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海绵共附生微生物基因多态性的RAPD-PCR分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用传统分离手段对中国南海海域的细薄星芒海绵（Stelletta tenui（Lindgren,1897）1、皱皮软海绵（Halichondria rugosa（Ridley＆Dendy））、澳大利亚厚皮海绵（Craniella australiensis（Carter））、贪婪倔海绵（Dysidea avara（Schmidt））4种海绵体内的微生物进行了分离培养,随机挑选64株芽孢杆菌属细菌（每种海绵16株）进行了RAPD-PCR基因多态性分析。研究表明,一些海绵微生物是可以通过传统分离手段得到的,来自同一或者不同海绵的微生物均具有丰富的基因多态性。 相似文献
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Janet Bradford 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):473-505
Thirteen new species of benthic calanoid copepods are described from depths of 1,184–1,697 m off New Zealand. Seven species belong to previously described aetideid genera (Bradyidius—four spp., Comantenna—one sp., Pseudeuchaeta—two spp.) and the remainder represent new genera in three families: Aetideidae—three genera, four spp.; Arietellidae—one genus and sp.; Bathypontiidae—one genus and sp. 相似文献
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本实验针对两次突发的饲养海月水母(Aureliaaurita)大规模烂洞解体状况,通过对病灶处进行细菌培养,从其中每次发病水母中均各分离到2种优势病原菌菌株,利用PCR扩增和DNA测序技术,获得优势菌株16SrRNA基因序列,通过生物信息比对分析显示,导致两次海月水母发病的病原菌菌株分别为2种嗜冷杆菌(Psychrobacter sp.)和2种弧菌(Vibrio splendidusVibrio neptunius)。通过利用福林酚法进行此四种优势菌株的细菌发酵培养液蛋白酶活性的测定,结果显示,此4种细菌均具有较强的蛋白酶活性。根据实验结果推测,分离所得的2种嗜冷杆菌菌株(Paa1Paa2)和2种弧菌菌株(Vaa1Vaa2)作为此次发病海月水母的病原菌,有可能均是通过分泌胞外蛋白酶侵蚀水母伞体,从而导致伞体烂洞解体。通过本次实验分析,推测自然条件下水母暴发后的快速消亡是由水母自身免疫下降与细菌侵染的共同作用导致。 相似文献
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Freshly excreted droppings from Canada geese (n=80), black swans (n=80), ducks (n=80) and gulls (n=80) were collected from sites around New Zealand. The droppings were enumerated for Escherichia coli, enterococci and Salmonella spp., and for the presence/absence of Cryptosporidium spp. Overall prevalence of E. coli and enterococci in samples was 95% and 94%, respectively. Cryptosporidium spp. was detected in 2% of the samples, whereas no Salmonella spp. were detected in the survey. Preliminary estimates of daily microbial outputs suggest that ducks will produce the highest loadings of E. coli and enterococci per bird, whereas Canada geese will produce the highest loadings of Campylobacter spp. per bird. This study provides the first set of indicator and pathogen counts for one of the largest sources of diffuse faecal contamination of natural waters in New Zealand. 相似文献
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红树林土壤中蕴藏着丰富的放线菌资源,是新菌种的重要来源。为获得更多新的放线菌资源以用于开发新的生物活性化合物,了解放线菌的多样性是非常重要和必要的。研究采用扩增子高通量测序和传统培养法对八门湾红树林土壤放线菌进行了非培养和培养水平多样性研究,同时对其抗病原菌活性进行了分析。对于非培养水平多样性研究,与细菌通用引物相比,利用放线菌相关引物可以提高放线菌丰度的检测水平,其百分比含量提高2.47倍;可以检测到放线菌门更多的目、科和属;对于在目水平上的放线菌类群组成来说,Acidimicrobiales、Corynebacteriales、Gaiellales、Kineosporiales、Solirubrobacterales是优势类群,但是在用两对不同引物得到的结果中,其百分含量差异较大。放线菌相关引物更适合环境样品中放线菌多样性的分析。对于培养水平多样性研究,分离到256株放线菌,属于7个目、9个科、14个属, Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为1.32, Streptomyces(42.58%)和Micromonospora(42.19%)是优势属;与模式菌株的相似性小于98.5... 相似文献
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Hae Jin Jeong Se Hyeon Jang Nam Seon Kang Yeong Du Yoo Min Jeong Kim Kyung Ha Lee Eun Young Yoon éric Potvin Yeong Jong Hwang Jong Im Kim Kyeong Ah Seong 《Ocean Science Journal》2012,47(1):1-18
