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1.
1960-2009年咸宁市气候变化特征分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
利用1960-2009年咸宁市3个地面气象站气象资料,统计分析近50 a来该区域气温、降水等主要气候要素的年变化、四季变化及年代际变化的趋势特征。结果表明:近50 a研究区气温有上升趋势,气候倾向率为0.23℃/10a,年平均气温在20世纪90年代末发生突变。春秋季平均气温分别在2002年和1999年发生突变,夏季平均气温在2006年发生突变,冬季平均气温早在1990年发生突变。春季与秋季平均气温的变化比较一致,冬季平均气温对全球变暖响应最敏感,春秋与秋季对气候变暖的响应是比较敏感,而夏季对气候变暖的响应最为迟缓。近50 a年降水量呈波动但无明显增降的趋势,其中春夏两季变化趋势较为一致并有下降的趋势,且春夏降水量的变化主导着年降水量的变化;而冬季降水量有上升的趋势。通过对气温与降水变化趋势的比较,发现冬季对气候变化的响应最显著、其余季节无明显相关性。  相似文献   

2.
利用1960—2009年咸宁市3个地面气象站气象资料,统计分析近50 a来该区域气温、降水等主要气候要素的年变化、四季变化及年代际变化的趋势特征。结果表明:近50 a研究区气温有上升趋势,气候倾向率为0.23℃/10 a,年平均气温在20世纪90年代末发生突变。春秋季平均气温分别在2002年和1999年发生突变,夏季平均气温在2006年发生突变,冬季平均气温在1990年发生突变。春季与秋季平均气温的变化较一致,冬季平均气温对全球变暖响应最敏感,春季与秋季对气候变暖的响应较敏感,而夏季对气候变暖的响应最为迟缓。近50 a咸宁市年降水量呈波动但无明显增降的趋势,其中春夏两季变化趋势较为一致并有下降的趋势,且春夏降水量的变化主导着年降水量的变化;而冬季降水量有上升的趋势。通过对气温与降水变化趋势的比较,发现冬季对气候变化的响应最显著,其余季节无明显相关性。  相似文献   

3.
通过对1957--2005年延安地区气温、降水及相对湿度的变化特征分析,揭示了近50a来延安气候变化特征,结果表明:延安地区平均气温具有明显的年变化趋势,总体呈线性上升趋势,趋势率为0.242℃/(10a),1986年发生明显跃变,跃变后春季增温明显;降水量年变化特征趋势不明显,趋势变化较平均气温复杂,波动性大,21世纪以来降水量有所增加。总体上20世纪90年代后呈现减少趋势。在全球气候变暖的大背景下,延安地区降水量下降,气温升高,气候变化有暖干化发展的趋势。  相似文献   

4.
在全球变暖背景下,区域气候变化对变暖的响应存在较大差异。本文基于CRU发布的中亚干旱区逐月气候数据序列,分析1901—2017年中亚五国气候变化的特征及区域差异,得出以下结论:中亚地区平均气温升温显著,自1988年突变升温以来升温幅度达0.37℃/10 a,21世纪为最暖时期。四季平均气温差异明显,春、冬季平均气温升温幅度最大。平原区升温幅度较山区高0.05℃/10 a。最高气温增幅最小,最低气温增幅最大,夏季最低气温增幅为最高气温的近2倍。高山区最高气温增速较平原区缓。中亚地区年降水量总体呈增加趋势,突变后增幅较之前增加了2倍多。受西风带、地中海气候影响,高大山体阻挡,降水量自北向南递减。1901—2017年四季降水量均呈增加趋势,春、冬季为降水量高值期,增速也相对较大。降水日数总体呈微弱增加趋势,各国变化差异明显。  相似文献   

