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1.
干热岩(HDR)是指不含或仅含少量流体,温度高于180 ℃,其热能在当前技术经济条件下可以利用的岩体。作为一种重要的非常规地热资源,干热岩的开发利用可以借鉴页岩油气的成功经验,采用相似的技术发展路径,找到“地热甜点”,开发出低成本且高效的钻完井技术,逐步形成和完善技术体系,建立与对象相适应的生产运行模式,以期实现对这种巨大资源的有效开发利用。增强型地热系统(EGS)被认为是干热岩资源开采的一种重要方式。EGS最初被称为工程型地热系统,后来才统称为增强型地热系统,是指通过实施特殊的工程工艺,改善地层储集性能或(和)向地层中注入流体,以实现对地热资源的有效开发。其基本方法原理为在干热岩体内钻两口或多口井,将低温流体通过注入井注入干热岩体的天然裂缝系统,或注入通过压裂技术在钻井之间建立的具有水力联系的人工裂缝中加热,通过吸收干热岩内所蕴含的热能,将流体温度提高到一定程度后从生产井采出至地表或近地表进行利用,形成人工热交换系统,用于发电或取暖等。采用EGS技术开发干热岩地热资源,选区选址恰当与否是能否取得成功的最关键环节之一。中深层地热资源可分为水热型和干热岩型两大类、五亚类。其中,干热岩根据其热储孔渗条件差异又可分为无水优储、无水差储和无水无储三亚类,适合作为EGS开发对象的干热岩资源为其中的无水优储和无水差储两种类型。五类地热资源规模呈金字塔形,开发技术难度逐渐增加。基于由热储埋深、热储温度、热储岩性、热储物性、盖层厚度、盖层断裂发育条件等组成的地质资源条件,由钻探成井技术、储层改造技术、管理运营技术组成的工程技术条件,以及由地热需求和资源经济性组成的经济市场条件三个因素,本文建立了三因素分析与多层次指标分解法相结合的干热岩EGS选区评价方法和关键指标,在国内干热岩资源条件较好的17个候选区中,优选出西藏羊八井高温地热区和渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷潜山分布带作为EGS试验有利区。 相似文献
2.
《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2014,55(5-6):784-792
We analyze the results of measurements of the thermal conductivity, porosity, and permeability of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks from wells drilled in the northeast of the West Siberian Plate and in the Cis-Yenisei basin. The thermal conductivity was measured by a “Thermal-conductivity comparator”, and the porosity and permeability were determined using standard techniques. A total of 135 samples of dry rocks were studied for thermal conductivity (Ad). Ninety-two of them were then saturated with water, and their thermal conductivity was measured again. The average thermal conductivity of dry and water-saturated (Aw) sedimentary rocks is 1.8-2.0 W/m/K and 2.4-2.8 W/m/K, respectively. Porosity (Kpor) was measured for 95 samples, and permeability (Kperm), for 44 samples. Comparison of the results of measurements revealed stable linear correlations between the thermal conductivity of dry samples and Aw, Kpor, and Kperm. The established dependences are proposed for the express evaluation of the thermal (Aw from Ad and Kpor values) and structural (Kpor and Kperm from Ad values) properties of sedimentary rocks, though the revealed correlations need further refinement. 相似文献
3.