Species belonging to the genus Bysmatrum are peridinoid, thecate, photosynthetic dinoflagellates. The plate formula of Bysmatrum spp., arranged in a Kofoidian series, is almost identical to that of Scrippsiella spp. Bysmatrum spp., which were originally classified as Scrippsiella spp., but were transferred to the genus Bysmatrum spp. because of separation of the intercalary plates 2a and 3a by plate 3??. Whether this transfer from Scrippsiella spp. to Bysmatrum spp. is reasonable should be genetically confirmed. Dinoflagellates were isolated from 2 solar saltons located in western Korea in 2009?C2010 and 3 clonal cultures from Sooseong solar saltons and 2 clonal cultures from Garolim solar saltons were successfully established. All of these dinoflagellates were identified as Bysmatrum caponii based on morphology analysis by light and electron microscopy. The plates of all Korean strains of B. caponii were arranged in a Kofoidian series of Po, X, 4??, 3a, 7??, 6c, 4s, 5?, 0 (p), and 24??. When properly aligned, the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences of the 3 Sooseong strains of B. caponii were identical, as were those of the 2 Garolim strains. Furthermore, the sequences of the 3 Sooseong strains were 0.01% different from those of the Garolim strains. However, the sequences of SSU rDNA of these Korean B. caponii strains were 9% different from that of Bysmatrum subsalsum and > 10% from that of any other dinoflagellate thus far reported. In the phylogenetic trees generated using SSU and LSU rDNA sequences, these Korean B. caponii strains formed a clade with B. subsalsum which was clearly divergent from the Scrippsiella clade. However, this Bysmatrum clade was phylogenetically close to the Protoperidinium and/or Peridinium clades. The results of the present study suggest that Bysmatrum spp. are markedly different genetically from Scrippsiella spp.. 相似文献
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本研究针对高温时期(6月、9月)广东沿海地区的香港牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)体内异养细菌总数和弧菌总数进行了深入的调查,并由添加单种抗生素(分别是:庆大霉素、呋喃唑酮、利福平、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、氯霉素、复方新诺明)的培养基中分离得到310个菌株。进一步采用纸片扩散法(kirby-bauer法)针对常见的抗生素对此310个菌株进行药敏测试,了解不同来源菌株的耐药状况。结果表明310个菌株分属48个不同种属,主要是肠杆菌(Enterobacter)、弧菌(Vibrio)、芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)、肺炎克雷伯菌(Klebsiella)、希瓦氏菌(Shewanella)、不动杆菌(Acinetobacter)、假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)、短波单胞菌(Brevundimonas)、发光杆菌(Photobacterium)、黄杆菌(Tenacibaculum)、盐单胞菌(Halomonas)等。在9月份从牡蛎体内分离的异养细菌比6月份分离的异养细菌高出1～2个数量级(除台山外)。6月份从台山地区牡蛎分离的异养细菌数(2.6×10~6～5.8×10~6 cfu/g)最多,高出其他地区1～3个数量级。药敏测试结果显示牡蛎体内异养细菌对20种抗生素普遍存在抗性,尤其对青霉素、卡拉霉素、呋喃唑酮、阿莫西林、克林霉素及万古霉素表现出较高的耐药率。高温时期(6月、9月)分离的异养菌大多数为多重耐药细菌,其比例分别为84.18%和91.72%。本研究将为牡蛎养殖业的疾病控制以及水产养殖中细菌的耐药状况提供重要参考依据。 相似文献
