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1.
J. Victor Owen 《Geoarchaeology》2001,16(7):785-802
The major element compositions of 15 ceramic sherds from the Bonnin and Morris factory site were determined by electron microprobe. Thirteen samples are phosphatic; the others consist of (a) “soapstone” (magnesian/plombian) and (b) true porcelain, and are interpreted as exotic artifacts, as is one compositionally distinct (relatively SiO2‐poor, P2O5+CaO‐rich) phosphatic sample. Although long considered to be virtually indistinguishable from Bow porcelain (London: ca. 1747–1776), the phosphatic Philadelphia wares have a relatively low mean CaO/P2O5 ratio (3.3 versus 3.8; molecular proportions) and high alumina content (6.6 versus 5.4 wt % Al2O3). Furthermore, unlike Bow, the Bonnin and Morris samples contain calcic plagioclase (bytownite), and in some instances, an orthoclase‐rich ternary feldspar. The preservation of calcic plagioclase indicates that Philadelphia porcelain was fired at (rather than above) the thermal minimum in the An‐SiO2‐C3P system, although the presence of Na (and other fluxes) in these wares precludes the exact determination of the maximum firing temperature from this phase diagram. These wares are also distinctive insofar as the phosphate and melt phases can contain small amounts of lead; they have bulk lead contents of approximately 0.1–1.2 wt % PbO. This component has not been detected in the body of Bow or other contemporary British phosphatic porcelains. Their principal similarity lies in the fact that both wares contain sulfate. In addition, the glazes on Bonnin and Morris porcelain (e.g., PbO ∼ 35–50 wt %; SnO2 ∼ 1–2%) compositionally resemble those used at Bow. If feldspar is formed at all, then Al‐poor phosphatic porcelain (or those with low CaO/P2O5 ratios) will have comparatively low modal calcic plagioclase contents, thereby allowing the rapid depletion of this mineral via resorption by the melt phase during vitrification. Such appears to have been the case for analyzed Bow porcelain, which is therefore interpreted to have been overfired (sensu lato) relative to its Philadelphia counterpart. Conceivably, calcic plagioclase could be preserved in low‐Al wares that were fired only briefly at vitrification temperatures. Given the role of firing history in governing the mineralogy of porcelain, compositional criteria are more reliable for distinguishing these wares. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
2.
Ian Smalley Slobodan Markovic Ken O’Hara-Dhand 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2010,2(1):15-18
Charles Lyell, on his way to becoming a famous geologist, married Mary Horner in Bonn in July 1832; volume 3 of his ‘Principles of Geology’ was published by John Murray in London in May 1833. Between these two dates Lyell encountered the loess of the Rhine valley. The loess impressed Lyell and he included mentions of it in the Principles, first in 1833 and then, with some revised ideas, in volume 4 of the 4th edition published in 1835. Twelve editions of the Principles were published between 1830 and 1875 and it became one of the most important works in the development of geology, and made a major contribution to the worldwide spread of loess awareness. It is possible that Lyell was drawn to the loess because of its high molluscan content, he was particularly attracted to the study of shells. 相似文献
3.
Katherine R. Royse Mike de Freitas William G. Burgess John Cosgrove Richard C. Ghail Phil Gibbard Chris King Ursula Lawrence Rory N. Mortimore Hugh Owen Jackie Skipper 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2012,123(1):22-45
The population of London is around 7 million. The infrastructure to support this makes London one of the most intensively investigated areas of upper crust. However construction work in London continues to reveal the presence of unexpected ground conditions. These have been discovered in isolation and often recorded with no further work to explain them. There is a scientific, industrial and commercial need to refine the geological framework for London and its surrounding area. This paper reviews the geological setting of London as it is understood at present, and outlines the issues that current research is attempting to resolve. 相似文献
4.
Megacities are likely to present the greatest future challenges for hazard management. In them increasingly complex societies are continually modifying responses to dynamic sets of external risks. Although most have proven resilient to past disasters, new types of threat are emerging. London — which is both the world's oldest megacity and one of its most resilient — has long experience of the transformation of hazards in time and space. Although not as hazard-prone as some megacities, this one is increasingly exposed to a wide range of interactive hazards. Here trends of flooding, air pollution and terrorism are discussed together with policy responses. London demonstrates that robust action can be successful in reducing high-intensity hazards but it also shows that contemporary management is characterised by top-down technological fixes whose long-term effectiveness is questionable. In general, anticipatory responses have been limited and present-day London has not capitalised on its rich legacy of successful experience in coping with hazard. 相似文献
5.
四川宜宾金沙江河谷区地热资源成藏条件分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
[摘 要] 本文从地热地质背景、水文地质条件、构造条件、热储条件等几方面对金沙江宜宾段河谷区
的地热成藏条件及开发潜力进行了较为深入的论述。研究表明:该区的古地理环境有利于地表水向深部
补给、运移、往更纵深循环以及形成与深部热储充分进行热交换,有利于形成保持相对封闭的热水构造,使
深部地热水处于承压状态;热储层盖层对地下热水具有良好的保温防热扩散作用,且阻隔浅层地表水向下
运移;东西向断裂与南北向断裂或与NE、NW 向断裂的多方向构造的交切复合部位为深部地热水向上运
移排泄的极为有利构造部位;区内地下热水其热源主要是地热增温,大气降水经由深循环加热,与深部热
储层岩石进行充分的热交换,温泉水以补给地高、运移途径长、循环深、滞留时间长为特征。 相似文献
6.
