共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(5):435-451
Cenozoic basaltic volcanism in southeastern China was related to the lithospheric extension and asthenospheric upwelling at the eastern Eurasian continental margin. The cenozoic basaltic rocks from this region can be grouped into three different series: tholeiitic basalts, alkali basalts, and picritic-nephelinitic basalts. Each basalt series has distinctive geochemical features and is not derived from a common source rock by different degrees of partial melting or from a common parental magma by fractional crystallization. The mineralogy, petrography, and major and trace-element geochemistry of the tholeiites are similar to oceanic island basalts, implying that the mantle source for these Chinese continental tholeiites was similar to that of the oceanic island basalts—an asthenospheric mantle. The alkali basalts and picritic-nephelinitic basalts are enriched in incompatible trace elements, and their geochemical features can be interpreted as a result of partial melting of an enriched lithospheric mantle, or the mixing products of an asthenospheric magma with a component derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle through thermal erosion at the base of the lithosphere. But the lack of a transitional rock type and continuous variational trends among these basalts suggests that the mixing between asthenospheric magmas and lithospheric magmas probably was not significant in the petrogenesis of the basalts from SE China. Low-degree partial melting of enriched lithospheric mantle alone can account for the observed geochemical data from these basalts. 相似文献
2.
Shuang-Qing Li Yan Wang Bo-Wen Fang Jian-Feng He Fukun Chen Wolfgang Siebel 《International Geology Review》2019,61(1):39-55
Following the amalgamation of the Siberian and North China Cratons, NE China, as part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), underwent Late Mesozoic lithospheric extension that was associated with volcanic activity. The Songliao Basin is the most important rift structure formed during these processes and contains voluminous volcanic rocks interlayered with sedimentary infill. Mafic-to-intermediate lavas are associated with felsic ones. This study focusses on the geochemical compositions of the less-widespread Early Cretaceous mafic-to-intermediate lavas in the Songliao Basin and compares them with the more abundant felsic rocks. Two mafic-to-intermediate magma series, one with alkaline and the other with sub-alkaline affinity, were identified. High MgO and Cr contents, low Th/Nb and La/Nb ratios, and variable but depleted Nd isotope compositions indicate that both magma suites were most likely formed by the melting of enriched upper mantle sources. Sub-alkaline mafic-to-intermediate rocks and I-type rhyolites define a co-genetic magma series. This rock suite was produced by the melting of subduction-modified lithospheric mantle and subsequent magma evolution as well as crustal melting during lithospheric extension. Alkaline mafic-to-intermediate rocks and A-type rhyolites form another co-genetic magma suite that was produced under within-plate conditions from an OIB-type mantle source, supposed to be the heterogeneous shallow asthenosphere and/or the lower lithosphere. Decompression partial melting of this mantle source requires a relatively thin lithosphere. The development of alkaline mafic rocks and A-type rhyolites as typical bimodal volcanic assemblage reflects that lithospheric thinning below the Songliao Basin reached its maximum, whereas basin rifting terminated afterwards. 相似文献
3.
近年来,东北地区地幔热演化过程的相关研究相对较少,而揭示东北地区地幔热演化过程的有效手段就是研究东北地区玄武岩的成分变异特征.系统总结并对比了大兴安岭北段早白垩世玄武质岩石和新生代玄武质岩石的化学成分变异,以便揭示研究区中生代晚期-新生代的地幔热演化过程.大兴安岭北段早白垩世玄武岩在化学上属于拉斑玄武岩系列,以亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素为特征,它们的La/Nb和La/Ta比值分别介于1.8~5.6和30~87,暗示岩浆起源于岩石圈地幔;它们的初始87Sr/86Sr值、εNd（t）和εHf（t）值分别介于0.704 5~0.706 9、-1.52~+3.60和+1.74~+7.77,表明岩浆源区属于弱亏损-弱富集的岩石圈地幔;早白垩世玄武质岩石的Sr-Nd-Pb同位素成分指示岩浆源区是由DM和EMⅡ型地幔端元混合而成,并经历了俯冲流体的交代.表明大兴安岭北段早白垩世玄武质岩浆源区为受早期俯冲流体交代的岩石圈地幔.新生代超钾质和钾质玄武岩具有Nb-Ta的弱负异常,87Sr/86Sr值为0.704 7~0.705 7、εNd（t）值为-6.3~-0.8,而地幔捕掳体具有Sr-Nd同位素亏损特征;钠质玄武岩具有Nb-Ta的正异常,较超钾质和钾质玄武岩具有低的87Sr/86Sr（0.703 5~0.704 2）以及高的εNd（t）值（+3.4~+6.6）,类似MORB的同位素组成,这些特征说明大兴安岭北段新生代玄武质岩石起源于软流圈地幔.综上所述,大兴安岭北段早白垩世和新生代玄武质岩石成分的差异不仅指示其岩浆源区从岩石圈地幔转变为软流圈地幔,更为重要的是它揭示了研究区地幔的热演化过程——从早白垩世高的地温梯度到新生代低的地温梯度的转变.这一过程也是岩石圈从中生代晚期到新生代逐渐增厚的过程.结合区域构造演化,可以得出大兴安岭北段早白垩世的玄武质岩浆作用与岩石圈伸展、减薄形成的裂陷作用相关,而新生代玄武质岩浆作用则与陆内裂谷作用相关. 相似文献
4.