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The effects of two probiotic feeds containing two and three bacterial isolates were evaluated on the growth performance of New Zealand abalone (Haliotis iris). Probiotic bacteria were isolated from the guts of healthy adult abalone. The isolates were screened qualitatively and quantitatively according to their ability to hydrolyse nutrients (i.e. proteins, starch and alginate), produce acid and resist bile salts. Based on the screening results, we developed a multi-strain conglomerate of 2- and 3- probiotic bacterial strains that were supplemented into a commercial abalone feed to use in our experiments. The 2-probiotic conglomerate consisted of Exiguobacterium JHEb1 and Vibrio JH1, and the 3-probiotic conglomerate consisted of Exiguobacterium JHEb1, Vibrio JH1 and Enterococcus JHLDc. The probiotic feeding trial involved abalone juveniles (20–30 mm in maximum shell length). Both probiotic feeds significantly improved abalone growth compared to that of the unsupplemented feed. The 3-probiotic supplemented feed produced a significant shell length increase of 20.9%, a wet weight gain of 19.8% and a five-fold reduction in mortality compared to the controls. The 2-probiotic supplemented feed resulted in significant increases in shell length (15.4%) and reduced mortality (five-fold), but not in weight gain, compared to controls. 相似文献
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Evechinus chloroticus (Val.) is known to be an important grazer of subtidal barren habitats in northern New Zealand but its role in structuring rocky reef communities at colder southern localities is poorly understood. The present study was prompted by a proposal for the establishment of an E. chloroticus fishery in Dusky Sound, Fiordland, New Zealand. To determine the ecological importance of E. chloroticus in Dusky Sound, sea urchins were experimentally removed from shallow fucoid fringe (upper zone), mid‐depth barrens (middle zone), and deeper algal meadow (lower zone), at eight sites and compared with a paired set of eight control sites. Two years of continuous removal of E. chloroticus resulted in conspicuous changes to the algal community at all depth zones examined. The density of fucoid algae (Carpophyllum spp., Sargassum spp., Cystophora spp., and Landsburgia quercifolia) increased mostly in the upper and middle zones, although smaller increases were also observed in the lower zone. Changes in cover of herbaceous, turfing and crustose algae observed in the middle and lower zones were larger than in the upper zone. Density increases of the kelp Ecklonia radiata were observed mainly in the lower zone, although still important in the middle zone. These results show that E. chloroticus can have a strong influence on the structure of algal assemblages in Dusky Sound hence the development of an E. chloroticus fishery in this area should be treated with caution. 相似文献