利用辽河盆地东部凹陷32口井11 431 m火山岩井段的岩芯、岩屑、测录井资料,通过火山地层-地震连井对比,研究了东营组火山岩的岩性、岩相、纵向序列及喷发期次;通过225口探井56923 m火山岩井段编制出东营组火山岩平面分布图;根据43口探井600余件实测孔隙度和渗透率数据分析东营组火山岩储集物性及其与沉积岩和下伏沙三段火山岩的相互关系。结果表明,东营组火山岩主要为玄武岩和粗安岩,归属为5个喷发期次,自下而上为基性-中性-基性火山喷发旋回;火山岩分布受边界断裂控制,在驾东断裂与其伴生断裂的交汇处火山岩厚度最大。火山岩和沉积岩的储集物性均随埋深变差,东营组埋深多2 500 m,其火山岩物性差于互层的砂岩,但好于埋深超过2 500 m的沙三段火山岩。揭示了东营组火山岩与油气成藏关系:1东营组火山岩孔渗(φ=15%,K=0.4×10-3μm2)相邻砂岩(φ=21%,K=29×10-3μm2),主要起封盖作用;2东营组火山岩储集物性通常好于沙三段火山岩(φ=10%,K=0.45×10-3μm2),但其不是储集层而是盖层,而沙三段火山岩多为有效储层,说明火山岩与互层沉积岩储层物性的相对高低是决定火山岩作为储层或者盖层的重要因素。 相似文献
4.
An analytical solution to describe the transient temperature distribution in a geothermal reservoir in response to injection of cold water is presented. The reservoir is composed of a confined aquifer, sandwiched between rocks of different thermo-geological properties. The heat transport processes considered are advection, longitudinal conduction in the geothermal aquifer, and the conductive heat transfer to the underlying and overlying rocks of different geological properties. The one-dimensional heat transfer equation has been solved using the Laplace transform with the assumption of constant density and thermal properties of both rock and fluid. Two simple solutions are derived afterwards, first neglecting the longitudinal conductive heat transport and then heat transport to confining rocks. Results show that heat loss to the confining rock layers plays a vital role in slowing down the cooling of the reservoir. The influence of some parameters, e.g. the volumetric injection rate, the longitudinal thermal conductivity and the porosity of the porous media, on the transient heat transport phenomenon is judged by observing the variation of the transient temperature distribution with different values of the parameters. The effects of injection rate and thermal conductivity have been found to be profound on the results. 相似文献
5.
基于110口探井1 100 m岩心、500余口探井总长107 000 m火成岩井段资料,通过岩心观察、岩矿鉴定、物性测试和含油气性分析,研究了辽河坳陷东部凹陷新生界不同层系火成岩岩性、岩相发育特征和储层控制因素。结果显示：本区发育火山岩、侵入岩、沉火山碎屑岩3大类16种岩性,其中玄武岩类占91.0%;发育6相16种亚相,其中溢流相占63.0%;发育4类9种储集空间,次生孔隙和次生裂缝占主体。砾-粒间孔隙和裂缝发育的粗面岩类、玄武质火山碎屑（熔）岩和火山口-近火山口相带的侵出相、火山通道相和爆发相是最有利的储集岩性、岩相带。储层主要受岩性、岩相、断裂等多方面控制,岩性决定储集空间类型和储层微观特征,岩相控制储层宏观分布规律,断裂控制岩体分布范围、火山口位置和储层有效性。近油源、靠断裂的优势岩性、岩相带是火成岩油气勘探最有利目标。 相似文献
6.
The fundamental researches about thermal physical properties of rocks have much concern in oil and gas field. They go through four stages and are applied in thermal structure of lithosphere, thermal evolution of sedimentary basins, geotechnical engineering and geothermal area. This article summarized the current research progress on the basis of thermal physical properties of rocks and proposed the development of tendency for the future. Moreover, some cylindrical heat pipe, disc heat pipe, spherical heat pipe based on in-situ measurement method and prediction model based on mathematical statistics have been developed. The scholars discuss the internal relation between thermal conductivity parameter of rocks and other physical properties by a large number of experiments. The researches show that the thermal conductivity of rocks is affected by many factors, and the petrologic characteristic is the most important factor. The porosity of rocks, filled fluid properties, acoustic characteristics are also related to thermal conductivity, which is affected by temperature, pressure and anisotropy. In consideration of the study of thermal physical properties of rocks, we proposed the following tendency for the future. First of all, shale gas is regarded as a hot spot in oil-gas exploration and the formation mechanism and the formation of shale gas reservoir are under the control of thermal physical properties of shale gas, but the relationship among thermal conductivity and organic porous, organic carbon content, gas content, fractured characteristics remains unknown. Therefore, exploring the thermal physical properties of gas-bearing shale is an important research direction in oil and gas field. Secondly, the study of big data represents the general trend. Though the database of rocks thermal parameter is continually expanding, measuring in-situ thermal conductivity continuously in well is the best method to get the accurate in-situ thermal conductivity of rocks. Hence, the development of logging method principle and logging instruments based on thermal physical properties of rocks is a necessary trend for the future. 相似文献
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8.
