结果同样有助于不同地区过渡带气或未成熟油、低成熟油的判识。 相似文献
4.
采用人工合成标准物质共注实验、与文献报道的保留指数对比并结合异构体的结构及性质的方法,对石油和沉积有机质中 C3-和 C4-烷基取代二苯并噻吩类含硫多环芳烃化合物进行了系统的鉴定。确定了常规色谱质谱（GC-MS）分析中,烷基取代二苯并噻吩异构体在 HP-5MS （5%-苯基甲基聚硅氧烷）色谱柱上的标准保留指数。确认了前人初步鉴定的部分三甲基二苯并噻吩异构体甲基取代基位置,初步比较了 C3-和 C4-烷基取代二苯并噻吩在不同成因石油和沉积有机质中的分布特征,初步探讨了 C3-和 C4-烷基取代二苯并噻吩潜在的地球化学意义。研究结果为今后进一步探索烷基取代二苯并噻吩系列在石油和沉积有机质中的地球化学意义奠定了可靠的基础。 相似文献
5.
6.
Crude oils from different basins in China ,Australia and New Zealand were analyzed to character-ize aromatic hydrocarbons produced in different environments by means of GC/MS .The distributions of some common compounds such as naphthalene, phenanthrene, chrysene,pyrene, fluoranthene, fluorine,dibenzothiophene and dibenzofuran were found to be related to sedimentary environments.Especially the relative contents of fluorenes ,dibenzofurans and dibenzothiophenes can be used to di-vide the oils into three types(1) saline or marine carbonate environment;(2) fresh-brackish water lake;(3) swamp and coal-bearing sequence.A romatic biomarkers (e.g.retene, nor-abietene,derivatives of lupeol and β-amyrin)represent higher plant inpults with respect to the precursors of crude oils. High contents of sulphur-containing compounds like benzothiophene and dibenzothiophene series indicate a reducing sulphur-abundant diagenetic condition .The benzohopane series (C32-C35) was identified both in hypersaline and coal-bearing basins, and it is postulated to be the result of strong bacteria activity.In all the sam-ples, a complete series of alkyl benzenes was analyzed .The similarity of its carbon-number distrbu-tion with that of n-alkanes probably suggests their genetic relationship. The distribution of the methylphenanthrene series reflects the evolution degree of crude oils,MPI holding a positive correlation with C29-sterane 20S/(20S 20R). 相似文献
7.
Based on quantitative GC-MS analysis of 40 crude oil samples collected from the south area of western Qaidam Basin,one of the largest saline lacustrine basins in China,the geochemical characteristics of aromatic hydrocarbons in oils were studied systematically in this paper.Among those constitutes,naphthalene(43% 59%),phenanthrene(12% 21%) and taromatic-sterane series(6% 28%) were the main ones of aromatic hydrocarbons.The ratio of aromatic hydrocarbon maturity parameter vs.saturated hydrocarbon maturity parameter C 29 20S/(20S+20R) shows that some aromatic hydrocarbon maturity parameters are not suitable for low-mature oils,including MPI,MNR,DNR,etc.Meanwhile,maturity parameters for dibenzothiophene and taromatic-sterane series are more appropriate for low maturity saline lacustrine crude oils.Based on the ratio of 4,6-DMDBT/1,4-DMDBT,the R c values are within the range of 0.59% 0.72%.However,the abundance of dibenzothiophene(DBT) is low,and the dibenzofuran(DBF) content is even lower,suggesting that the crude oils were formed in a saline lacustrine anaerobic environment.The high abundance of C 26 triaromatic steroid also indicates that the source material is brackish water-saline water with strong reducibility. 相似文献
8.
