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1.
《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2018,39(1):45-61
Decentralization of governance and natural resource management is an ongoing process in many parts of Africa and Asia. Natural resource management requires spatial land resource data for planning. However, currently the financial and human capacity for natural resource mapping, monitoring and modelling remains low in local governments. In this context, this paper explores how new opportunities provided by the increasing availability of free satellite imagery, digital elevation data and open source spatial analysis software, can be applied by local government and NGOs to conduct sophisticated natural resource mapping and modelling in ways that meet their needs and incorporates local knowledge. Reported are cases of a local government using free geospatial data and GIS software to improve evidence‐based natural resource management in the developing world with a focus on raster data applications for satellite image analysis and terrain modelling. It is argued that, through removing barriers to uptake, such applications provide a means of decentralizing landscape analysis skills to improve local natural resource management. This hypothesis is supported through examples of a local government applying these tools in eastern Indonesia, and within this context barriers to wider adoption are explored. 相似文献
2.
This paper broadly assesses some reasons why co‐management of inland fisheries by resource users and state agencies in Cambodia remains difficult to realize. Our survey of the resources, human capacity and associated de facto mechanisms for achieving community fisheries (CFi) objectives among fishing communities of Krakor District, located along Tonle Sap Lake, found these mobilizations at a crossroads in terms of empowered institutional and legal frameworks. Although the commune is a local administrative authority in the context of Cambodia's evolving decentralization and deconcentration (D&D) reform process, decision making and accountability in natural resource management have yet to be transferred to, or opened to participation from, local and subcommune level stakeholders and agencies. Furthermore, the institutional links between the commune council and CFi are ambiguous. This lack of linkages between central government, state agencies and CFi has left fisherfolk struggling to survive against more powerful competing interests. The preliminary findings presented here suggest that the achievement of sustainable CFi management in the Tonle Sap Lake remains problematic without local level decision making powers, sustained funding of CFi and related local government, and partnership between key shareholders in rural development programmes that recognize and encompass women's roles in natural resource management. 相似文献
3.
River catchments have been the dominant form of regionalisation for natural-resource management in many countries since the 1980s. Local governments play a considerable role in planning with ever-increasing responsibilities for sustainable environmental management, planning and development controls. There has also been an increasing emphasis on community participation in resource management, which emphasises the need to re-examine the requirements for spatial definition of resource governance regions. This paper proposes three principles. First, the nature and reach of environmental externalities of resource use should determine the size and nesting of resource management regions. Second, the boundaries of resource governance regions should enclose areas of greatest interest and importance to local residents. Third, the biophysical characteristics of a resource governance region should be as homogenous as possible, which provides resource planning and management efficiencies. The paper describes a range of concepts and empirical techniques used to apply these principles to the derivation of a resource governance regionalisation of the State of New South Wales, Australia. 相似文献
4.
In 2007, the Australian federal government introduced a ‘new’ graduate visa scheme, the 485 visa sub-class. This visa facilitates the transition from student to worker for overseas graduates from Australian higher education institutions, with the potential to significantly increase their numbers in the country. At the same time, local governments have introduced various policies designed to attract and retain human capital in rural areas to address the shortfall of highly skilled individuals. This paper redresses the current lack of research into the spatial dynamics of overseas human capital in Australia and their relation to the new visa scheme in combination with shifts in rural development policies. Drawing on survey data of graduates describing the ‘before’ (2005) and ‘after’ (2008) periods of the introduction of the 485 visa scheme, this paper shows that the propensity of overseas graduates to move between Australia's regions has increased substantially. In particular, there have been an increasing proportion of overseas graduates moving to major cities despite rural development policy efforts to attract human capital to rural areas. However, these policy efforts appear to have attracted overseas graduates with particular qualifications (education and health) to work in such locales. 相似文献
5.
Spatial dimensions of New Zealand's environmental management 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
New Zealand's regional council boundaries drawn as part of the 1989 local government reforms privilege integrated catchment management. This privilege is now challenged by calls to both fragment and amalgamate councils and centralise decision‐making but with little analytic assessment of the spatial differentiation to support them. The spatial underpinnings of these calls were explored using a case study that assessed the spatial dimensions of environment management. Analysis of the Land Environments and River Environment Classification databases and councils' planning documents highlights challenges local governments face in applying integrated natural resource management within single purpose jurisdictions and implications for wider sustainable development policy. 相似文献
6.
