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1.
南海北部表层沉积物的孢粉分布及其传播机制 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对分布于南海北部大陆架、大陆坡和海盆中的45个海底表层沉积物样品进行了孢粉分析,孢粉百分比和浓度的空间分布初步展示了珠江水流对南海北部花粉输入的重要影响,同时,也展示了某些类型的花粉和孢子同其陆地母本植被分布之间存在的关系。孢粉浓度多呈由珠江口向远岸逐渐减少的变化趋势,但在靠近海南岛附近有一个相对较高的次高值区,显示了对多数属种来说陆地和水流为主要花粉来源区和重要传入方式。研究区内蕨类孢子数量普遍较多,近岸尤其显著,这体现了内陆丰富的蕨类植被分布和温暖潮湿的气候的影响,但其百分含量却向外海呈增加的趋势,显示了其随水流传播强于空气传播的能力。大量的松属花粉可能表现了内陆地区广阔的马尾松分布,除松属花粉外的其他亚热带针叶树花粉是比较缺乏的。罗汉松花粉的表现力较好,常绿栎和栲花粉在阔叶树成分中占有较大比例,这明显高于其母本植被在周边地区的丰度,而其他热带、亚热带阔叶树花粉总的百分比较低,没有充分反映其实际的分布。北部内陆广泛分布的灌木丛并没有被其花粉所表现,这类花粉的表现力比较低,温带花粉有一定的含量,来自于东南亚的叶枝杉花粉在很多区域出现,高浓度的禾本科和莎草科花粉出现在近岸区域。 相似文献
2.
研究钻孔DGKS-9602位于冲绳海槽中部,岩芯长度为931 cm,钻孔年代覆盖了氧同位素1～4阶段,年代可追溯至距今73 ka.孢粉分析结果证明,孢粉带与氧同位素阶段有较好的对应关系,其中松属花粉与蒿属花粉比值(P/A)与海平面变化曲线相互吻合.应用非相似性类比法将钻孔孢粉样品与陆地表土孢粉样品进行欧氏距离计算,从而... 相似文献
3.
It was found in the experiments that the transfer of calcium from the solid phase to the dissolved state took place under the interaction of terrigenous matter (bottom sediments from the freshwater lake) with the solutions modeling the interstitial waters of the sediments of high-productive regions of the ocean. This calcium might later bind the autochthonous CO2 formed in the ocean under the oxidation of organic matter. According to the data of the three-week experiment, 1 g of the terrigenous matter evolved on average ～2.3 mg Ca2+ into interstitial solutions, which conforms to the involving of exclusively surface layers of the grains of the solid phase into the reaction. In view of the true rate of halmyrolysis of the grains of terrigenous silicates (a few μm/year), at the value of the continental runoff of solid matter being equal to 16 billion t/year, the amount of dissolved calcium supplied to the ocean as a result of the transformation of the terrigenous sedimentary matter at the stage of diagenesis amounts to 250–440 million t/year and over. These values are 3- to 5-fold higher that the amount of calcium in the continental runoff of dissolved matter supplied by the erosion of silicates and capable of forming carbonate sediments in the ocean under the interaction with autochthonous CO2, unlike the calcium that is product of the dissolution of carbonate rocks. 相似文献
4.
Poor biostratigraphic control for some Triassic-Jurassic successions in the North Sea Basin and sub-basins necessitates the use of alternative correlation methods. This study examines the use of diagenetic signatures to distinguish continenetal from marine sandstone successions (Triassic-Jurassic) in the UK Central Graben. The key diagenetic alterations encountered in these successions include kaolinitization of the framework grains and the development of sphaerosiderite and pyrite. The δ 13CV-PDB values of siderite (−8.1 to −8.5‰) and of ankerite (−10.8 to −9.2‰), indicate a strong contribution of dissolved carbon from the decay of plant material in soil. However, marine water likely influenced diagenesis during periods of relative sea level rise by providing the dissolved sulfate (SO42−) required for the precipitation of pyrite. The presence of diagenetic alterations such as kaolinitization of framework grains and cementation by sphaerosiderite could indicate that the sediments were deposited in an overall continental setting. However, the occurrence of pyrite and scattered grains of deep-green colored glauconite suggests occasional marine influence. Such information on the changes of the diagenetic realm provides important clues for establishing a framework for stratigraphic correlations. Caution should be exercised when interpreting petrographic data as subsequent episodes of telodiagenesis can complicate petrographic interpretations. 相似文献
5.