7.
论文介绍了英国区域规划先行者阿伯克隆比的生平及主要学术思想和实践,对英国早期区域规划"伦敦郡规划"、"大伦敦规划"进行了总结梳理,提出"大伦敦规划"的缺陷,并提出英国新城思想和区域规划理论受到了中国传统哲学思想(风水地理学)的影响。 相似文献
8.
B. K. Roy Ph. D. 《GeoJournal》1985,10(1):75-81
There are various tools to measure infrastructural development as applied with considerations of statistical data and geographical phenomena. As example, the Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) measure has been tested on death and birth statistics and some consciousness has been reached of being reasonably acceptable tool to measure awareness of dynamism of such phenomena. An attempt has been made to consider some special data on resources and literacy in population independently and tested some issues to examine the gaps in the contemporary situation of India's development. This is the central theme outlined in this experiment to focus intensive research modifications on the concept developed by Morris D. Morris. It is essential that this research may be viewed critically by all concerned to further investigate on the issues for application on other sets of data and regions.The views expressed in the paper are of author's own and have no relation to his service in the Government of India's Office of the Registrar General, India. 相似文献
9.
Disaster vulnerability: Scale,power and daily life 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
The author gratefully acknowledges the stimulation over a number of years of his co-authors in a project about to appear in 1994 under the title,At Risk: Natural Hazards, People's Vulnerability and Disasters, Routledge, London & New York — Piers Blaikie, Terry Cannon, and Ian Davis.Earlier versions of this paper were discussed by session on disasters organized by Tony Oliver-Smith at the annual meeting of the Society for Applied Anthropology, Memphis, March, 1992 and at the Famine and Food Systems Study Group of the International Geographical Union, convened at Tufts University, July, 1992, by John Field and Hans Bohle. My thanks as well to colleagues who participated in these two discussions. 相似文献
10.
Study of the cross-stratification and other sedimentary structures in the Lower Greensand of the Weald, England, and Bas-Boulonnais, France, indicates that the sediments were deposited by the lateral migration of sand waves in a neritic sea. Comparison of the Lower Greensand sea with the modern North Sea was attempted. If those sediments were deposited as a result of tidal current similar to the present-day North Sea then the Lower Greensand shoreline could be deduced as running northwest-southeast, indication that the western part of the London Platform was submerged. 相似文献
11.
《Geoforum》2017
In this review, we call for more engagement with the geo-political dimension of the finance economy that epitomises the 21st-century capitalist order within the European Union. Using the example of financial clearing and settlement, key processes in global trade and finance mechanisms in which London leads the world, we discuss the entangled political and economic dimensions in the shadow of Brexit to come, and its potential impact on the City’s complex financial ecosystem. The aim here is not to consult the crystal ball and predict London’s future as a financial centre. Yet, euro clearing is of geo-political relevance: if the UK leaves the EU, euro clearing would be taking place outside of the ECB’s regulatory space of intervention. This can become highly problematic, as the nominal euro sums involved in a major crisis are immense. We believe that these processes illustrate the pressing need to engage with finance’s geo-economics and geo-politics in more depth, both empirically and conceptually. 相似文献
12.
London is an international tourist destination and one of the world's most well known tourist capitals. Over 23 million overseas and domestic visitors contributed £ 4700 million to the city's economy in 1987. In this paper, the implications of a continued growth in international and domestic tourism are considered in the light of recent predictions which envisage that London's overseas and domestic visitors will rise from 23 million in 1987 to 27 million in 1990. One of the most pressing issues which tourist agencies such as the London Tourist Board face, is directing some tourists to new areas and attractions away from the existing concentration in the West End of London. In this paper, the existing and proposed development of tourism in the East End of London (London Docklands) will beexamined as a new area with the potential to attract visitors from the West End. London Docklands has attracted international attention due to the prestigious and controversial regeneration of the area where commercial and residential development has been stimulated by a government funded Urban Development Corporation. Tourist and leisure developments seem set to bring a lasting economic benefit to the area though they have attracted very little attention to date. 相似文献
13.
尹赞勋教授是我国一位杰出的地质学家和古生物学家,他把自己整个一生贡献给中国地质学的发展和进步。本文记述他在中国科学院地质研究所工作期间的部分学术生涯,并涉及他指导年青科学工作者如何进行化石的研究,如何有效地开展科学研究,如何阅读英文书籍和文献等。所有这些教导对正在从事地质和古生物研究的年青一代将有重要意义。 相似文献
14.
