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通过分析1978-2013年三北（东北、西北、华北）防护林建设区降水、气温等气象要素变化与植被生态质量的相互关系,以及1961-2013年我国主要草原区气象要素变化与草原生产力的相互关系,指出2000年以来北方降水增多导致三北防护林地区植被生态质量持续好转,且2000年以来在降水增加、生态工程实施的情况下,北方草原生态恶化的局面有所改变。进一步根据RCPs排放情景和预估的我国未来气候变化,指出未来30～60年我国北方地区气候呈现暖湿化趋势,利于巩固和扩大三北防护林和草原生态建设成果,缩短生态恢复的时间;但气候增暖会增加森林和草原火灾及病虫害的发生范围和频率。在对策上,指出应充分利用北方气候暖湿化的正效应,加快三北防护林建设和北方草原生态恢复;同时加强防护林和草原适应气候变化和防灾减灾的科学研究。 相似文献
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利用海西．州草原生态保护与建设调查资料,分析了海西州草原资源现状、草地退化、草地沙漠化等现象的原因和草地建设存在的问题;提出了合理利用海西草原资源,建设良好生态环境的对策措施。 相似文献
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黑龙江省气象局在向气候系统领域拓展中,根据本省具有大农业、大森林、大草原、大湿地的生态特点,在积极开展农业、森林、草原生态监测的同时重点开展了湿地生态监测.通过实施多学科合作,目前已在国际著名的扎龙湿地建起了湿地气候生态环境监测站,并在 2003年开展了部分项目的观测,取得了阶段成果. 相似文献
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内蒙古草原气候特点与草原生态类型区域划分 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为了合理开发利用气候资源，给草原畜牧业生产的分区管理提供科学依据，文章对内蒙古草原气候特点及气候对牧草生长、畜种分布和土壤环境的影响进行了分析，发现内蒙古气候湿润度的某些等值线与土壤带的分界线几乎完全重合，表明土壤带的形成与气候条件密切相关。而气候和土壤环境是草场类型及其生态系统的主要影响因素，因此以气候湿润度为主要依据，结合内蒙古土壤带的水平分布特征，进行草原生态类型区域的划分不仅具有合理性，而且具有稳定性。指出近年来的气候增暖以及由此引起的其他气候变化，虽使草原生产力有一定的提高，但并未使内蒙古草原的生态类型有所改变。 相似文献
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三峡电站修建以后,面临的最大问题之一是生态环境恶化.怎样充分利用气候资料,发展生态经济,是本文研究的核心.本文主要根据三峡库区的地理环境,利用气候资源,整治生态环境,提出构造三峡库区生态经济的思想. 相似文献
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王向华 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2005,28(4):33-33
中国科协2005年学术年会专门设立的＂新疆十二大论坛＂第一场论坛,8月16～17日在风光秀丽的伊犁州新源县那拉提草原隆重召开.论坛的主题是：＂新疆生态安全与森林草原建设＂.论坛由新疆畜牧厅、水利厅、气象局、林业局、中国生态学会共同主办.60多位来自全国各地的院士、专家和学者参加会议,围绕论坛主题进行学术交流和研讨,共商新疆的生态大计. 相似文献
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内蒙古半干旱草原土壤－植被－大气相互作用综合研究 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：19
为深化对中纬度半干旱草原气候-生态相互作用过程、机制及其对全球变化的响应与贡献的认识,一项名为“内蒙古半干旱草原土壤-植被-大气相互作用(IMGRASS)”的基金重大项目于1997~2001年在内蒙古锡林郭勒草原执行。IMGRASS计划在1998年草原生长季节在所选定的以典型草原为主,包括草甸草原、稀疏沙地草原等在内的中尺度试验区开展了多点、多要素的综合观测。观测内容包括土壤、植被、大气的相关要素和发生于地-气界面的潜热、感热通量,还包括N2O,CH4,CO2等微量气体交换量、辐射与降水分布。除1998年中尺度观测试验外,1999~2001年在代表性地点进行了微量气体收支、遥感和沙尘天气相关的专项观测,结合草原站已进行的长期监测资料,分析气候-生态长期相互作用,特别是人类活动干预的影响。在分析观测结果的基础上,对该地区的气候-生态相互作用进行了数值模拟研究。文章简要介绍IMGRASS计划目标和初步成果,包括:计划目标与实验区背景;半干旱草原不同地表陆气相互作用特征;浑善达克沙地及其沙尘气溶胶特征;半干旱草原温室气体收支与碳循环测量分析;人类活动干预下半干旱草原生态退化与恢复演替规律;半干旱草原的遥感测量。 相似文献
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气象观测环境恶化的问题不容忽视赵丁山（洪洞县气象局０３１６００）符合《地面气象观测规范》规定的气象观测环境，在获取具有“三性”的气象记录中，有十分重要的意义。但是，由于种种原因，近年来气象观测环境已经或者正在逐渐恶化。洪洞县气象局，能见度目标物的消失... 相似文献
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我局从1999～2003年,测报工作连续4年未出现错情,在此期间共有1个250个班,9个百班无错通过上级业务部门验收.在仪器保管、使用、维护上符合要求,对外报送的各种表、簿都能做好出门合格. 相似文献
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Summary Considering the effects of causal mechanics on geophysical problems enables us to explain a number of phenomena, which cannot
be explained from conventional positions. This paper shows that the introduction of the force of causality in a simple barotropic
hydrodynamic model of weather forecasts results in the outcomes, which, on the one hand, can not be described from the positions
of classical hydro-thermodynamics, whilst on the other hand, exist in nature. 相似文献
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A. A. Lavrova E. S. Glebova I. V. Trosnikov V. D. Kaznacheeva 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2010,35(6):363-370
Due to the complex orography and the presence of the moisture-saturated air, the Mediterranean region is characterized by
the increased baroclinic and convective instability, that leads to the sudden cyclogenesis and the formation of dangerous
weather phenomena. The results are given of the investigation of formation mechanisms of Mediterranean cyclones, peculiarities
of stages of their evolution and dynamical processes, which occur throughout the atmosphere, using the regional numerical
ETA model of the atmosphere by the example of individual cases of the cyclogenesis over the Mediterranean Sea. It is revealed
that the cold Arctic air outbreak (the intrusion of the cold Arctic air) to the south of the Western Europe, leading to the
formation of the areas of the baroclinic instability and the increased moisture content of the air in the area of the vortex
origin, favors the cyclogenesis. The use of the vertical coordinate η in the model enabled to compute more precisely the vertical
wind speed, therefore, the influence of the orography on the moisture content and precipitation increase became pronounced.