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Acid digests of three common marine macroalgae (Fucus serratus, Enteromorpha spp., Porphyra umbilicalis) exhibit substantial mutagenic activity for Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 in the microtire fluctuation test. Although these algae are known to concentrate heavy metals, the mutagen(s) is probably an organic compound(s).Collections of these three marine macroalgae were made along the Gower coast of Wales, Great Britain, at distances between 8·0 and 32·0 km from the industrial center of Swansea-Port Talbot. When tested for mutagenicity with TA98, the acid digests of F. serratus and Enteromorpha spp. showed an inverse relationship between activity and distance from Swansea-Port Talbot. This relationship was not observed with P. umbilicalis or with any of the digests when tested with TA100.These data are consistent with the hypothesis that Swansea-Port Talbot is a point emitter for contaminants which are mutagenic for TA98 and are accumulated by Enteromorpha and Fucus. 相似文献
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以海鞘(Ciona savignyi)为研究对象,考察了海鞘血细胞原代培养方法及培养中细菌污染的鉴定和控制.血细胞在培养1 h后贴壁,细胞基本以圆形细胞为主,变形细胞一般呈不规则形.变形细胞存活时间较短,而圆形细胞存活时间较长.对于培养过程中的细菌污染,通过细菌分离、培养和纯培养发现两类菌株检出率较高,均为革兰氏阴性菌.经PCR扩增16S rDNA基因序列片断,结果显示这两类菌株分别属于弧菌属(Vibrio)和施万氏菌属(Shewanella).药敏试验结果显示,弧菌属对氯霉素和环丙沙星等具有较强的敏感性;对施万氏菌属较敏感的药物依次为亚胺培南和氯霉素等.最后比较了几种抗生素组合控制血细胞培养中细菌污染的使用效果,其中氯霉素、亚胺培南加双抗的组合有较好的抑菌效果并对培养细胞的贴壁和生长没有影响. 相似文献
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从青岛近海海泥中分离了57 株细菌, 通过毒性实验, 得到了一株对浒苔具有较强毒性的细菌EP23。对该菌株进行了菌落、菌体形态学观察、生理生化特征分析及16S rDNA 序列分析, 鉴定该菌为弯曲芽孢杆菌（Bacillus flexus）。该菌培养液高速离心的上清液对浒苔具有较强毒性, 表明弯曲芽孢杆菌EP23 是通过... 相似文献
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Hyung Seop Kim Wonho Yih Jong Hyeok Kim Geumog Myung Hae Jin Jeong 《Ocean Science Journal》2011,46(3):205-209
The occurrence of harmful epiphytic dinoflagellates is of concern to scientists, the aquaculture industry, and government
due to their toxicity not only to marine organisms but also to humans. There have been no studies on the abundance of the
epiphytic dinoflagellates in Korean waters. We explored the presence of epiphytic dinoflagellates in the coastal waters off
Jeju Island, southwestern Korea. Furthermore, we measured the abundance of epiphytic dinoflagellates on the thalli of 24 different
macroalgae, collected from five different locations in October 2009. Five epiphytic dinoflagellate genera Amphidinium, Coolia, Gambierdiscus, Ostreopsis, and Prorocentrum were found. These five genera were observed on the thalli of the macroalgae Chordaria flagelliformis, Martensia sp., Padina arborescens, and Sargassum sp., while none were observed exceptionally on Codium fragile. The abundance of Ostreopsis spp. was highest on Derbesia sp. (8,660 cells/g wet weight), while that of Gambierdiscus spp. was highest on Martensia sp. (4,870 cells/g-ww). The maximum abundances of Amphidinium spp., Coolia spp., and Prorocentrum spp. were 410, 710, and 300 cells/g-ww, respectively. The maximum abundance of Coolia spp., Gambierdiscus spp., and Ostreopsis spp. obtained in the present study was lower than for other locations reported in literature. The results of the present
study suggest that the presence and abundance of epiphytic dinoflagellates may be related to the macroalgal species of the
coastal waters of Jeju Island. 相似文献