5.
松花江流域气候变化及ECHAM5模式预估   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
 根据松花江流域1961-2000年观测气温、降水量资料和ECHAM5/MPI-OM模式对该流域21世纪前50 a气候变化的预估结果,分析了松花江流域1961-2000年年平均气温和年降水量变化,并对21世纪前50 a气温和降水量变化趋势进行了预估。结果表明,在全球变暖的背景下,作为中国气候变暖区域响应的先锋,松花江流域年平均气温自1980年代初持续升高,升温幅度比较显著;年降水量在1961-2000年无明显增加或减少趋势,年代际差异也不大。相对于1961-1990年的气候场,21世纪前半叶,年平均气温仍将呈明显增加趋势,到2040年代升温幅度达1℃以上,年降水量变化趋势不显著,可能微弱增加,但冬季平均气温和冬季降水量都呈增加趋势,春季降水量也为增加趋势。  相似文献   

6.
塔吉克斯坦百年气温变化趋势分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用塔吉克斯坦百年气温资料,运用一元回归分析法、Kriging空间差值法、非参数检验方法的Mann-Kendall趋势检验和突变检验法以及小波分析法,进行了气温变化的趋势分析。结果表明:1)在时间变化上,塔吉克斯坦过去百年平均气温总体呈现增加趋势,其中19011908年和19151908年和19151960年为变冷期,19091960年为变冷期,19091914年和19611914年和19612011年为变暖期;四季气温总体都有增温,同时也都呈现冷暖交替变化但最后变暖的趋势,其中冬季气候变暖趋势最为明显;四季的平均气温和年平均气温都存在气温突变并在突变后呈现了显著的增温趋势;春季和夏季都有27a的准变化周期,秋季存在12a为准变化周期,冬季存在20a的准变化周期,年平均气温以24a为准变化周期;2)空间变化上,在19012011年为变暖期;四季气温总体都有增温,同时也都呈现冷暖交替变化但最后变暖的趋势,其中冬季气候变暖趋势最为明显;四季的平均气温和年平均气温都存在气温突变并在突变后呈现了显著的增温趋势;春季和夏季都有27a的准变化周期,秋季存在12a为准变化周期,冬季存在20a的准变化周期,年平均气温以24a为准变化周期;2)空间变化上,在19011960年,塔吉克斯坦大部分地区都呈现降温趋势,在19611960年,塔吉克斯坦大部分地区都呈现降温趋势,在19612011年,大部分地区则呈现增温趋势,其中19312011年,大部分地区则呈现增温趋势,其中19311960年的降温最明显,19911960年的降温最明显,19912011年的增温趋势最明显。  相似文献   

7.
利用尖扎气象观测站1961—2013年逐月气温与降水资料,运用气候诊断分析方法,分析近53年来尖扎气温、降水变化特征,结果表明:1961—2013年间尖扎气温变暖趋势明显,年气候倾向率为0.30℃/10a,冬季气温对气候变暖响应最为敏感;尖扎年平均气温在1996—1997年左右发生突变,春、夏、秋季平均气温基本都在20世纪末21世纪初发生突变,冬季平均气温早在1985—1986年发生突变,突变后气候都是明显增暖;1961—2013年尖扎年降水量无明显增降趋势变化,夏秋两季的降水呈弱的减少趋势,春冬季呈弱的增加趋势,但变化也并不明显;近53年尖扎年、四季降水量都没有发生明显的气候突变。夏季气温与降水量变化呈现负相关性。  相似文献   

8.
罗甸县近62a气温和降水变化特征分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用罗甸县1951—2012年气温和降水逐日观测资料,采用最小二乘法和多项式函数拟合对趋势变化进行线性倾向估计,Mann-Kendall方法做阶段分析和突变检验,并应用morlet小波周期分析方法,分别对年、季平均气温和年、季降水量的变化特征进行分析。结果表明:在过去的62 a里,各要素的气候变化具有明显的阶段性和周期性,年、季平均气温上升趋势变化显著,冬季和秋季增温对气候变暖的贡献最大,气候正在变暖。年降水量缓慢减少,春、秋季降水减少导致了年降水量减少。  相似文献   