鄂尔多斯盆地盐池-定边地区长7段烃源岩芳烃地球化学特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于鄂尔多斯盆地盐池-定边地区13口井16块长7烃源岩样品的GC-MS分析资料,研究了源岩的芳烃地球化学特征,进行了生源和沉积环境的分析,并探讨了芳烃系列成熟度评价参数在该地区的有效性。研究结果显示:研究区源岩主要以二环和三环芳烃类化合物为主,而四环和五环芳烃类化合物较低,芴含量较高,普遍含有1,2,5-TMN和1,2,5,6-TeMN且部分样品含量偏高,并检测出一定含量的惹烯、苝、和芘等陆源高等植物生物标志化合物,表明研究区源岩形成于滨浅湖弱氧化-弱还原的环境中,高等植物的输入对该地区源岩的形成占有一定贡献。芳烃中烷基萘、烷基菲和烷基二苯并噻吩等成熟度参数表明源岩样品现今正处于成熟阶段。虽然利用不同系列芳烃类化合物求取的等效镜质体反射率存在一定差异,但能定性地反映出源岩的热演化程度。 相似文献
9.
Thirty-one rock samples from a Western Canada Basin well have been analysed for aromatics, using glass capillary gas chromatography with simultaneous flame ionization and sulfur-selective flame photometric detection. A uniform aromatic distribution pattern with a marked predominance of di- and tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was observed throughout a depth interval of 3000 meters comprising Cretaceous and Jurassic sediments. The very high relative abundance of sulfur aromatics at two narrow intervals in the Triassic and Mississippian is attributed to a major change in facies. Gradual changes with increasing depth have been observed for a series of compound ratios, which had been calculated from the isomers of methyl- and dimethylphenanthrene, and their parent compounds. These changes reflect the increasing thermal maturation of the sedimentary organic matter. A Methylphenanthrene Index (MPI) has been introduced, which exhibited a very good correlation with vitrinite reflectance data. The MPI is the first maturity parameter which is based on a series of aromatic hydrocarbons. This hydrocarbon internal maturity parameter permits the recognition and definition of maturity levels in extracts which can be compared to the maturity (e.g. vitrinite reflectance) of source rocks. 相似文献
10.
R Alexander R.I Kagi S.J Rowland P.N Sheppard T.V Chirila 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1985,49(2):385-395
The distributions of di- and trimethylnaphthalenes in two sedimentary sequences from Western Australia have been examined by capillary gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A general decrease was observed in the relative proportions of αα-dimethylnaphthalenes and ααβ-trimethylnaphthalenes with increasing thermal maturity. Similar trends were also observed for six crude oils which have very different ratios of ethylcholestane epimers indicating very different thermal histories. These results suggest that changes in the relative abundances of certain methyl substituted naphthalenes may be useful indicators of thermal maturity of sedimentary organic matter, and the use of a number of isomer ratios is illustrated. 相似文献
11.
Molecular Records of Primary Producers and Sedimentary Environmental Conditions of Late Permian Rocks in Northeast Sichuan, China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A series of biomarkers were identified in the aliphatic and aromatic fractions of the extracts from Late Permian Dalong (大隆) and Wujiaping (吴家坪) formations in Shangsi (上寺) Section, Northeast Sichuan (四川), South China, on the basis of the analysis of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MC). The dominance of lower-molecular-weight n-alkanes throughout the profile suggests the dominant contribution of algae and bacteria to the organics preserved in the marine section. Wujiaping Formation is characterized by the elevated contribution from algae as well as other photoantotrophs such as photosynthetic bacteria as shown by the molecular ratios of hopanes to steranes or tricyclic terpanes as well as the ratio of pristane (Pr) and phytane (Ph) to C17 and C18 n-alkanes. This is in accord with the data from the microscopic measurement on the calcareous algae. In contrast, Dalong Formation is featured by enhanced contribution from bacteria and probably terrestrial organics indicated by the enhanced C24 tetracyclic terpanes relative to tricyclic terpanes. The two formations also show a distinct discrimination in sedimentary environmental conditions including redox condition and salinity. The anoxic condition was only found in the middle of the Dalong Formation as shown by the ratios of Pr/Ph and dibenzothiophene to phenanthrene, consistent with the reported data of Mo and U. An enhancedsalinity indicated by the homohopane index is observed at the shallow Wujiaping Formation. On the basis of the composition of primary productivity and the redox condition, Dalong Formation is proposed, herein, to be potential hydrocarbon source rocks in the study site. It is notable that the topmost end-Permian is characterized by a large perturbance in both the redox condition and salinity, with oxic conditions being frequently interrupted by short-term anoxia, likely showing a causal relationship with the episodic biotic crisis across the Permian-Triassic boundary. 相似文献
12.