Transgressions and the sea-level changes of the western Taiwan Strait since the Late Pleistocene 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Lan Dongzhao Zhang Weilin Chen Chenghui Xie Zaituan Yu Yongfen Cai Feng 《海洋学报(英文版)》1993,12(4):617-627
The sedimentary sequences since the Late Pleistocene can be divided into Layers E, D, C, B, A from old to young according to systematic analysis of grain-size, pollen and spore, diatom, foraminifera, radiocarbon dating and paleogeomagnetism of 16 sedimentary cores from the sea area of the western Taiwan Strait. The results proved the existences of the Langqi transgression (upper section of Layer D) formed in middle and late stages of early Wurm glacial period, Fuzhou transgression (Layer C) formed in Wurm sub-interglacial period and Changle transgression (Layer A) formed in postglacial period. It was also the first time to discover the Jinmen transgression (Layer E) formed in Riss -Wurm interglacial period. In this paper it is proposed that most part of the Taiwan Strait emerged as land in the early stage of early Wurm glacial period, and was still under sublittoral environment in late Wurm glacial period, as well as the existence of Dongshan Continental Bridge was in 8×103 a BP. 相似文献
6.
Oceanology - The width of shelves and continental slopes of the East Siberian and Laptev seas affected the postglacial transgression. This dependence, in turn, is directly determined by the... 相似文献
7.
本文依据南海低纬地区SA09-090孔高分辨率的孢粉记录,从下至上划分了4个孢粉组合带,从孢粉成分的变化,重建了15kaBP以来的植被和气候变化历史。研究结果发现:15.0—12.5kaBP期间研究区花粉主要来自当地出露的陆架,揭示出出露的陆架植被类型是以热带低山雨林和低地雨林为主。海滨地区生长着茂盛的红树林,当时气温比现在低一些,但无明显变干现象。12—10kaBP期间植被中低山雨林花粉增多,红树植物花粉减少,这说明此时海平面上升,气温也回升,花粉源区变远。全新世时(10kaBP至今),花粉主要来源于加里曼丹岛和周围岛屿,植被以低山雨林和海滨红树植物为主,但花粉浓度大幅降低,这种花粉浓度降低说明海平面继续上升,研究区距离花粉源区越来越远。全新世中期时为热、湿的气候环境,后期与现今相近。 相似文献
8.
We present new major element, ICP-MS trace element, and Sr–Nd–Pb isotope data of basalts from four locations along the Carlsberg Ridge (CR), northern Indian Ocean. The basalts are low-K tholeiites with 7.52–9.51 wt% MgO, 49.40–50.60 wt% SiO2, 0.09–0.27 wt% K2O, 2.55–2.90 wt% Na2O, and 0.60–0.68 Mg#. Trace element contents of the basalts show characteristics similar to those of average normal MORB, such as LREE depleted patterns with (La/Sm)N ratio of 0.55–0.69; however, some samples are enriched in large-ion lithophile elements such as K and Rb, suggesting probable modification of the mantle source. Poor correlations between the compatible elements [e.g. Ni, Cr, and Sr (related to olivine, clinopyroxene and plagioclase, respectively)] and the incompatible elements (e.g. Zr and Y), and positive correlations in the Zr versus Zr/Y and Nb versus Nb/Y plots suggest a magmatic evolution controlled mainly by mantle melting rather than fractional crystallization. Our results extend the CR basalt range to higher radiogenic Pb isotopes and lower 143Nd/144Nd. These basalts and basalts from the northern Indian Ocean Ridge show lower 143Nd/144Nd and higher 87Sr/86Sr values than those of the depleted mantle (DM), defining a trend towards pelagic sediment composition. The Pb isotopic ratios of basalts from CR 3–4°N lie along the compositional mixing lines between the DM and the upper continental crust. However, the low radiogenic Pb of basalts from CR 9–10°N lie on the mixing line between the DM and lower continental crust. Since the Pb isotopic ratio of MORB would decrease if the source mantle was contaminated by continental lithospheric mantle, we suggest that CR contains continental lithospheric material, resulting in heterogeneous mantle beneath different ridge segments. The continental lithospheric material was introduced into the asthenosphere before or during the breakup of the Gondwana. These results support the long-term preservation of continental material in the oceanic mantle which would significantly influence the isotopic anomaly of the Indian Ocean MORB. 相似文献
9.
Stable isotope ratios (δ13C) of total organic carbon were measured in surface sediments from the continental margins of the northern and western Gulf of Mexico, the north coast of Alaska and the Niger Delta. Gulf of Mexico outer-shelf isotope ratios were in the same range as has been reported for Atlantic coastal shelf sediments, ?21.5 to ?20‰. Off large rivers including the Mississippi, Niger and Atchafalaya (Louisiana), δ13C values increased from terrigenous-influenced (around ?24‰) to typically marine () within a few tens of kilometers from shore. This change was accompanied by a decrease in the amount of woody terrigenous plant remains in the sediment. Alaskan continental margin samples from the cold Beaufort Sea had isotopically more negative carbon (?25.5 to ?22.6‰) than did warmer-water sediments. The data indicate that the bulk of organic carbon in Recent sediments from nearshore to outer continental shelves is marine derived. 相似文献
10.