干热岩资源和增强型地热工程:国际经验和我国展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
干热岩（HDR）是一种没有水或含有少量水的高温岩体,保守估计地壳中3~10 km深处干热岩所蕴含的能量相当于全球所有石油、天然气和煤炭所蕴藏能量的30倍。增强型地热系统（EGS）是指通过水力压裂等工程手段在地下深部低渗透性干热岩体中形成人工地热储层,采出相当数量热能的人工地热系统。EGS的研究与开发已有40年的历史,但早期只局限在美国、英国、法国、日本、澳大利亚等国家,我国这方面的研究于近几年起步。目前干热岩的开发面临诸多挑战,如大体积人工裂隙热储的建造、实现EGS商业化需要进一步研究和技术开发等。本文回顾分析了国际上重要EGS示范场地建设和研究过程中所取得的经验和积累的教训,讨论了我国近几年的研究进展,希望为我国今后EGS研究和工程化示范提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
9.
渤海海域黄河口凹陷BZ27-A（渤中27-A）构造沙一二段发育一套湖相混积岩,目前对该储层的特征及成因研究较少.通过岩心观察、铸体薄片、压汞测试等分析,系统阐述了该区混积岩储层的岩石学、储集空间类型、物性等特征,在此基础上探讨了混积岩储层控制因素.结果表明,混积岩岩性复杂多样,由陆源碎屑、黏土矿物、碳酸盐矿物及生物碎屑以多种组合方式混杂构成,发育钙质砂岩、白云质砂岩、陆屑泥晶云岩、泥晶鲕粒云岩、生物碎屑白云岩等类型,剖面上大多呈现夹层或薄互层的特点.多数混积岩储层孔隙度、渗透率低,为致密储层,局部薄层段发育相对较好储层.混积岩储层的发育主要受古地理背景、成岩作用、流体等因素影响,成岩早期大面积碳酸盐胶结是导致储层致密的主要成因,而生屑的贡献、晚期成藏时的油气侵位作用是改善储层物性的重要作用,具有形成相对优质储层的潜力. 相似文献
10.
Seyed Erfan Saberhosseini Reza Keshavarzi Kaveh Ahangari 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(6):152
One of the crucial consequences of steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) process is abnormal reservoir uplifting under thermal steam injection, which can significantly influence the reservoir rock deformation, specifically thin bed reservoirs and causes intensive failures and fractures into the cap rock formations. A thorough understanding of the influences of rock thermo-mechanical properties on reservoir uplifting plays an important role in preventing those aforementioned failures within design and optimization process in SAGD. In addition, coupling of reservoir porous medium and flowing of specific fluid with temperature as an additional degree of freedom with initial pore pressure and in-situ stress condition, are also very challenging parts of geomechanical coupled simulation which would be clearly explained. Thus, a fully coupled thermo-poro-elastic geomechanical model with finite element codes was performed in ABAQUS to investigate the role of rock thermo-mechanical parameters on reservoir vertical uplift during steam injection. It is clearly observed that, any increase in rock thermo-mechanical properties specifically rock’s thermal properties such as specific heat, thermal expansion, and formation’s thermal conductivity, have significant influences on reservoir uplift. So by coupling the temperature as an additional degree of freedom with the coupled pore-fluid stress and diffusion finite element model of SAGD process, the more realistic simulation will be conducted; hence, the errors related to not having heat as an additional degree of freedom will be diminished. In addition, Young’s modulus and specific heat are the rock thermo-mechanical parameters which have the maximum and minimum effects on the reservoir uplift, respectively. 相似文献
11.
