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基于景观生态学和马尔可夫模型的日本北九州土地利用分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Based on four phases of TM images acquired in 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2005, this paper took Kitakyushu in Japan as a case study to analyze spatial change of land use landscape and corresponding effects on environmental issues guided by landscape ecology theory in virtue of combining technology of Remote Sensing with GIS. Firstly, land use types were divided into 6 classes （farmland, mountain, forestland, water body, urban land and unused land） according to national classification standard of land use, comprehensible ability of TM image and purpose of this study. Secondly, following the theory of landscape ecology analysis, 11 typical landscape indices were abstracted to evaluate the environmental effects and spatial feature changes of land use. Research results indicated that land use has grown more and more diversified and unbalanced, human activities have disturbed the landscape more seriously. Finally, transfer matrix of Markov was applied to forecast change process of land use in the future different periods, and then potential land use changes were also simulated from 2010 to 2050. Results showed that conversion tendency for all types of land use in Kitakyushu into urban construction land were enhanced. The study was anticipated to help local authorities better understand and address a complex land use system, and develop improved land use management strategies that could better balance urban expansion and ecological conservation. 相似文献
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Monitoring land changes is an important activity in landscape planning and resource management. In this study, we analyze urban land changes in Atlanta metropolitan area through the combined use of satellite imagery, geographic information systems (GIS), and landscape metrics. The study site is a fast-growing large metropolis in the United States, which contains a mosaic of complex landscape types. Our method consisted of two major components: remote sensing-based land classification and GIS-based land change analysis. Specifically, we adopted a stratified image classification strategy combined with a GIS-based spatial reclassification procedure to map land classes from Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) scenes acquired in two different years. Then, we analyzed the spatial variation and expansion of urban land changes across the entire metropolitan area through post classification change detection and a variety of GIS-based operations. We further examined the size, pattern, and nature of land changes using landscape metrics to examine the size, pattern, and nature of land changes. This study has demonstrated the usefulness of integrating remote sensing with GIS and landscape metrics in land change analysis that allows the characterization of spatial patterns and helps reveal the underlying processes of urban land changes. Our results indicate a transition of urbanization patterns in the study site with a limited outward expansion despite the dominant suburbanization process. 相似文献
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城市景观生态研究的现状与发展趋势 总被引：24，自引：5，他引：19
从城市景观格局、景观动态变化及其驱动机制、土地利用与土地覆盖变化、生态恢复与生态合理性建设和城市景观生物多样性等5个方面总结了城市景观生态研究的发展现状。从分析结果看,城市景观动态变化的驱动机制、结构与功能的生态合理性评估、格局的优化设计模式和城市发展过程中的决策支持与管理等研究领域还存在着明显的不足,难以满足城市景观生态理论和应用发展的需求,应当成为今后研究工作的重点。此外,城市景观生态研究是一个多学科的综合性研究范畴,景观生态学研究人员必须与相关学科的专家密切协作,才能够推动上述理论和应用问题的解决。 相似文献
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近10年中国土地利用格局及其演变 总被引：95，自引：4，他引：95