The transformation of the structure of meteorological fields in the course of the development of vortexes is considered. The
computation of the helicity is made, and it is shown that this characteristic can be one of the earliest predictors of cyclogenesis. 相似文献
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Chunguang CUI Wen ZHOU Hao YANG Xiaokang WANG Yi DENG Xiaofang WANG Guirong XU Jingyu WANG 《大气科学进展》2023,40(4):711-724
Here, we analyze the characteristics and the formation mechanisms of low-level jets(LLJs) in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River during the 2010 mei-yu season using Wuhan station radiosonde data and the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA5) reanalysis dataset. Our results show that the vertical structure of LLJs is characterized by a predominance of boundary layer jets(BLJs) concentrated at heights of 900–1200 m.The BLJs occur most frequently at 230... 相似文献
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流场配置及地形对西南低涡形成的动力作用 总被引：10，自引：8，他引：10
本文采用定常二层模式讨论较小地形及高、低层流场配置对西南低涡形成的动力作用。指出了西南低涡的形成是与盆地、河谷以及其上气流分层有关的一种定常态.在上、下为西风分层时期,低层的浅薄暖湿西风有利于西南低涡的形成.在上、下为东、西风分层时期,上层浅薄东风亦有利于西南低涡的形成.小型的凸起山脉对西南低涡的形成没有作用. 相似文献
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On the determination of the height of the Ekman boundary layer 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
S. S. Zilitinkevich 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1972,3(2):141-145
The heighth
of the Ekman turbulent boundary layer determined by the momentum flux profile is estimated with the aid of considerations of similarity and an analysis of the dynamic equations. Asymptotic formulae have been obtained showing that, with increasing instability,h
increases as ¦¦1/2 (where is the non-dimensional stratification parameter); with increasing stability, on the other hand,h decreases as –1/2. For comparison, a simple estimate of the boundary-layer heighth
u
determined by the velocity profile is given. As is shown, in unstable stratification,h
u
behaves asymptotically as ¦¦–1, i.e., in a manner entirely different from that ofh
. 相似文献
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1引言我国执行接地降阻剂测试的技术标准是全国电力系统起草的:“接地降阻剂暂行技术条件修改稿”。在技术要求中要求接地降阻剂的酸碱值应在7￣12范围内。在实际使用中发现该技术要求对接地降阻剂的酸碱值要求范围并不合理,需要分析和讨论。2接地降阻剂的PH值接地降阻剂的酸碱性对地网的使用寿命至关重要,为了不让接地降阻剂腐蚀接地体或者减弱接地降阻剂对接地体的腐蚀,在接地降阻剂测试的技术要求中,对接地降阻剂的酸碱度有一定的限制。国内各厂家用于生产接地降阻剂的偏弱酸的盐类进行了对镀锌钢材腐蚀的试验,结果是这些镀锌钢材均受到… 相似文献
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Summary ?Some features of the climate system that can be considered predictors of the onset and end of the convective season over
the Amazon were identified using one-month lag correlations and field composites. The fields analyzed were sea surface temperature
(SST), outgoing long-wave radiation (OLR), vertical velocity and upper tropospheric winds.
Warm (cold) anomalies in the SST in the tropical North Atlantic and the Caribbean Sea tend to be associated with delayed (early)
onsets. Likewise, there is a tendency towards a delayed (early) end of the convective season with cold (warm) anomalies in
these ocean regions. In addition, the SST in the cold tongue region of the equatorial Pacific is negatively, though weakly
correlated with the onset date. The signal of this SST is more evident in the case of the end date, which is earlier with
respect to its mean date in most of El Ni?o cases.
The convective activity intensity itself conditions the onset and the end of the convective season, as it is evidenced by
the behavior of the OLR and the vertical velocity fields. The more (less) intense the convective activity over South America
during the preceding month, the earlier the onset and the later the end of the convective season on the Amazon region.
The prediction of the onset and end dates of the convective season in the Amazon region was explored using a simple multiple
regression technique based on the variables that have shown precursor signals with respect to these dates. The correlation
coefficient between the predicted and the observed onset date is 0.81, and in the case of the end date, it is 0.76. The skill
to predict early, delayed and normal categories was high, since in more than two thirds of the cases the category was successfully
predicted, and there were no predictions of categories opposed to those observed.
Received July 23, 2001; revised February 22, 2002; accepted April 26, 2002 相似文献
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文章选用阴山山脉山北乌拉特后旗、白云、达茂旗、苏尼特左旗、化德,山南杭后旗、包头、呼和浩特、察右前旗、兴和1971—2000年气温、降水量、天气现象等资料进行对比分析,得到阴山山脉对内蒙古自治区中部地区气象要素影响初步结论。 相似文献