The evolution of energy, energy flux and modal structure of the internal tides(ITs) in the northeastern South China Sea is examined using the measurements at two moorings along a cross-slope section from the deep continental slope to the shallow continental shelf. The energy of both diurnal and semidiurnal ITs clearly shows a～14-day spring-neap cycle, but their phases lag that of barotropic tides, indicating that ITs are not generated on the continental slope. Observations of internal tidal energy flux suggest that they may be generated at the Luzon Strait and propagate west-northwest to the continental slope in the northwestern SCS. Because the continental slope is critical-supercritical with respect to diurnal ITs, about 4.6 kJ/m~2 of the incident energy and 8.7 kW/m of energy flux of diurnal ITs are reduced from the continental slope to the continental shelf. In contrast, the semidiurnal internal tides enter the shelf because of the sub-critical topography with respect to semidiurnal ITs.From the continental slope to the shelf, the vertical structure of diurnal ITs shows significant variation, with dominant Mode 1 on the deep slope and dominant higher modes on the shelf. On the contrary, the vertical structure of the semidiurnal ITs is stable, with dominant Mode 1. 相似文献
11.
Glauconite grains are an important component of the surficial sediments on the Korean continental shelf. Relatively high
glauconite contents (>20%) occur near Huksan Island in the Yellow Sea and on the outer shelf of the southern East Sea where
they are associated with relict, sandy sediments. By contrast, glauconite grains are rare (<1%) in clay-dominated sediments.
The grains can be classified into four major categories: (1) very abundant, green to dark green, spheroidal and lobate grains
displaying bulbous and honeycomb exteriors with well-developed surface cracks; (2) dark green, discoidal grains with poorly
defined cracks; (3) scarce, moderately dark green, accordion-shaped grains characterized by series of closely spaced, parallel
surface ridges; (4) scarce, green to dark green, foraminifer-shaped grains. Microprobe analyses as well as optical microscopy
and SEM observations show that most grains are composed of mineral mixtures (e.g., quartz, mica, feldspar) rather than a single
mineral species. The mineralogy, morphology, and textural properties suggest that the grains may have formed mainly by replacement
of fecal pellets, and the alteration of mica and clays which have filled foraminifera tests. The high potassium contents,
rosette-shaped clay structures, and bulbous shapes reflect an “evolved” (mature) stage of glauconitization. Glauconite grains
in Korean shelf sediments are presumably relict, and have been produced by the reworking of older glauconitic sediments during
the Holocene sea-level transgression.
Received: 4 October 1999 / Revision accepted: 18 May 2000 相似文献
12.
长江三角洲冰后期沉积物的有机碳氮和有机碳同位素组成与古环境指示 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
长江三角洲的CM和HM孔揭示了冰后期以来的河床相、河漫滩—河口湾相、浅海相和三角洲相的沉积环境。钻孔的有机碳、总氮和有机碳同位素δ13C以及碳酸盐组成在不同沉积相中变化规律不一致,基本上落在现代长江主要支流和干流的沉积有机质组成范围内,而偏离河口地区的表层沉积有机质组成,反映长江流域的高等植被是三角洲冰后期沉积有机质的主要来源,而水生生物有机质的贡献较少。冰后期早期河床相和晚期三角洲相的沉积有机质组成变化要大于中间的河漫滩、河口湾到浅海相沉积。冰后期沉积有机质和碳酸盐组成基本上可以反映冰后期长江流域的古气候变化特征,主要的古气候波动变化与孢粉研究结果相似;但全新世大暖期和古洪水等气候变化事件在沉积有机质组成上的反映不显著。显然,河口三角洲地区由于陆海相互作用强烈,沉积地层不连续,且沉积有机质来源比较复杂和沉积环境变化大,运用全岩有机元素和有机碳同位素以及CaCO3组成指示古环境有相当的难度和多解性,需要寻找更敏感与可靠的古气候与古环境的替代指标。 相似文献
13.