在遥感技术与GIS技术的支持下，通过1：10万中国土地利用数据库经过分层提取，生成中国土地利用类型空间分布格局数据库，在此基础上对中国土地利用空间格局进行了分析，而后在引入景观多样性指数，优势度指数，均匀度指数，破碎度指数以及土地利用重心迁移模型和景观类型转移模型的基础上，对中国土地利用景观格局及其空间演变模式进行了定量分析，研究结果表明，10年间，中国耕地重心向北偏东偏移20．93km左右，林地重心向南偏西移动20．35km，草地重心向南偏西方向迁移了18．45km，建设用地重心向南偏东移动，而未利用地重心则向西北偏移7．21km。 相似文献
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Land use change has a profound impact on biodiversity and ecological processes, and is closely related to changes in landscape patterns. This paper introduces the theory and method of land economic niche into landscape ecology, which provides a new method for spatial characterization of urban and rural spatial landscape patterns. Based on this theory, this paper analyzes the landscape pattern of Ganzhou District by using Landsat images as data source in 1995, 2000, 2005,2010 and 2015. We calculated the land economic niche by applying the niche potential theory. Combined with the theory of landscape ecology, we explored the effects of the land economic niche change on the landscape pattern at a county scale.The results show that economic niche of construction land, watershed and farmland increased during 1995–2015, and grassland declined significantly. The economic niche of farmland, construction land, watershed and grassland show a negative correlation with the number of patches(NP), fragmentation index(FN) and the fractal dimension index(FD), and had a positive correlation with the aggregation index(AI). There was no significant correlation between the forest land economic niche and landscape metrics. The change of land economic niche has a driving effect on the landscape pattern of the county, which can represent the economic development direction of Ganzhou District. The land economic niche is closely related to the landscape type which can directly obtain an economic benefit. 相似文献
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基于最佳分析尺度的广州市景观格局分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用遥感、GIS技术和指数分析软件确定最佳分析尺度,对广州市景观格局进行量化研究。对14个不同粒度的栅格图分别进行35个相关指数运算,根据15个敏感指数确定最佳分析尺度为120 m;选取空间组成和空间构型两方面的系列指数,在此尺度下对研究区域进行指数运算和格局分析。研究结果表明:广州是以林地、水田和旱地为主要景观类型的复合景观结构,优势景观明显,3种主体景观类型集中连片、分布广泛;建设用地比例比全国平均水平偏高;建设用地和水库坑塘斑块密度大,平均斑块面积小,景观破碎度较高。景观格局的量化受尺度效应影响,表现出空间异质性的尺度依赖性,因此在格局分析时需选择最佳分析尺度,突出格局的尺度性。 相似文献
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滇西北生态脆弱区土地利用变化及其生态效应 ——以云南省永胜县为例 总被引：65，自引：1，他引：64
土地利用/土地覆被变化及其生态环境效应研究是当前地理学全球变化研究的核心内容,而生态系统服务功能则是生态学、生态经济学研究的热点问题。作者利用滇西北生态脆弱区--永胜县1988年、1994年和1999年的TM遥感影像,采用景观生态学的空间格局指数分析研究区近10年来的土地利用动态变化特征,并以生态系统服务功能衡量相应土地利用类型的相对生态价值,评价区域土地利用/土地覆被变化的生态效应,尝试将二者有机结合起来。研究表明,全县景观总体构成表现为景观破碎度较高,斑块数目较多;林地和未利用地一直占很大比重,林地的不断增加与未利用地的迅速减少是研究时段内土地利用变化的突出特征;研究时段内全县土地利用变化带来了较好的生态效应,土地利用生态效益持续提高,并表现出了较大的空间差异。 相似文献
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XiaoNing Zhang XueLu Liu Ghanney Philip XiaoDan Li QuanXi Wang YaNan Xu TingTing Hui 《寒旱区科学》2020,(1):22-33
Yanchi County is located in the agro-pastoral ecotone and belongs to the ecologically fragile area of Northwest China.It is important to study the evolution of landscape pattern to curb its environmental degradation.In order to intuitively show how the landscape pattern of the study area changes over time,Landsat Thematic Mappers(TM)and Landsat Operational Land Imager(OLI)data of 1991,2000,2010 and 2017 were used.This paper attempts to apply niche theories and methods into landscape ecology,and constructs a niche model of landscape components by using"n-dimentional hypervolume niche theory"and landscape pattern indices.By evaluating the spatial and temporal evolution of niche from the perspective of two-dimensional space to reflect the changes of landscape pattern in the study area over the past 26 years,new theories and methods were introduced for the characterization of