Nel Etienne Louis 《GeoJournal》1990,22(3):305-313
South African urban areas, because of structural control exercised within them, have developed unique characteristics. One of the more distinctive features of urban apartheid is the creation of Homeland townships lying adjacent to certain of the country's towns and cities. This paper seeks to explore the essential motivation underlying the creation of the ethnically distinct urban centre of Mdantsane in the Ciskei Homeland between 1949 and 1988. The reason for the development of Mdantsane, a dormitory township of East London, are explored, as are the primary issues underlying its emergence. In order to fully investigate Mdantsane's evolution it is essential not to divorce the township from developments, through time, in East London. The impact of apartheid planning on the East London region is assessed. 相似文献
15.
V. R. Fanaie M. Karrabi M. M. Amin B. Shahnavaz A. Fatehizadeh 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2017,14(1):37-48
In this study, dried anaerobic digested sludge (DADS) was utilized to remove 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) from aqueous solutions. Batch biosorption experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of physicochemical parameters such as pH, contact time, biosorbent dosage, and initial concentration. Artificial neural network (ANN) was then used to predict the removal efficiency of the process. The comparison between predicted and experimental results provided a high degree of determination coefficient (R2 = 0.98), indicating that the model could predict the biosorption efficiency with reasonable accuracy. Biosorption data were successfully described by the Freundlich isotherm and pseudofirst-order model. The Weber–Morris kinetic model indicated that intraparticle diffusion was not the only rate-controlling step, and other mechanisms may be involved in the biosorption process. The optimum pH was detected to be 3 for DADS. By increasing contact time and biosorbent dosage, the removal efficiency of 4-CP increased. Also, a decreasing trend was observed when initial concentrations were increased. The findings suggested that the results predicted by ANN are very close to the experimental values, and DADS as an available adsorbent can efficiently remove 4-CP from aqueous solutions. 相似文献
16.
This paper presents the construction and performance details of a compacted London Clay barrier that was designed to prevent any leachate or methane penetrating a stretch of the cut and cover box section tunnel of the London Heathrow Express Rail Link. The barrier was constructed with London Clay that was spoil from concurrent bored tunnelling operations on adjacent sites. Laboratory investigations carried out on the compacted London Clay are presented in the paper. These indicated that it was possible to design the clay surround to function as a barrier protecting the structure from the ingress of the leachate. Field monitoring using magnetic extensometer gauge measurements indicate that the consequent ground movements are lower than that predicted by the laboratory tests. 相似文献
17.
《Geoforum》2015
This paper explores Malaysia’s efforts to develop and dominate a global market in halal (literally, ‘lawful or ‘permitted’) commodities as a diaspora strategy and how Malaysian state institutions, entrepreneurs, restaurants and middle-class groups in London respond to and are affected by this effort. The empirical focus is on London because this city not only holds a special position in the Malaysian state’s halal vision but also historical linkages that evoke diaspora strategies. I argue that Malaysian diaspora strategies should be explored in the interfaces between Islam, state and market. Among the political elite, and, thus, the Malaysian state, there exists a fascination with discovering or even inventing a cosmopolitan ‘Malay diaspora’ and current diaspora strategies try to address this challenge. An important question explored is how the Malaysian diaspora in London understand and practise Malaysian diaspora strategies in the globalized market for halal products and services. This paper is based on ethnographic material from fieldwork among state institutions, entrepreneurs, restaurants and middle-class groups in Kuala Lumpur and London, namely participant observation and interviewing. 相似文献
18.
参数敏感性分析是模型不确定性量化的重要环节,有助于有效识别关键参数,减少参数的不确定性影响,进而提高参数优化效率。利用Morris筛选方法定性识别相对重要参数,耦合方差分解的Sobol方法和统计理论的响应曲面模型构建一种新的定量敏感性分析方法——RSMSobol方法。以长江支流沿渡河流域的日降雨径流过程模拟为例,系统分析4种不同目标函数响应条件下新安江模型的参数敏感性。结果表明Morris方法和RSMSobol方法的集成应用极大地提高了全局敏感性分析的效率,Morris定性筛选结果为定量评估减少了模型参数维数,采用代理模型技术的RSMSobol方法减少了模型的计算消耗。 相似文献
19.
Trevor D. Ford 《Geology Today》2002,18(3):100-107
Among the late 18th-century pioneers of geological science was John Whitehurst. He set the scene for the early Derbyshire geologists, White Watson and John Farey, whose books were not published until 1811, long after Whitehurst's death. But Whitehurst's ideas went beyond Derbyshire; he looked at the global situation in his book An Inquiry into the Original State & Formation of the Earth (1778, 1786). Whitehurst was a founder member of the influential Lunar Society and a close friend of many philosophers of the period. 相似文献
20.
天文古气候理论及其进展—从米兰柯维奇到贝尔杰 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
扼要介绍了天文古气候学的创立和发展简史。太阳是地球大气运动的第一驱动力，地球气候的长期演变在很大程度上受到入射太阳辐射变化的影响。入射太阳辐的变化主要和三个地球轨道参数有关，即地球绕太阳运行的椭圆轨道偏心率，地球自转轴倾角及岁差。太阳辐射的长期振荡主要集中在与这三个参数有关的频率上，这些频率通常被称为米兰柯维奇频率，数值模拟和地学记录都证实地质时间尺度的古气候的演化大多位于米兰柯维奇频率带上。 相似文献