Dimethylsulfide in coastal zone of the East China Sea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Dimethylsulfide (DMS) in seawater were observed four times from February 1993 to August 1994 along a fixed section (PN line) in the East China Sea. The DMS concentrations showed remarkable temporal and spatial variations. The DMS concentrations were generally higher in the upper euphotic layer of the continental shelf zone in summer. The spatial variation, however, was more pronounced even in well mixed winter water, where the concentration of DMS varied widely from 3 to 106 ng-S/l in the continental shelf zone while the salinity was vertically almost uniform. This means that DMS in seawater is rapidly produced and decomposed with a time scale less than one month in the water column. The largest value of 376 ng-S/l was obtained at 5 m depth near the mouth of Changjiang River in August 1994. The mean concentrations in the surface 30 m layer in the continental shelf zone were 21, 54, 126 and 57 ng-S/l in February, October, June and August, respectively, which were about twice as large as those in the Kuroshio region. The mean fluxes of DMS from the East China Sea to the atmosphere are estimated to be 49 g-S/m2/day in winter and 194 g-S/m2/day in summer in the continental shelf zone, and to be 32 and 107 g-S/m2/day in the Kuroshio region. 相似文献
14.
Daisuke Hirano Yujiro Kitade Hideki Nagashima Masaji Matsuyama 《Journal of Oceanography》2010,66(1):95-104
The strength of mixing due to turbulence in the Antarctic Slope Front (ASF) region was investigated using CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth profilers) observations and direct measurements of turbulence conducted off Adélie Land, East Antarctica along 140°E from the 12th–14th February, 2005. The strongest horizontal gradient of the ASF was located below 300 m depth near the 1000 m isobath. The turbulent measurements revealed that the energy dissipation rate frequently exceeded 10?8 Wkg?1 on the continental shelf and upper slope regions. Turbulent diffusivities near the shelf break were higher than 10?3 m2s?1. Near the ASF the average turbulent heat flux was 5.7 Wm?2 and 1.1 Wm?2 across the temperature minimum layer to 250 m and from 300 to 600 m, respectively. The distribution of the high dissipation rate was consistently explained by the characteristic curve of the M2 internal wave emanating from the shelf break and continental slope. The water mass observed in the ASF below 300 m in the continental slope comprised Modified Circumpolar Deep Water and low salinity Shelf Water originating from either the upper layer of the Adélie Depression or the Adélie Bank, and produced by boundary mixing near the shelf break. 相似文献
15.
Massive, transient late syn-rift-to-breakup volcanism during separation between the Seychelles microcontinent and India formed the Deccan continental flood basalts and their equivalents on the Seychelles-Mascarene Plateau and on the conjugate continental margins, i.e. the Deccan Large Igneous Province. We estimate an original extrusive area of at least 1.8×106 km2, and a volume >1.8×106 km3, and suggest a plate tectonic model comprising: (1) development of the Seychelles microplate by fan-shaped spreading in the Mascarene Basin, and continental extension followed by fan-shaped spreading between India and the Seychelles during A29-27 time. (2) Cessation of fan-shaped spreading just after A27 time, followed by spreading along the India-Seychelles plate boundary. (3) Margin subsidence, modified south of Goa by the persistent, time-transgressive effects along the plume trail. The margin is divided into three regional provinces by the prolongation of regional transforms which formed the east and west boundaries of the Seychelles microplate during breakup and early sea floor spreading. In some aspects, the conjugate margins are different from other volcanic margins; e.g. regional wedges of seaward dipping reflectors along the continent-ocean transition have not yet been reported. We ascribe this to the eruption of the most voluminous lavas during chron 29r, i.e on continental lithosphere in a late syn-rift setting. The enigmatic Laxmi Ridge is a complex marginal high comprised of both continental and oceanic crust. It was probably created during breakup, but may have experienced later magmatic and/or tectonic deformation. 相似文献
16.
1999年夏季首次在南海北部海域进行了微微型光合浮游生物(photosynthetic picoplankton)的观测研究,发现了聚球藻(Synechococcus,Syn)、原绿球藻(Prochlorococcus,Pro)和真核球藻(Eukaryotes,Euk)3类微微型光合浮游生物存在,并对其丰度与分布及其环境调控机制进行了研究.结果表明,研究海区Syn,Pro和Euk丰度的总平均值分别为(5.0±7.6)×104,(4.6±4.2)×104和(1.8±1.1)×103个/cm3,Syn种群丰度的高值大多出现在营养盐丰富的雷州半岛及海南岛东部海域的河口、沿岸带与陆架,北部湾次之,是陆坡和开阔海的数十分之一;其水层分布主要在跃层以上,跃层以下其值迅速降低,发现Pro存在两个不同种群:表层种群和深层种群,前者分布型式与Syn相似,后者的分布型式迥然不同,其丰度向营养盐贫瘠的外海、陆坡和开阔海显著增高;同时发现Pro水层分布的高值主要出现在真光层的底部,并往往出现在硝酸盐跃层之上,Euk在不同海域的分布差异不如Syn和Pro来得大,但仍以沿岸带与陆架为高,陆坡与开阔海较低,水层分布的高值大多出现在真光层的底部,而且它是对次表层叶绿素a极大值的主要贡献者,这些分布型式的差异,取决于环境的调控和3类生物生态生理适应的差异.研究海区Syn,Pro和Euk 3类微微型光合浮游生物对微微型光合浮游生物生态生理适应的差异.研究海区Syn,Pro和Euk3类微微型光合浮游生物对微微型光合浮游生物群落总丰度的贡献分别为50.996,47.3%和1.8%. 相似文献
17.