landscape pattern.The results indicate that:1)The larger the attribute and dominance value of landscape components,the higher the ecological niche and the stronger the control effect on the overall landscape.2)The ecological niche of each landscape component was significantly different,just as its control effect on the overall landscape.3)The dynamic change of the ecological niche of each landscape component was different,with grassland,unused land and arable land always in a high dominant position,although the ecological niche of construction land and water area was always low.In general,the introduction of niche theory into the landscape ecology provided a new method to study the changes in regional landscape pattern. 相似文献
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挠力河流域湿地景观演变的累积效应 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
基于累积效应方法和原理,利用遥感和GIS技术,分析了挠力河流域湿地景观时空演变过程及其产生的累积效应。结果显示,该流域湿地景观变化是人类土地开发活动不断叠加、影响强度和空间范围不断扩大的结果。产生的直接累积效应包括湿地景观面积丧失、景观结构破碎化、水文情势变化和生态系统退化;间接的累积效应主要包括生物多样性下降和区域气候趋暖变干。目前,挠力河流域湿地景观变化已经超过了阈值条件,累积效应达到了极为显著的程度。其中,湿地景观多样性趋于丧失,植物物种多样性发生显著变化,某些珍稀水禽种群数量显著下降,有些保护物种已经消失,流域湿地生态正面临极为严重的形势。 相似文献
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深圳快速城市化地区公路沿线土地利用空间集聚 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
以2005 年深圳市主要公路沿线6 类城市建设用地为研究对象, 基于景观格局指数和空间数据挖掘(SDM) 中的空间关联规则, 研究不同缓冲带内其建设用地单一类型、相邻类型及组合类型的空间聚集特征。结果表明: 主要公路两侧以工业用地为主, “三来一补”、“三 资”企业为主体的外向型乡镇企业加快了特区外的农村城市化进程; 城市公共设施、教育和医疗卫生用地缺乏, 一定程度上妨碍了城市经济功能的协调; 单一类型建设用地景观分异特征趋向于距公路越远, 出现频率越小, 且随着逐渐远离公路线出现了若干次级集中区, 距公路500-1000 m 可作为识别该次级中心的特征带; 两类建设用地之间的空间邻近分布特征表 明, 以各类建设用地为中心与其他类建设用地在公路线附近均表现邻近, 沿线附近和较远距离上随工业用地出现峰值, 同时出现其周围住宅用地的聚集, 特区外该类现象尤为明显; 土地利用组合特征表明各类建设用地均呈很强的空间自相关性, 其中以各类建设用地与工业用 地的组合尤为普遍, 体现了研究区尤其是特区外主要工业承载区中经济活动空间以工业区为 中心的集群效应。 相似文献
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土地利用变化对生物多样性和生态过程有着深刻的影响,与城乡景观格局变化密切相关。尝试将土地利用变化驱动力——土地经济生态位的理论和方法引入到景观生态学当中,为城乡空间景观格局空间表征提供新的方法。通过选取表征景观格局指标的破碎化指数、分形维数,利用Envi4.8、Arcmap10.0,Fragstasts4.1等软件,以广东省惠州市为例,在分析土地经济生态位与景观类型、景观指数之间的关系基础上,对土地经济生态位变化下的城乡空间景观格局进行表征。结果表明：不同景观土地面积数量的增减与该类型土地经济生态位升降具有一致性的规律,土地经济生态位上升,相应的景观土地面积增大,反之则减小;土地经济生态位越小,表征景观格局的景观破碎化指数、分维数指数越大,破碎化指数与分维数指数的增减与土地经济生态位升降表现出一致性的规律,土地经济生态位上升,相应的破碎化指数、分维数指数则增大,反之则减小;城乡空间景观格局变化的发生主要出现在土地经济生态位高的区域。土地经济生态位的变化是城乡景观格局变化的重要影响因子,能够很好解释城乡空间景观格局特征。 相似文献
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论土地利用转型的研究框架 总被引：25，自引：4，他引：21
当前,土地变化研究尚缺乏统一的理论指导。探索土地利用转型理论对构建土地变化研究的理论基础具有重要意义。本文试图梳理土地利用转型研究的缘起、拓展及启示,辨析土地利用转型与土地利用变化的内涵差异,构建土地利用转型的研究框架。结果表明：① 耕地及城乡建设用地利用转型研究对构建土地利用转型的研究框架具有重要价值;② 土地利用转型与土地利用变化在基本类型、时间尺度、空间尺度、价值主体、驱动因素、轨迹特征和结果/影响方面存在显著差异;③ 土地利用转型的研究框架涵盖转型诊断、机制研究和效应研究。其中,转型诊断的关键在于,从数量变化视角、景观格局变化视角和经营格局变化视角,以及外部性视角和政策发展视角,构建土地利用空间形态及功能形态的分析指标和转型的诊断准则;转型机制表现为人口、经济、技术、制度、文化和区位因素等土地利用变化深层驱动因素的级联驱动效应。转型机制研究应当着重探讨土地利用空间转型与功能转型的互动机制环;土地利用转型效应包括社会、经济、环境3个方面;④ 1961-2011年法国耕地利用转型能够支撑本文提出的研究框架及中国耕地保护创新。 相似文献
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湿地景观格局变化研究进展 总被引：45，自引：1，他引：44
湿地是自然界最富生物多样性的生态景观,具有重要的生态功能。湿地景观格局是各种生态过程综合作用的结果,具有高度的景观异质性,对景观的功能和过程有着显著的影响。湿地生态系统是世界上受威胁最为严重的生态系统之一,在自然因素和人类活动的影响下发生了大面积的转化或丧失。本文从湿地景观格局研究方法、面积变化、景观类型转化、驱动力以及动态模型、湿地景观格局指数以及湿地景观格局与气候变化之间的关系等方面综述了湿地景观格局变化的研究进展,指出湿地景观格局变化及其生态效应和高原湿地景观格局变化与气候变化之间的关系是未来研究的重点领域。 相似文献
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北方13省土地利用/覆盖动态变化分析 总被引：20，自引：9，他引：11
对北方13省1989~1999年的宏观土地利用/覆盖动态变化进行分析。结果表明:研究区草地、水体的退化以及未利用地的不断扩展增加区域生态系统的敏感性和脆弱性,生态环境压力进一步增大;土地利用/覆盖总体破碎度不断增加,土地利用向着多样化和均质化方向发展;10年间,各种土地利用/覆盖类型重心的空间位置均有所变化。水体变化最明显,其次为未利用地、耕地和城建用地;各种土地利用/覆盖类型变化表现出明显的区域差异。 相似文献
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GIS与RS技术支持下的北京西北地区景观格局优化 总被引：35，自引：1，他引：34