Paired organic and carbonate carbon isotope compositions of Late Permian Wujiaping (吴家坪) and Dalong (大隆) formations at Shangsi (上寺), Northeast Sichuan (四川) were analyzed by MAT 251. An abrupt negative excursion in the two isotope records was observed in the middle part of Dalong Formation, in association with a drop in the carbon isotope difference of the two records and an increase of total organic carbon (TOC) content. The negative drop of the paired carbon isotope records issuggestive of the input of 12C-enriched CO2. The molecular ratios of pristane to phytane and dibenzothiophene to phenanthrene indicate the anoxic condition in this interval. The enhanced TOC content is indicative of the elevated preservation of organic matter due to the anoxic condition. These isotopic and organic geochemical data probably infer the occurrence of the upwelUng in this interval. The additional contribution of volcanism activity observed in South China cannot be excluded to the input of 12C-enriched CO2 and the negative shifts in carbon isotope composition of bulk organic matter and carbonate. 相似文献
13.
<正>伴随非常规油气资源的勘探开发,油气资源开采的广度和深度进一步扩大,一定程度上缓解了我国油气供需矛盾、保障了我国能源安全,同时有力推动了能源结构战略转型。但同时也对能源地质研究工作提出了新的挑战。有机质成熟度是油气评价的重要参数之一,不同成熟阶段的有机质会对应产出不同成因、不同性质、不同质量的油气,如何准确评价沉积有机质成熟度是当前油气资源勘探开发工作的关键问题之一。前人在科研实践工作中从光学、化学、谱学等角度提出了适用条件各异的成熟度评价方法,在部分地质环境中获得了良好的应用效果,但已有的成熟度指标多受测定方法原理的制约导致其适用性不同程度受限(肖贤明等,2020),制约了油气资源的高质量勘探开发。 相似文献
14.
Determination of thermal maturity and organic matter type by principal components analysis of the distributions of polycyclic aromatic compounds 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The thermal maturity and organofacies sensitivity of polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC) distributions was explored by examination of the aromatic fractions of solvent extracts from a diverse set of 53 shales, coals and kerogen macerals which have undergone either natural or artificial maturation and which represent all three principal sedimentary organic matter (OM) types. Systematic changes with maturation were observed in the following groups of isomers: tri- and tetramethylnaphthalenes, methyl- and dimethylphenanthrenes, methyl- and dimethyldibenzothiophenes, methylpyrenes, and methylchrysenes. The maturity differences were quantified by mathematical ratios of the relative concentrations of the more thermally stable isomers to the less stable, on the basis of theoretical considerations and empirical observations. The PAC maturity parameters, unlike those derived from saturated biomarker stereoisomers, are typically effective across the entire oil generation window. To compensate for the effects of OM type on the maturity parameters, they were combined using principal components analysis. The resulting first principal component was in good agreement with independent indicators of maturity. The relative distributions of C0–C3 alkylphenanthrenes, dibenzothiophene, methyldibenzothiophenes and methyldibenzofurans were evaluated by a separate principal components analysis. The results permitted an independent grouping of the samples by OM type and suggested additional, simple molecular ratios that allow graphical recognition of OM type, including the ratio of dibenzothiophenes to dibenzofurans and a ratio using C2-alkylphenanthrene isomers. 相似文献
15.