增强型地热系统(EGS)热开采过程中循环工质的温度和压力会经历较大范围的变化,这会造成循环工质的热物性变化,从而影响流体工质的输运和岩石-流体热交换;数值模拟EGS热开采过程,预测EGS的寿命、出力等性能指标有必要考虑循环工质的热物性变化.笔者在EGS热开采过程三维数值模拟中考虑水和超临界二氧化碳的变物性,实现了热流双向耦合.针对水EGS分析了各物性变化对EGS采热性能的影响,并对变物性条件的水和超临界二氧化碳EGS的采热性能进行了对比研究.结果表明:工质在密度影响下开采寿命为9.0 a在密度和比定压热容共同影响下的开采寿命为7.5 a,说明密度和比定压热容越大则EGS开采寿命越短;在黏度系数影响下的开采寿命为18.0 a,说明黏度系数越大则EGS开采寿命越长;导热系数则对EGS采热性能无明显影响.注入压力一定的条件下以水为工质的EGS具有较长寿命,但相同时刻的质量流率和热开采率低于以临界二氧化碳为工质的EGS. 相似文献
12.
黔中隆起及周缘地区灯影组古岩溶储层
发育特征和控制因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黔中隆起及周缘地区的上震旦统灯影组经历了震旦纪末的桐湾运动,发生了古风化壳岩溶作用,形成了一系列的岩溶储集空间。通过样品物性测试、薄片分析、野外观测等手段,从岩性、沉积相、白云岩化、构造等内外控制因素对岩溶储集空间的成因进行了分析。虽然灯影组属于低孔低渗储层,但较强的水动力环境形成的藻(屑)白云岩仍具有较高的孔隙度。白云岩化作用使储层的孔隙度增大,增加了岩石的可溶性;沉积间断使岩石经历了大气淡水的风化淋滤,形成了以裂缝及孔洞为主的储集空间。灯影组古岩溶储层在研究区内具有良好的发育条件,将为中国南方寻找深部油气资源提供极为重要的场所。 相似文献
13.
松辽盆地是在印支运动末期至燕山运动早期形成的大型沉积盆地,其不仅蕴藏丰富的油气资源,也是我国主要的地热资源潜力区。本文以大陆科学钻探松科二井为基础通过建立盆地热导率、生热率、孔隙度等物性柱,分析了盆地深部地温场特征,最后给出了松辽盆地坳陷层控型地热系统的形成机制。松辽盆地物性具有明显的垂向分层特征,按照垂向变化可分为4段,分别为盖层段、储层段、稳态热传导段和基底段。热导率随岩性、沉积时代的不同存在较大的差异,总体上随深度的变大逐渐增大,储层段表现出热导率的快速增长,而基底段则热导率差异性大;生热率在白垩系沉积层总体偏低,表现出“冷壳热幔”的热结构;孔隙度表现为从1800 m到2700 m的储层段快速下降趋势,地层储水能力逐渐变弱。松辽盆地地热系统具有坳陷层控的特点,中、晚侏罗世莫霍面隆起形成的热隆张导致了后期浅部的断陷-坳陷双重结构。在坳陷沉积阶段沉积了河湖相为主的砂、泥岩地层,后期随着地下水的循环补给及聚热作用,在白垩系姚家组、青山口组、泉头组中形成了以砂岩为主且空间上由盆地边缘向盆地中心逐渐变薄的层控型地热系统。寻找高渗透热储层是松辽盆地地热探测的关键,本研究可以为盆地深部找热提供... 相似文献
14.