在区域尺度上以城市化过程为特征的土地利用活动对景观功能的稳定和景观结构的差异性有着深刻的影响。选择北京西北地区为研究区域, 应用RS 与GIS 技术, 对1989 年、1996 年、2005 年三期LANDSAT TM 图像进行解译判读, 深入分析研究区景观格局时空变化特征, 发现城市扩展造成了生态绿地破碎化、景观连通性降低及景观单一等一系列问题。在此基础上, 本研究以景观流运行受距离、障碍等因素影响原理作为出发点, 采用累积耗费距离模型, 结合景观组分的生态系统服务功能价值和空间作用, 研究了北京西北地区景观结构紧密性和生态功能空间差异, 进而构建源地、生态廊道和生态节点等景观组分来加强生态网络的空间联系, 最后提出本研究区域的景观格局优化方案。该研究方法及结果对北京地区景观生态规划和建设具有重要的理论依据和和参考价值。 相似文献
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Supported by the technologies of remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS), we chose northwest of Beijing as a study area and gave priority to understanding of the spatial-temporal characteristics of landscape pattern change through visually interpreted Landsat TM images of 1989, 1996 and 2005. It is believed that there were a series of landscape ecological problems caused by city expansion: landscape ecological connectivity was low; landscape structure was simplified; the fragmentation of green land patch was more obvious on the plain areas, moreover, spatial distribution of green land was unbalanced. For this reason, this study adopted accumulative cost distance model, combined with ecosystem services and spatial interactions of landscape types, analyzed the spatial difference of the ecological function and the compactness of landscape structure in the study area, and further discussed the landscape pattern optimization proposal. We find that it is essential to protect and establish ecological sources, to establish urban ecological corridors, and to establish ecological nodes at the landscape ecological strategic positions so as to intensify spatial relationships among landscape elements and maintain continuity of landscape ecological process and pattern in the course of city expansion. The methods and final results from this study are expected to be useful for landscape ecological planning in Beijing region. 相似文献
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Rapid urbanization leads to losses in arable land; quantitatively analyzing the impact of urbanization on arable land is significant for arable land management. However, changes in arable land due to urbanization with scale and neighborhood effects remains poorly understood at the town scale. In this study, high-resolution historical land use data, landscape metric analysis and spatial regression were integrated to quantify the impacts of urbanization on arable land use change (abandonment and conversion) at spatial scales of 300 m–3300 m using a block size increment of 200 m and at the catchment scale in the town of Jinjing in subtropical central China. Arable land abandonment was the predominant type of arable land change and presented strong spatial autocorrelations at each spatial scale. Arable land was converted to tea fields because agricultural structure transformations were occurring around the urban cores, and the amount of arable land converted to residential land accounted for only a small proportion of the total arable land loss and had no spatial autocorrelation. The significance and robustness of the arable land changes impacted by urbanization had obvious scale effects and strong neighborhood effects in nearby regions. Compared with block scales, the catchment scale is an optimal scale for assessing the influence of urbanization and applying planning policy. Our results highlight the significance of incorporating spatial interactions in urbanization research, which can generate less biased estimations and consequently lead to proper policy implication and recommendations. In addition, multi-scale comparisons are helpful for better understanding the relationships between arable land changes and urbanization and provide further insights into the harmonious development of rural settlements and urban cores to preserve arable land. 相似文献