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1.
以二氯乙酸(DCAA)和三氯乙酸(TCAA)为目标污染物,研究了铁(Fe0)和超声辅助铁(US-Fe0)还原降解水溶液中氯乙酸,以及溶液初始pH值、Fe0投加量、反应温度、反应时间、氯乙酸初始浓度对降解率的影响,并对降解的动力学进行了初步研究。结果表明,Fe0还原氯乙酸的最佳条件是:pH值为4.0、铁投加量为4g·L-1,室温条件下反应16h。超声辅助对Fe0还原水中氯乙酸的反应具有显著促进作用。在初始浓度为50μg·L-1时,US-Fe0还原降解DCAA和TCAA的降解率分别为87.3%和82.0%。Fe0和US-Fe0还原降解氯乙酸均符合准一级反应动力学(对氯乙酸),降解的表观速率常数分别为1.03×10-3 s-1(Fe0还原DCAA)、5.70×10-3 s-1(US-Fe0还原DCAA)和5.63×10-4 s-1(Fe0还原TCAA)、2.58×10-3 s-1(US-Fe0还原TCAA)。TCAA脱氯生成DCAA是降解的速率控制步骤。 相似文献
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根据渤海断面1978~2014年历年8月温度、盐度和溶解氧观测资料,采用旋转经验正交函数(REOF)、最大熵谱和延迟相关等方法,研究了渤海夏季断面溶解氧含量和表观耗氧量年际变化时空模态.溶解氧含量主要存在4种时空模态:第一模态空间分量主权重在10 m以深水体;时间分量均为显著线性低氧趋势周期年际变化和10a尺度跃变.第二、四模态空间分量主权重在5 m以浅水体及断面南端底层;时间分量均为显著线性高氧趋势周期年际变化和10a尺度跃变.第三模态空间分量主权重在10 m附近;时间分量为准平衡态周期变化和10a尺度跃变.表观耗氧量主要有4种时空模态:第一、二模态空间分量主权重在中层及底层;时间分量均为显著线性贫氧趋势周期变化和10a尺度跃变.第三、四模态空间分量主权重在5 m以浅水体及断面南端底层;时间分量均为显著线性富氧趋势周期变化和10a尺度跃变.生物活性组分耗氧与海流输送减氧过程是夏季溶解氧、表观耗氧量模态显著线性低氧、贫氧趋势年际变化主要影响因素,饱和溶解氧强增氧、生物活性组分光合作用生氧和海流输送增氧过程是夏季溶解氧、表观耗氧量模态显著线性高氧、富氧趋势年际变化主要影响因素.渤海夏季深层水体中生物耗氧作用大于浅层水体中生物生氧作用,20 m以深水体中显著线性低氧、贫氧趋势快于20 m以浅水体的显著高氧、富氧趋势.生物活性组分氧化与光合作用是渤海夏季年际平均溶解氧含量、表观耗氧量分布以及溶解氧含量、表观耗氧量年际时空变化的主要影响因素,温度、盐度不是主要影响因素. 相似文献
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脱水热,指高渗性脱水患者因细胞内液减少,使汗腺分泌减少,皮肤蒸发的水分也减少,散热功能受到影响,可出现体温升高的病理表现。《伤寒论》中对脱水热会出现的症状、发病原因、防治方面具有详细的论述,认为脱水热的发病与过度出汗、过度泻下有关,记载了脱水热或脱水会出现发热、口渴、烦躁不安、尿少、肌肉抽搐、脉微涩的症状,提出了防治脱水热的原则有补液、益气生津、回阳救逆,治疗以汗、吐、下为法,并避免误汗、误吐、误下。 相似文献
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实验以 Ti Cl4 为主要原料 ,采用直接水解法制备出了 Ti O2 样品。经差热 -热重 ( DTA-TG)、X-射线衍射 ( XRD)、透射电子显微镜 ( TEM)和比表面 ( BET)分析 ,得出样品 Ti O2 的晶型为金红石型 ,其粒子近似呈球形 ,各个晶面所对应的粒径基本一致 ,分布在 7.0～ 12 .0 nm之间 ,平均粒径为 10 .5nm,对应的比表面积和孔容积分别为 166m2 /g和 0 .12 m L/ 相似文献