重大地质突变期生物与环境事件的分子化石记录 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着现代分析测试技术的发展,地质类脂物分子在地球环境和生命过程领域得到了快速的应用。总结了志留纪/奥陶纪、晚泥盆世弗拉期/法门期、三叠纪/二叠纪、侏罗纪/三叠纪、古近纪/白垩纪5次生物集群灭绝期地质类脂物分子记录的生物和环境事件。重点讨论了地质类脂物记录的绿硫细菌和水体透光带富硫化氢事件、甲烷菌与海底天然气水合物释放以及这些事件与生物危机的可能关系。提出了当前的工作应从生物危机向生态危机深入,既能反映生物事件与环境事件的关系,又能体现地质记录和地质过程的结合,这其中,地微生物生态系和陆地生态系工作亟待加强。 相似文献
16.
Ether functionalities form an important cross-linking structure within the macromolecular organic matrix of lignites and coals. To obtain a deeper insight into the complex internal structure of such macromolecules and the maturation related changes of the ether compounds within the network structure, boron tribromide (BBr3) ether cleavage was applied to a series of lignite and coal samples of different maturity (R0 0.27-0.80%) obtained from coal mines and natural outcrops from the North and South Island of New Zealand. Terminal ether-bound alcohols rapidly decrease during diagenesis and occur only in low amounts during the catagenetic stage. Comparison between ester- and ether-bound terminal alcohols indicates a parallel decreasing trend during the diagenetic stage, suggesting that the stability differences between both linkages are not large enough to be observed in maturation processes over geological time scales. Polyether compounds were detected with chain length up to five carbon atoms. After a small decrease during the diagenetic phase these compounds occur in relatively high concentrations, even in the main catagenetic stage. This suggests that these linkage structures represent important cross-linking substructures within the macromolecular matrix of lignites and coals being sterically protected within the macromolecular network during the maturation process. Additional cross-linking substructures were (poly)ether aromatics, esters and ketones. 相似文献
17.
Maciej J. Bojanowski Bogus?aw Bagiński Euan Clarkson Ray Macdonald Leszek Marynowski 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2012,164(2):245-259
Zircon occurs in voids and cracks in phosphatic coprolites enclosed in siderite concretions in Mississippian shales near Edinburgh, Scotland. The zircon formed during hydrothermal alteration of early-diagenetic concretions and occurs as spherical aggregates of prismatic crystals, sometimes radiating. Vitrinite reflectance measurements indicate temperatures of ~270°C for the zircon-bearing concretions and the host shales. Molecular parameter values based on dibenzothiophene and phenanthrene distribution and occurrence of di- and tetra-hydro-products of polycyclic aromatic compounds suggest that the rocks experienced relatively high-temperature aqueous conditions related to hydrothermal fluids, perhaps associated with neighboring mafic intrusions. The zircon was dissolved from the concretions, transported in fluids, and reprecipitated in voids. This is the first record of the precipitation of authigenic zircon in sedimentary rock as a new phase, not as outgrowths. 相似文献
18.
The molecular organic compounds have been identified by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) from Mesoproterozoic rocks in the Xuanlong depression in North China. The main saturated compounds are n-alkanes, monomethylalkanes, n-alkylcyclohexanes, acyclic isoprenoids, and hopanes. The dominant lower-molecular-weight n-alkanes are indicative of the main contribution of microorganisms, in particular, the chemosynthetic bacteria. The presence of abundant monomethylalkanes (mid- and end-branched) and the long chained (>C20) acyclic isoprenoids indicates the existence of abundant bacteria and/or archaea in ancient oceans. The low abundance of pristane and phytane is suggestive of the relatively low abundance of photosynthetic autotrophs in comparison with chemosynthetic bacteria in the Mesoproterozoic oceans in North China. The sedimentary environmental condition is suboxic/anoxic, as indicated by the low value of the Pr/Ph ratio as well as the presence of abundant sulfur-bearing organic compounds, consistent with the other geochemical data in North China and elsewhere in the world. Both the composition of the primary producers and the sedimentary environmental conditions are favorable for the formation of hydrocarbon source rocks. 相似文献
19.