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Mohamed O.Soliman Waleed B.Suleiman Mohamed M.Roushdy Eman N.Elbatrawy Ahmed M.Gad 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(3):86-93
Marine microorganisms were considered to be important sources of marine bioactive compounds. The major objective of the study was to isolate and characterize bacteria with antimicrobial activities from the various marine environment of Egypt. In this respect, thirty-five bacterial isolates were recovered from sediment samples collected from different spots along the Egyptian Red Sea coastline and Alexandria coastline during the summer season of 2017 and 2018. According to the morphological, phys... 相似文献
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大黄鱼病原副溶血弧菌拮抗菌的筛选 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
用点种法从大黄鱼肠道优势菌群中筛选出104株病原性副溶血弧菌的拮抗菌,进一步研究拮抗效果最好的11株拮抗菌的抗菌谱和生长曲线,其中NAC平板上筛选的4株拮抗菌的抗菌范围较广,锰营养琼脂培养基上筛选的3株拮抗菌具有生长优势。用BIOLOG板测定了抗菌谱较广、有一定生长优势3株拮抗菌(R22,Y58和J312)的碳源利用情况,结果表明,3株拮抗菌的碳源谱都比较广,都能利用糖类、有机酸和氨基酸等,而且与鱼类营养的竞争较小。16S rRNA基因同源性分析的结果显示与R22,Y58,J312同源性达99%以上的菌株分别来自弧菌属、芽孢杆菌属和假单胞菌属。进一步对R22,J312和Y58三株拮抗菌进行生化鉴定,结果显示R22为溶藻弧菌,J312为荧光假单胞菌,但Y58的种属未能得到确认。所得到的3株拮抗菌R22,Y58,J312在拮抗病原菌、抗菌谱、生长特性和营养利用等方面都初步满足益生菌的筛选条件,有待进一步检测其安全性和实用效果以便能够成为能实用的益生菌。 相似文献
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以海洋球石藻Emiliania huxleyi为原料,提取分离生物活性物质,为该藻活性物质的研究与开发提供理论基础。通过对球石藻75%乙醇浸提物采用乙酸乙酯进行萃取,进一步利用薄层色谱、硅胶色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱及高效液相色谱(HPLC)等方法,对化合物成分进行逐步分离纯化,获得纯度大于95%的单体化合物;通过~1HNMR、~(13)CNMR及HRMS等波谱分析技术鉴定化合物的结构,并对其抗菌、抗氧化性能进行初步分析。结果分离鉴定出3种单体化合物,分别为叶绿醇(C_(20)H_(40)O)、棕榈酸(C_(16)H_(32)O_2)和肉豆蔻酸(C_(14)H_(28)O_2),这些化合物均为首次从海洋球石藻中分离获得。其中叶绿醇具有较强的抗氧化能力,且对肝癌细胞Hep G2的增殖有较强的抑制作用,其他两种化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌及副溶血性弧菌均有不同程度的抗菌活性。另外,海洋球石藻中这些化合物除了具有一定的抗菌抗氧化性能外,可能在球石藻响应胁迫(如病毒感染)过程中也具有重要作用。 相似文献
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鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)是常见的海水鱼类病原菌,有23种血清型,其中O1—O3为主要的致病血清型。我国海水养殖鱼类鳗弧菌的血清型种类尚未明确。本研究对实验室分离和收集自海水养殖鱼类的31株鳗弧菌临床菌株进行了生理生化、16S r RNA基因序列、血清分型、抗生素敏感性的分析,旨在系统了解存在于我国海水养殖环境的鳗弧菌血清学型及耐药特征。首先用API ID32E生化反应鉴定系统对鳗弧菌进行生理生化鉴定,结果未能将待测菌株鉴定到种的水平;然后测定鳗弧菌的16S r RNA基因序列并构建系统发育树,结果显示所有分离株聚为一簇,与鳗弧菌有最近的亲缘关系(相似性99%—100%),据此可将临床菌株鉴定为鳗弧菌。以鳗弧菌O1—O5血清型标准菌株为O抗原制备兔抗血清,采用玻片凝集反应对鳗弧菌菌株进行血清学分析,结果显示属于O1、O2、O3、O5血清型菌株分别有16、5、3、1株,表明我国海水鱼类养殖存在3种血清型的致病性鳗弧菌,O1为主要流行的血清型。用ATB药敏检测系统检测鳗弧菌对28种抗生素的敏感性,结果显示菌株对7种抗生素(林可霉素、夫西地酸、甲硝唑、阿莫西林、阿莫西林/克拉维酸、苯唑西林、青霉素)的耐药率为100%,对3种抗生素(红霉素、原始霉素、泰洛星)的耐药率为94.4%(34株),有83%以上的菌株(30株)对12种以上的抗生素产生耐药,表明我国海水鱼类养殖鳗弧菌普遍存在多重耐药性。研究结果为进一步揭示鳗弧菌的流行病学规律和防控弧菌病奠定了良好的基础。 相似文献
20.
水产品鲐鱼(Pneumatophorus japonicus)细菌多样性及优势微生物分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究鲐鱼(Pneumatophorus japonicus)在不同冻藏时期的优势微生物,并且得到一个较全面的细菌群落组成结构,采用16SrDNA基因克隆文库及克隆子分析等方法,分别对冻藏1d、8d和20d条件下鲐鱼鳃体系中的细菌种群多样性、优势微生物及其中产组胺菌的变化进行分析。结果表明,不同时期鲐鱼鳃内的细菌多样性均较强;冻藏1天的鳃体系中不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)占优势为总数的77.5%,产组胺细菌如泛菌属(Pantoea)和肠杆菌属(Enterobacter)较少;第8天优势细菌种群是梭杆菌属(Fusobacteria bacterium)和希瓦氏菌属(Shewanella),而产组胺菌如发光杆菌属(Photobacterium)和弧菌属(Vibrio)较前期数量有所增加;冻藏到第20天的优势种群为哈夫尼菌属(Hafnia)和沙雷菌属(Serratia),它们均是产组胺的菌群。鲐鱼中细菌多样性及其优势微生物的变化等全面信息可为了解鲐鱼水产品组胺发生的微生物机制及其控制方法提供重要依据。 相似文献