资源与权力密切相关,具有政治性。只有提升到社会建构层面来认知旅游资源内涵,才得以洞悉中国旅游资源规制发展演变的本质。以广东南昆山温泉为典型案例,通过实地调查、政府档案梳理和深度访谈等方法对南昆山温泉资源规制的权力和社会过程进行深度考察,以期透过南昆山温泉的典型案例形成对中国旅游资源规制更为深入的理解。研究表明,中国在旅游资源领域的市场化改革在最近30 a时间里建立起一套资本逻辑的话语霸权。在国家拟定的市场化路径下,个人（开发商）逐渐取代国家成为各地温泉资源规制的主角;地方政府与开发商的联合很大程度上主导了温泉资源地方规制的演变过程,进而导致了普遍的社会非正义的现象。要维护旅游资源开发中的正义原则,就需要破除国家与社会对发展的迷思,并借由普遍主义的阶级政治来抵抗不正义的资本积累过程。 相似文献
7.
Severe problems of fragmented policies and uncoordinated implementation undermine natural resource management in Australia. There have been promising signs of progress through activities such as the National Forest Policy, Council of Australian Government water reforms, National Land and Water Resources Audit, the Murray‐Darling Basin initiative and the National Action Plan for Salinity and Water Quality to integrate resource policies. There have also been some notable successes at State and local level. But fragmentation endures. This paper provides evidence of the enduring problem of fragmentation and presents a framework to analyse Australia's experience in natural resource management. The analysis reveals the multi‐dimensional character of the problems and identifies a diverse set of actions that need to be taken to improve integration in policy and implementation. Particular attention is given to the potential for regional programs to contribute to improved integration and NRM. 相似文献
8.
Harriet Bulkeley 《The Australian geographer》2000,31(3):289-308
Global environmental politics and policy are conventionally seen as the province of nation-states and international negotiations. However, there has been increasing attention devoted to the part that local places can play in the pursuit of (global) sustainable development. In this paper, I explore the role of local government in Australian greenhouse policy. A brief outline of the role of local government in environmental management is followed by a short history of greenhouse policy in Australia. From its initial marginal position, local government has begun to occupy a more prominent role in greenhouse policy development and implementation. The paper examines the processes that have led to this change, the development of local greenhouse and energy policies in Newcastle, New South Wales, and the initiation of the 'Cities for Climate Protection' program by the federal government. In conclusion, some thoughts on the problems and prospects of a local approach to the greenhouse issue are offered. 相似文献
9.
Alan B. Dixon 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2008,29(3):341-356
Local community based institutions that coordinate the management of natural resources have been linked to socioecological resilience, adaptation and sustainability within rural livelihood systems throughout the developing world. The resilience and sustainability of related local institutions, however, is influenced by their relationship with external actors and institutions, particularly in facilitating, supporting or hindering local institutional arrangements. From this standpoint, this paper examines the case of local community based institutions involved in wetland management in western Ethiopia. Drawing upon the findings of participatory fieldwork undertaken in eight wetland‐using communities of Illubabor and Western Wellega zones in Oromia Region it is argued that although local institutions do play a key role in coordinating wetland management and sustaining the benefits from wetlands, the sustainability and resilience of the institutions themselves is threatened by a range of factors. Despite their grassroots nature, their effectiveness is influenced by their reliance on local government backstopping that appears to have diminished in recent years, as well as a perceived lack of local government support for collective action over individual rights. 相似文献
10.
FU Guo-bin 《地理学报(英文版)》1999,(1)
1StudyAreaCentralDistrictisthelargestdialectinBotSWana.Itcoversanareaof146531kin',whichisroughlyonequarterofBotswana.ThedistrictborderstheRepublicofSouthcocainthesouthandeast,andZimbabweinthenorth-east.ItalsobordersNorthEastDistricttotheeast.ThenorthernboundalofthedistrictissharedfaiththeChobeDistrictandNgdrilandDistrict.Inthet"estandthesouth-u'estaledistrictbordersNgndland.Ghanzi.KwenengandKgahengDistrictS.ThedistlictisdiyridedintofiveadlnjnistrahvesubdistrictsfBobirwa.Serowemalapy… 相似文献
11.