A study of the extracts of samples recording a transgressive–regressive succession of the Werra cyclothem, Zechstein (Upper Permian), from the southern margin of the European Permian Basin (the Fore-Sudetic Monocline, Poland) provides an insight into major sources of organic matter and diagenetic processes. The studied cross-section comprises all lithologies representative for the European basin, including transgressive sandstones (Weissliegend) and organic-rich shales (Kupferschiefer) followed by carbonates as well as regressive anhydrites with intercalations of rock salt. Due to the variable influence of overlapping diagenetic processes that affected the organic matter, i.e. maturation and late diagenetic oxidation related to base metal mineralisation, a reliable comparison of the biomarker results is only possible for the major upper part of the section (ca. 38 m, including carbonates and evaporites) but not for the oxidised first 2–3 m from the base of the Kupferschiefer.The transition from carbonate to evaporate sedimentation is associated with a shift to predominant even C-numbered n-alkanes, increased abundance of carotanes and high homohopane index reflecting enhanced reducing conditions. The presence of the C25 regular isoprenoid, squalane, biphytane and the rapid decrease in the pristane/phytane ratio in the evaporites are mainly controlled by the important contribution from both halophilic and methanogenic archaea. The occurrence of gammacerane in the anhydrites suggests development of water column stratification at some stages of the sea regression. This is associated with appearance of specific aryl isoprenoids with a lycopane carbon skeleton most likely related to Botrycoccus braunii race L algae. Lycopane derivative occurrence suggests that such an algal race could have occurred since Permian (currently known Recent-Eocene). The presence of the abundant freshwater/brackish algal biomarkers in evaporititic deposits can be envisaged in the costal part of the Zechstein basin with temporary salt wedge estuary water stratification. The algae bloomed in the top fertile fresh/brackish water layer fed by rivers, and the algal biomass was deposited on the sea floor covered with evaporitic brine. The stratification periodically broke down during precipitation of the rock salt, presumably due to a decrease in riverine water input, as revealed by characteristic disappearance of gammacerane and hopane distributions similar to those observed for the carbonate rocks.The methylphenanthrenes/phenanthrene ratio was used together with methyldibenzothiophenes/ dibenzothiophene ratio to assess maturity. These maturity estimations indicate that the peak of oil window has been reached, which is confirmed by other biomarker maturity parameters based on sterane and hopane distributions. The maturity stage of oil generation and expulsion was further confirmed by the presence of solid bitumen as cements in the sandstone underlying Kupferschiefer and bitumen veins and lenses in the carbonates. 相似文献
20.
东海盆地西湖凹陷轻质原油芳烃地球化学特征 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
采用GC-MS实验技术,对西湖凹陷8口井12个轻质原油样品的芳烃地球化学特征进行了系统研究。平湖斜坡带北部地区NB14-1井、NB14-2井和NB14-3井这3口井的轻质原油与平湖斜坡带中部地区的NB25-1井和NB25-2井、西次凹的HY1-1井以及黄岩构造带的HY2-1井和HY2-2井这5口井的轻质原油芳烃化合物的分布特征和相对含量存在明显差别。轻质原油芳烃馏分中以二环和三环的化合物为主,前者富含菲系列化合物,萘系列和联苯系列化合物含量相对较低,后者则相反,其富含萘系列和联苯系列化合物,菲系列化合物含量相对较低。轻质原油生源和沉积环境的研究表明,原油的母源都主要为陆源高等植物来源,成因环境都为氧化环境,但后者的1,2,5-TMN和1,2,5,6-TeMN相对含量更高,氧芴相对含量和Pr/Ph值更大,反映其母源的陆源高等植物输入程度更大,沉积环境的氧化性更强。烷基萘、烷基菲和烷基二苯并噻吩成熟度指标表明,轻质原油以达到成熟到高熟演化阶段,平湖斜坡带北部地区的NB14-1井、NB14-2井和NB14-3井这3口井的轻质原油热演化程度相对更高。 相似文献