南海北部相干内潮和非相干内潮演变特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过南海北部跨越陆坡和陆架区的3套潜标数据,对全日和半日相干、非相干内潮的动能变化特征进行了研究。研究表明,全日内潮沿陆坡区向陆架区传播的过程中,在陆坡区主要以全日相干内潮生成为主,平均动能生成率为2.32 J/（m3·s）;在陆架区以全日相干内潮耗散为主,平均动能耗散率为0.44 J/（m3·s）。全日非相干内潮动能在陆坡和陆架区均增长,平均动能生成率分别为0.39 J/（m3·s）和0.03 J/（m3·s）。全日与半日相干内潮动能在陆坡和陆架区的表现不同,陆坡区的全日相干内潮动能明显大于陆架区的全日相干内潮动能,而半日相干内潮动能在陆坡和陆架区没有明显差别;陆架区的全日和半日非相干内潮动能要大于陆坡区的全日和半日非相干内潮动能。 相似文献
18.
19.
Osamu Katoh 《Journal of Oceanography》1993,49(1):1-16
We discussed the detailed current structures over the continental shelf off the San'in Coast in June 1988 and June 1989, using ADCP (acoustic Doppler current profiler) data, which were taken by the quadrireciprocal method (Katoh, 1988) for removing tidal currents from observed currents. In waters northwest of Hagi (Yamaguchi Pref.) and Hamada (Shimane Pref.), two mainly northeastward current cores were observed on each of transects. The offshore current core is baroclinic in relation to the bottom cold water with temperature below 10°C, and has velocities mostly between 0.5 and 0.8kt (26 and 41 cm s–1) at 20 m depth. The onshore current core, which is barotropic, has velocities between 0.3 and 0.5 kt (15 and 26 cm s–1) at 20 m depth. In waters northwest of Izumo (Shimane Pref.), where the width of the continental shelf is narrow, it is difficult to distinguish between the two current cores, because the offshore core tends to join the onshore one. Estimating the magnitude of each term in the diurnally averaged equation of motion for about 3.3 nautical miles (6.1 km), we found that the orders of the inertia term and the gradient of tidal stress were 10–4 cm s–2, and the order of the Coriolis force was 10–3 cm s–2. Near the bottom northwest of Hagi and Hamada, two bands of countercurrents were found; one was slightly offshore of the intersection between the continental shelf and permanent thermocline, and the other was in the water colder than 5°C ridging on the continental shelf. 相似文献
20.
The narrow shelf along the coast of central Vietnam is seasonally supplied by large amounts of sediment from the adjacent
mountainous hinterland following monsoonal precipitation. This study examines the fate of these sediments, and their accumulation
rates along two transects across the shelf, based on analyses of radionuclides (210Pb, 137Cs), sediment texture and structure, as well as carbonate content. The inner shelf is covered by sands, and probably serves
as bypass zone for fine sediments transported offshore. Sediment characteristics suggest that the transport to the mid and
outer shelf is related to flood events. Averaged over the last century, the 210Pb-based mud mass accumulation rates on the mid and outer shelf vary between 0.25 g cm −2 and 0.56 g cm −2 year −1 (corresponding to linear sediment accumulation rates of 0.20–0.47 cm year −1). Along with high excess 210Pb inventories, these high accumulation rates suggest a significant sediment depocentre on the mid shelf. The 210Pb-derived sediment accumulation rates were found to be several times higher than 14C-derived rates previously reported for the Holocene, at the same location on the outer shelf. This is probably due to the
incompleteness of the Holocene record, and an overestimation of the modern rate. Another explanation would be increased erosion
within the rivers’ drainage basins, due to 20th century deforestation. This hypothesis is supported by the difference between
recent (less sand, more lithic grains in the sand fraction) and older sediments. In terms of modern sedimentation processes
and rates, the central Vietnam shelf, although being a part of a narrow passive continental margin, is similar to active flood-dominated
continental margins. 相似文献