Spatial databases are used in many natural resources management applications. These databases help decision-makers to design location specfic plans for resource management. In this paper, a geographical information system is used to develop a spatial energy information system model. The model has been used to examine the energy situation in a rural area of a developing country. It can help energy planners to assess the need for energy interventions specfic to certain regions in the planning area. 相似文献
12.
我国西部开发的政府职责探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
刘玉 《地理与地理信息科学》2005,21(1):61-64
西部开发进程中,中央和地方政府应该适时根据宏观背景的变化和应该解决的核心目标与任务调整各自的职责。中央政府的职责主要在于加强制度建设,为西部地区经济发展营造一个公平、高效的政策与市场环境;地方政府的职责主要在于提高服务与管理水平。制度法制化、规范的利益协调与分配机制是中央与地方政府正确履行职责的重要保障。 相似文献
13.
随着中国乡村旅游产业迅速发展,乡村旅游投资加快增长,给乡村地域人地关系和空间格局带来了深刻变革。本研究从“人-地-业”协同视角,在认识乡村旅游投资内涵及其“主体-要素-对象”体系基础上,剖析乡村旅游投资空间作用的“投资-产业-空间”传导过程,理论化构建乡村旅游地空间结构演化的二阶梯级模式,探索性揭示乡村旅游投资目的地空间作用过程与机制。乡村旅游投资空间作用是目的地“人-地-业”系统环境影响投资主体区位选择与决策,引起产业投资要素流动和投资对象布局变化,造成当地产业发展空间不均衡、人地关系地域系统和“三生”功能格局演化的结果。以期,研究发现从微观尺度深化旅游投资与旅游地空间作用理论,拓展乡村旅游地空间演化理论内涵,为指导乡村旅游高质量发展和乡村旅游地高水平建设与更好推进乡村振兴提供理论借鉴。 相似文献
14.
Torben Birch-Thomsen Søren P. Kristensen 《Geografisk tidskrift / udgivet af Bestyrelsen for Det Kongelige danske geografiske selskab》2013,113(2):23-37
Geografisk Tidsskrift, Danish Journal of Geography 105(2):23–37, 2005 As a reaction to the 'top-down 'approach to rural development during the 1970's and 1980's, and in line with the increased focus on ‘putting farmers first’ (bottom-up) through local participation, new and integrated approaches to natural resource management (NRM) have been launched to generate sustainable development. This paradigmatic change has greatly influenced land use planning. Some of the implications involved in this change are discussed in this paper and based on empirical data from Tanzania and Botswana. In this paper we will discuss three critical issues related to land use planning for sustainable NRM: the complexity of livelihood strategies at the local level, the role of different stakeholder interests and the importance of spatial scale considerations. The discussion emphasizes the importance of understanding that the different and often erratic resource endowment of the rural households influences the strategies these households follow in order to meet their overall needs, rather than ‘simply’ maximizing agricultural yields. Furthermore, the importance of spatial scale, in relation to both different stakeholder interests and their needs will be discussed. The paper highlights the need to take community heterogeneity into consideration in land use planning if sustainable NRM is to be achieved in the future. 相似文献
15.
Rachel Winterton Andrew Butt Bradley Jorgensen John Martin 《The Australian geographer》2019,50(1):111-128
Within the policy and academic literature, the impact of rural retirement migration (RRM) on community sustainability has been questioned. This qualitative study investigated the perceived impact of retirement migration on rural social sustainability from a local government perspective. Focus groups were conducted with local government senior managers and community services staff (n = 39) across six rural local government areas in one Australian state. Data were analysed against the three components of rural social sustainability (equity, community and rurality) proposed by Jones and Tonts [1995. “Rural Restructuring and Social Sustainability: Some Reflections on the Western Australian Wheatbelt.” Australian Geographer 26: 133–140]. While RRM is perceived to benefit rural community capacity to facilitate or maintain equity, community and rurality, it also presents challenges for local government. Participants suggested that capacity to facilitate equity, community and rurality in contexts of RRM was impacted by uncertainty around future impacts of RRM on population ageing, increasing advocacy and expectations of older in-migrants, and the impact of RRM on rural heterogeneity. These issues required local governments to think critically about how to accommodate and manage the needs and expectations of older in-migrants, while mediating potential impacts associated with RRM. 相似文献
16.