9.
1961-2007年台安县气候变化特征分析   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
在全球变化背景下,台安县气候变化地域特征明显。本文利用1961—2007年的气候资料,通过气候倾向率和Mann-Kendall检测等方法,研究了台安县气候变化特征。结果表明:近47 a来,台安县气候明显变暖,平均气温以0.34℃/10 a的速度上升,积温净增加约260 ℃或以上,冬季增温对气候变暖的贡献最大,直接导致冬季最大冻土深度以3.6 cm/10 a速度变浅。年降水量出现减少趋势,春、夏季降水量减少比较明显,极端降水日数无变化规律。四季日照时数明显减少,不利于绿色植物的光合作用。近47 a间,除了年平均最高气温和降水量外,平均气温、年日照时数、平均最低气温、最大冻土深度、大于等于10 ℃积温和大于等于0 ℃积温等要素都发生了显著突变,但突变时间存在差异。  相似文献   

10.
1961-2009年三江源地区气候变化特征分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
利用三江源地区18个气象台站1961—2009年气温、年最高气温、年最低气温、降水量、降水日数等资料,分析了该地区年最高气温、年最低气温、降水量、降水日数等气候要素的变化趋势。研究表明:近49年来三江源年平均气温、年平均最高气温、年平均最低气温均在升高,升高速率平均最低气温明显大于平均气温和平均最高气温,年平均气温的升高主要是由最低平均气温升高引起的;三江源年和四季降水量均呈增多趋势,冬、春季降水量增幅最明显,年降水量变化的空间分布北部增多而东南部减少,年降水量除20世纪70年代—21世纪初均呈增加趋势;年和冬、春季≥0.1mm降水日数增加,而夏秋季降水日数减少;年和冬、夏、秋季潜在蒸散量呈显著性增加趋势,春季变化则不明显;年和四季平均风速均呈显著下降趋势;年和四季日照时数变化不显著。  相似文献   

11.
12.
Whether or not actual shifts in climate influence public perceptions of climate change remains an open question, one with important implications for societal response to climate change. We use the most comprehensive public opinion survey data on climate change available for the US to examine effects of annual and seasonal climate variation. Our results show that political orientation has the most important effect in shaping public perceptions about the timing and seriousness of climate change. Objective climatic conditions do not influence Americans’ perceptions of the timing of climate change and only have a negligible effect on perceptions about the seriousness of climate change. These results suggest that further changes in climatic conditions are unlikely to produce noticeable shifts in Americans’ climate change perceptions.  相似文献   

13.
BCC_CSM气候系统模式移植优化及其气候模拟验证   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了提高BCC_CSM气候系统模式运行效率,保障业务科研工作的顺利开展,进行BCC_CSM气候系统模式在IBM高性能计算系统的移植工作;通过性能优化使BCC_CSM模式运行效率显著提高,通过气候要素形势场分布和相对误差量化指标对BCC_CSM气候系统模式模拟性能进行验证。结果表明:移植优化后,BCC_CSM气候系统模式计算效率提高为原来的1.4倍;基于CMIP5 piControl试验,完成531-540年10 a的气候模拟,年平均地表气温形势场分布合理,相对误差小于0.5%,BCC_CSM气候系统模式计算和模拟性能均能满足应用需求。  相似文献   

14.
The Amazon region has been undergoing profound transformations since the late ‘70s through forest degradation, land use changes and effects of global climate change. The perception of such changes by local communities is important for risk analysis and for subsequent societal decision making. In this study, we compare and contrast observations and perceptions of climate change by selected Amazonian communities particularly vulnerable to alterations in precipitation regimes. Two main points were analysed: (i) the notion of changes in the annual climate cycle and (ii) the notion of changes in rainfall patterns. About 72% of the sampled population reports perceptions of climate changes, and there is a robust signal of increased perception with age. Other possible predictive parameters such as gender, fishing frequency and changes in/planning of economic activities do not appear overall as contributing to perceptions. The communities’ perceptions of the changes in 2013–2014 were then compared to earlier results (2007–2008), providing an unprecedented cohort study of the same sites. Results show that climate change perceptions and measured rainfall variations differ across the basin. It was only in the southern part of the Amazon that both measured and perceived changes in rainfall patterns were consistent with decreased precipitation. However, the perception of a changing climate became more widespread and frequently mentioned, signalling an increase in awareness of climate risk.  相似文献   