岩石热物性是盆地模拟和预测深部温度时不可或缺的参数。琼东南盆地是当前我国海洋油气资源勘探开发的重点区
块,揭示该盆地的热状态和烃源岩热演化历史均离不开真实可靠的岩石热物性参数。前人虽然对南海北部地区的岩石热物
性开展过相关研究,仍存在实测数据偏少、代表性不足和相互矛盾等问题,亟需新增一批新的实测数据来弥补该区基础地
热参数的不足。文章对采自琼东南盆地19口钻孔的32块岩心样品开展了热导率、生热率以及密度和孔隙度等物性参数测
试,揭示了它们的空间展布特征、相互关系及其主控因素,建立了琼东南盆地新生界地层平均热导率和生热率,据此估算
出盆地沉积物的放射性生热贡献约占地表热流的33%。这些实测的岩石热物性参数为南海北部海域沉积盆地的盆地模拟和
地热相关研究提供了坚实的基础数据。 相似文献
15.
岩石热物性是盆地模拟和预测深部温度时不可或缺的参数。琼东南盆地是当前我国海洋油气资源勘探开发的重点区
块，揭示该盆地的热状态和烃源岩热演化历史均离不开真实可靠的岩石热物性参数。前人虽然对南海北部地区的岩石热物
性开展过相关研究，仍存在实测数据偏少、代表性不足和相互矛盾等问题，亟需新增一批新的实测数据来弥补该区基础地
热参数的不足。文章对采自琼东南盆地19口钻孔的32块岩心样品开展了热导率、生热率以及密度和孔隙度等物性参数测
试，揭示了它们的空间展布特征、相互关系及其主控因素，建立了琼东南盆地新生界地层平均热导率和生热率，据此估算
出盆地沉积物的放射性生热贡献约占地表热流的33%。这些实测的岩石热物性参数为南海北部海域沉积盆地的盆地模拟和
地热相关研究提供了坚实的基础数据。 相似文献
16.
The thermal conductivities of several well-defined carbonate rocks were determined near 40°C. Values range from 1.2 W m?1C?1 for a highly porous chalk to 5.1 W m?1C?1 for a dolomite. The thermal conductivity of magnesite (5.0) is at the high end of the range, and that for Iceland Spar Calcite (3.2) is near the middle. The values for limestones decrease linearly with increasing porosity. Dolomites of comparable porosity have greater thermal conductivities than limestones.Water-sorbed samples have expected greater thermal conductivities than air-saturated (dry) samples of the same rock. An anomalously large increase in the thermal conductivity of a water-sorbed clayey dolomite over that of the same sample when dry is attributed to the clay fraction, which swells during water inhibition, causing more solid-to-solid contacts within the dolomite framework.Measurements were made with a Colora Thermoconductometer. Chemical and mineralogical analyses were made and tabulated. Porosity of the rocks was determined by mercury porosimetry and also from density measurements. The Iceland Spar Calcite and magnesite were included for reference. 相似文献
17.
C. Delle Piane L. Esteban N. E. Timms S. Ramesh Israni 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(6-7):735-745
The Perth Basin (PB) hosts important aquifers within the Yarragadee Formation and adjacent geological formations with potential for economic exploitation by both geothermal energy and carbon capture and sequestration. Published studies on the reservoir quality of the sedimentary units of the PB are very few. This study reports some petrophysical and lithological characteristics of the sedimentary units of interest for geothermal and geosequestration scenarios and help interpolation toward non-sampled intervals. A new fluvial-dominated lithofacies scheme was developed for the Mesozoic stratigraphy from four wells drilled in the central PB (Pinjarra-1, Cockburn-1, Gingin-1 and Gingin-2) based on grainsize, sorting, sedimentary structures and colour that relate to the environment of deposition. Systematic laboratory measurements of permeability, porosity, and thermal conductivity were conducted on core samples to investigate a variety of lithofacies and depths from these wells. Empirical correlations are established among the different physical properties, indicating encouraging relationships for full PB basin interpolation such as between porosity and permeability, when the samples are grouped into ‘hydraulic units’ defined by a ‘flow zone indicator’ parameter. The common principal controls on the PB thermal conductivity are the pore space arrangement and mineralogical content, which are strongly lithofacies-specific. Therefore, the lithofacies type could be a good first-order discriminator for describing spatial variations of thermal conductivity and then estimate their flow zone indicator. 相似文献
18.