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研究污水处理厂产生的污泥脱水液中的磷酸盐(PO43-)和铵盐(NH4 )的去除方法。依据化学沉淀法的原理,含有Ca2 和Mg2 的海水加入污泥脱水液后,可以使污水中的PO43-与金属离子发生化学沉淀反应,实现污水除磷的目的。采用正交试验优化得到这种方法处理污泥脱水液的工艺条件:水温20℃,海水与污水混合比例为2∶10,体系pH值为10.5,反应时间20min。经过静态处理,污泥脱水液中氨态氮(NH4 -N)的平均去除率为34%,无机磷(PO43--P)的平均去除率为95%,比不投加海水的处理提高26%,这表明投加海水有利于强化污泥脱水液的除磷效果。动态处理也有较好的效果,PO43--P和NH4 -N的去除率分别可达91%和18%。这种技术不仅除磷效果好,处理成本也较低,生成的沉淀物还可以作为肥料施用,因而是污泥脱水液除磷的有效途径,特别适用于沿海地区污水处理厂。 相似文献
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本文以亚硫酸盐和硫酸铜制备的氧化亚铜为样品,用Kissinger法和FWO法研究了氧化亚铜的氧化动力学行为,结果表明:氧化亚铜氧化反应生成氧化铜的表观活化能E=174.52 kJ.mol-1,指前因子lnA=195.526 8,相对应的反应级数n=0.99。 相似文献
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福建中南部近海表观耗氧量的垂直分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海水中溶解氧的研究已有许多的报道[1-5].Redfield(1942)建立了海水表观耗氧量(AOU)的概念,主要是为了过滤物理的效应而突出生化效应.Stefansson和Richards(1964),Thoms(1966),Park(1967),Fiadeiro和Strickland(1968)及Hung(1971)等人曾经研究了与表观耗氧量有关的问题.本文研究了福建中南部近海表观耗氧量的垂直分布,并对所出现的表观耗氧量异常现象作出了初步探讨. 相似文献
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本文以亚硫酸盐和硫酸铜制备的氧化亚铜为样品,用Kissinger法和FWO法研究了氧化亚铜的氧化动力学行为,结果表明:氧化亚铜氧化反应生成氧化铜的表观活化能E=174.52 kJ·mol-1,指前因子lnA=195.526 8,相对应的反应级数n=0.99. 相似文献
9.
表观增氧量在近岸海域赤潮快速评价与预警中的应用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文根据浮游植物光合作用原理和氧的海洋生物地球化学过程,提出了"表观增氧量(AOI)"概念,并研究了赤潮发生期间,海水中表观增氧量与赤潮藻细胞密度的相关模式及其在赤潮评价中的应用.研究结果表明,表观增氧量可较准确、客观反映赤潮生物量,可作为具有光合作用能力藻的赤潮评价指标.判断赤潮发生的表观增氧量标准为2.0mg/dm3,预警值为0.5mg/dm3.本研究推荐按AOI值将赤潮强度分为轻度、中度和重度三级,轻度为2mg/dm3≤AOI≤5 mg/dm3,中度为5mg/dm3＜AOI≤10mg/dm3,重度为AOI＞10mg/dm3.用表观增氧量评价赤潮,具有简便、快速、可信等优点,在赤潮监测中,具有重要的应用价值. 相似文献
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本文研究了直接测定海洋河弧菌 (vibrio fluvailis) 5 10脂多糖的分光光度法。利用 1,9-二甲基亚甲蓝 (DMB) ,在适当条件下同脂多糖发生染色反应 ,在 5 5 0 nm波长下 ,反应体系的吸光值同脂多糖含量呈线性相关。相关系数为 0 .9993,最低检出限为 10 μg/m L,相对标准偏差为 1.6 2 ,平均回收率为 (10 5± 2 .18) %。 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
15.
The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
16.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(11):161-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献