ALAN B DIXON 《The Geographical journal》2005,171(4):306-323
Much research in recent years has addressed the contribution of indigenous knowledge (IK) to development initiatives in developing countries. An IK system that continuously evolves and adapts in response to environmental and socio-economic change is often considered to be at the core of sustainable natural resource management practices and rural livelihoods. In the context of indigenous wetland management in western Ethiopia, this paper examines the relationship between IK and wetland sustainability, focusing on the mechanisms through which IK evolves and how local adaptive capacity is built up. A series of participatory research activities undertaken in four wetland communities revealed spatial variations in the degree of innovation and communication taking place. The paper argues that these mechanisms are key factors influencing adaptive capacity, suggesting a key link between wetland sustainability and the occurrence of innovation and communication among communities. 相似文献
17.
Total Catchment Management (TCM) has been implemented in New South Wales to provide a more integrated, participatory' approach to natural resource management. This change in direction poses significant challenges for obtaining and integrating environmental information. This paper examines the adequacy of environmental information in terms of both the participatory turn in government policy and the management imperatives of the integrated, catchment‐wide approach of TCM. Drawing on empirical studies in the Hunter Valley, it is suggested that current information available for TCM is inadequate and reflects a fragmented approach that is primarily concerned with biophysical phenomena and is generated at inappropriate scales. Furthermore, most information is generated by government agencies, ignoring the substantial contribution that catchment occupiers could make. It is argued that the utilisation of the knowledge and experience of occupiers could provide more integrated catchment perspectives while meeting the participatory goals espoused in TCM. 相似文献
18.
分权化制度框架下的旅游政策、公共设施建设、旅游投资等发展要素的差异是旅游地空间不均衡发展的根本原因。本文对相关文献进行了系统分析,界定了中国旅游分权化的利益主体,探讨了旅游利益主体组成的旅游地权力网络的分权形式、不同旅游分权利益主体在旅游发展中的角色与功能,提出了不同层面的不均衡表现及未来应关注问题。结果表明,中国分权化框架下的财税制度、利益分割引起不同旅游发展主体间的利益冲突,利益权力网络的空间不对称导致旅游产业结构、旅游土地利用、公共基础设施与旅游服务设施和社区空间发展不均衡。未来研究应以各级政府、投资商和社区居民三方利益的均衡与权力重组为出发点,从区域旅游组织分权、社区参与制度保障及其技术支持、产业空间再结构化、乡村旅游发展的政治角色4个方面展开,以实现旅游地的可持续发展。 相似文献
19.
森林碳汇决策与农村可持续发展研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
认为有必要在基于碳汇的土地利用和当地可持续发展之间建立一种更加明确的联系.依托一个中国-加拿大合作项目,以中国贵州省黎平县为例,阐述了一种将森林碳汇、森林资源管理以及如何促进当地可持续发展联系起来的综合评估方法,并且着重介绍了能帮助资源管理和规划部门实施这种综合评估的土地利用决策支持工具(LUDST). 相似文献
20.
旅游资源的公共物品问题在地理学制度转向的背景下受到西方学者的广泛关注,旅游资源的国家所有制及其近30 a经历的市场化改革使得中国的旅游资源问题别具特色。以温泉资源为例,借助对从化温泉风景区这一典型案例地的深度剖析,采用深度访谈、文献分析和实地考察等定性研究方法探讨国家所有的旅游资源在开发过程中屡遭破坏的原因。研究结果表明,温泉资源的开采权分配格局形成于计划经济时代,在市场化改革进程中资源的产权依旧被多家半官方企业所垄断,各家企业在追求个人利益最大化的过程中,使当地的温泉资源变成了国家名义之下的公地,并因此导致了温泉资源过度开采的后果。地方政府在这种旅游资源管控格局中丧失了指导地方发展的主动权,并成为舆论与上级责难的对象,但当其试图走出这一产权不清导致的困境时受制于至上而下的行政体制而举步维艰。 相似文献