根据40余口钻井的岩石学资料, 较系统地描述了乌夏地区二叠系储集层特征及其主要影响因素。乌夏地区二叠系储集层类型多样,主要包括陆源碎屑岩、白云（质）岩、火山碎屑岩和火山岩4大类。乌夏地区二叠系储集空间类型以次生孔隙为主,碎屑岩储集层以粒内溶孔、填隙物内溶孔、压裂缝最为发育;白云岩储集层主要发育裂缝,火山碎屑岩储集空间类型则主要为气孔和裂缝,火山岩储集层在乌夏地区分布较少,储集空间主要为气孔。二叠系储集层孔隙结构均属小孔细喉、微孔微细喉、微孔微喉,储集性能中等-差,整体为中、低孔渗储集层。研究认为岩性、粒度、成岩压实、溶蚀及破裂作用是本区储集层质量的主要影响因素：岩性、粒度主要影响储集层性质;压实作用是孔隙损失的主控因素,平均压实减孔量高达23.65％;溶蚀及破裂作用则对改善储集层物性起重要作用;断裂活动也使断裂带附近储集层物性发生明显的改善。根据储集层储集性能及其控制因素,将储集层划分为5种类型,乌夏地区以Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ类为主。
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19.
Thermal and physical properties of reconsolidated crushed rock salt as a function of porosity and temperature 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Crushed salt can be used as backfill to bury and conduct heat away from radioactive waste in salt repositories. As the crushed salt compacts during reconsolidation, its thermal, mechanical and hydrologic properties will change in a manner related to the porosity. Measurements of crushed salt thermal properties are conducted to evaluate such relationships. A simple mixture theory model is presented to predict thermal conductivity of consolidating salt in repository conditions. Experimental work was completed to evaluate the model by measuring thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and specific heat of crushed salt as a function of porosity and temperature. Sample porosity ranged from 0 to 46 %, and measurements were made at ambient pressure, from room temperature to 300 °C. These are the temperature conditions expected in a radioactive waste storage facility. Crushed salt thermal conductivity decreases with increasing porosity and temperature. Thermal diffusivity showed little porosity dependence but decreased with increasing temperature. Specific heat also shows little porosity dependence but increases with increasing temperature. Fracture porosity in deformed bedded salt cores appears to reduce thermal conductivity more dramatically than inter- and intra-granular porosity in consolidated salt. A long-term effort to dry crushed salt at high temperatures resulted in a 0.48 weight-percent loss of water that had resided at grain boundaries and in intra-granular fluid inclusions. While this loss does not significantly affect thermal properties, the release of this water volume could impact the mechanical response of the reconsolidating salt and host rock. 相似文献
20.
位于鄂尔多斯盆地的佳县-子洲地区是近期天然气勘探的重点区带之一，面积约9 000 km2 。区内上古生界石炭系至二叠系的太原组、山西组和下石盒子组是本区碎屑岩的主要勘探目的层系。对佳县-子洲地区碎屑岩储层特征综合研究表明，上古生界储层成因类型、岩石类型、储集空间类型多样，具有低孔低渗的特征。影响和控制储层发育的主要因素包括沉积作用、成岩作用和构造作用。沉积作用控制储集岩体的发育和分布，影响着储层的基本形态和所经历的成岩作用类型和强度，是控制储层发育的主导因素。成岩作用决定了储层内部储集空间特征和储集性能。沉积作用对储层的控制一方面表现在粒度和岩性的变化上，另一方面反映在沉积微相上。成岩作用对储层产生的不利因素主要为压实作用和胶结作用，有利因素主要为溶解作用和蚀变重结晶作用。模糊数学综合评判方法研究表明，太原组潮道砂体、山西组和下石盒子组三角洲河道砂体储集性能较好，区内镇川堡、大佛寺、佳县、子洲等区块是较好的勘探目标区。 相似文献