15.
The fifth-generation Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM5) was used to dynamically downscale two Coupled Global Climate Model (CGCM) simulations of the transient climate change for the period 1950–2100, over North America, following the CORDEX protocol. The CRCM5 was driven by data from the CanESM2 and MPI-ESM-LR CGCM simulations, based on the historical (1850–2005) and future (2006–2100) RCP4.5 radiative forcing scenario. The results show that the CRCM5 simulations reproduce relatively well the current-climate North American regional climatic features, such as the temperature and precipitation multiannual means, annual cycles and temporal variability at daily scale. A cold bias was noted during the winter season over western and southern portions of the continent. CRCM5-simulated precipitation accumulations at daily temporal scale are much more realistic when compared with its driving CGCM simulations, especially in summer when small-scale driven convective precipitation has a large contribution over land. The CRCM5 climate projections imply a general warming over the continent in the 21st century, especially over the northern regions in winter. The winter warming is mostly contributed by the lower percentiles of daily temperatures, implying a reduction in the frequency and intensity of cold waves. A precipitation decrease is projected over Central America and an increase over the rest of the continent. For the average precipitation change in summer however there is little consensus between the simulations. Some of these differences can be attributed to the uncertainties in CGCM-projected changes in the position and strength of the Pacific Ocean subtropical high pressure.  相似文献   

16.
影响气候变化的大气成分,依据其在大气中存留的时间,分为长寿命的温室气体和短寿命的气候强迫因子(SLCFs)。考虑到SLCFs在气候变化和大气环境中的重要作用,IPCC第六次评估报告(AR6)首次有了专门针对SLCFs的章节(第六章)。本文解读IPCC报告关于SLCFs的主要结论,特别强调AR5以来的最新结论,包括:SLCFs的定义、SLCFs排放和大气含量的变化特征及其对辐射强迫和全球气候的影响、不同共享社会经济路径(SSP)情景下SLCFs对未来气候变化和空气质量可能的影响,以及COVID-19疫情期间减排对气候变化的影响。文末也讨论了结论的不确定性以及结论对我国的启示。  相似文献   

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18.
Framing the way to relate climate extremes to climate change   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
The atmospheric and ocean environment has changed from human activities in ways that affect storms and extreme climate events. The main way climate change is perceived is through changes in extremes because those are outside the bounds of previous weather. The average anthropogenic climate change effect is not negligible, but nor is it large, although a small shift in the mean can lead to very large percentage changes in extremes. Anthropogenic global warming inherently has decadal time scales and can be readily masked by natural variability on short time scales. To the extent that interactions are linear, even places that feature below normal temperatures are still warmer than they otherwise would be. It is when natural variability and climate change develop in the same direction that records get broken. For instance, the rapid transition from El Ni?o prior to May 2010 to La Ni?a by July 2010 along with global warming contributed to the record high sea surface temperatures in the tropical Indian and Atlantic Oceans and in close proximity to places where record flooding subsequently occurred. A commentary is provided on recent climate extremes. The answer to the oft-asked question of whether an event is caused by climate change is that it is the wrong question. All weather events are affected by climate change because the environment in which they occur is warmer and moister than it used to be.  相似文献   

19.
Regional climate modelling   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Summary Regional climate modelling is becoming increasingly popular. The most common technique employs high resolution limited-area models to economically produce detaited climatologies for selected regions. A short review is presented of the underlying principles, recent simulations limitations of the method and future prospects.With 4 Figures  相似文献   

20.
Violins and climate   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
Summary This paper explores the possibility of using ring-width measurements derived from string instruments as a potential source of palaeoclimate information. From a data-base of 1800 measured series, we have identified two sub-sets that compare well with living high elevation spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) chronologies from the Bavarian Forest and Austrian Alps. The problems of using historical tree-ring data for dendroclimatic purposes are addressed and by combining the living and historic ring-width data from these two regions, a preliminary proxy of past June/July mean temperatures is developed. This proxy summer temperature record shows striking similarities with a tree-ring based temperature reconstruction for the Central Eastern Alps, the CLIMHIST June/July temperature record from Switzerland and glacial records from the Austrian Alps. This explorative study demonstrates that ring-width series from string instruments may allow the identification of generalised source regions of wood used for instrument making and, most importantly, provide a new unique source for palaeoclimate information at a variety of both temporal and spatial scales for high elevations in central Europe.  相似文献   

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