Volcanism along the northwest boundary of the Arabian Plate found in the Gaziantep Basin, southeast Turkey, is of Miocene age and is of alkaline and calc-alkaline basic composition. The rare earth element data for both compositional series indicates spinel–peridotite source areas. The rare earth and trace elements of the alkaline lavas originate from a highly primitive and slightly contaminated asthenospheric mantle; those of the calc-alkaline lavas originate from a highly heterogeneous, asthenospheric, and lithospheric mantle source. Partial melting and magmatic differentiation processes played a role in the formation of the petrological features of these volcanics. These rocks form two groups on the basis of their ~(87) Sr/~(86) Sr and ~(143) Nd/~(144) Nd isotopic compositions in addition to their classifications based on their chemical compositions(alkaline and calc-alkaline). These isotopic differences indicate a dissimilar parental magma. Therefore, high Nd isotope samples imply a previously formed and highly primitive mantle whereas low Nd isotope samples may indicate comparable partial melting of an enriched heterogeneous shallow mantle. Other isotopic changes that do not conform to the chemical features of these lavas are partly related to the various tectonic events of the region, such as the Dead Sea Fault System and the Bitlis Suture Zone. 相似文献
5.
黄骅盆地中新生代火山岩岩相及岩石化学特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过对渤海地区黄骅盆地中新生代火山岩进行典型的岩芯取样、岩相及全岩分析,并结合KAr法测年、微量元素和同位素地球化学分析,得出以下结论:主要岩石类型有新生代老第三纪玄武岩、中生代晚白垩世玄武粗安岩、中生代晚白垩世粗面英安岩和流纹岩和中生代早三叠世英安岩。晚中生代火山岩岩石的主量元素丰度呈双峰分布,从老到新,火山岩主元素中SiO2减少,Fe2O3、FeO、CaO、MgO、TiO2、P2O5、MnO有所增加。新生代玄武岩可能源自亏损的软流圈地幔,晚白垩世玄武粗安岩源自玄武质组分亏损和受到富集改造的岩石圈地幔, 相似文献
6.
中国东南部晚中生代-新生代玄武岩与壳幔作用 总被引：46，自引：2，他引：44
中国东南部的火山活动在早中生代时期仅有很小规模,晚中生代最早的、较大规模的岩浆活动始于中侏罗世早期,至早白垩世是火山岩浆活动的鼎盛期,在近100个Ma的时间内形成了大面积分布的晚中生代火山-侵入岩,而在新生代则以面积较小的玄武岩浆喷出活动为主,局限分布于沿海一带。以晚中生代湘南、赣南和闽西南的近EW向火山岩带和浙、闽沿海地区的近NNE向火山岩带,以及新生代近NNE向火山岩带为研究对象,对这些火山岩的地球化学特征对比研究,结合时空分布,讨论了它们的起源及其与壳幔相互作用的关系,以及它们形成的构造环境,其结果显示,EW向晚中生代火山岩带（180～170Ma）的西段玄武岩独立产出,且明显属碱性系列;而中段和东段玄武岩和流纹岩伴生,其中的玄武岩均为亚碱性系列的拉斑玄武岩。它们形成于板内拉张构造环境,是中国东南部特提斯构造域向太平洋构造域转换、晚中生代大规模岩浆作用的序幕。研究表明,该火山岩带自西向东表现出不同程度的壳幔相互作用,玄武岩在成岩过程中有少量陆壳组分加入。NNE向晚中生代火山岩带（130～90Ma）主要为流纹质岩石,安山岩和玄武岩很少。即使是双峰式火山岩也以酸性岩为主,玄武岩仅占全部火山岩体积的30％以下。其中的玄武岩主要属钙碱性系列,少数属拉斑系列。它们形成于火山弧构造环境,是中国东南部受太平洋构造域影响发生大规模火山岩浆作用的主旋律。其中玄武岩岩浆成分受到了较高程度的陆壳物质混染,同时代的中性火山岩是由底侵的玄武岩岩浆和陆壳物质来源的酸性岩浆发生岩浆混合作用而形成的,反映了强烈的壳幔相互作用。NNE向新生代火山岩带,分布在浙闽沿海,以碱性系列玄武岩为主,均含幔源包体,并受NNE向大陆边缘断裂构造的控制。它们形成于板内裂谷环境,是中国东南沿海由晚中生代火山弧构造环境转换为新生代板内裂谷环境的标志,起源于软流圈地幔,并有EMII岩石圈地幔的混合组分,但基本没有受到陆壳物质的混染。 相似文献
7.
湘东北地区发育一套晚燕山期(距今85~95Ma)的细碧质玄武岩。该岩石具碱性-拉斑质玄武岩亲和性,矿物成份以钠长石为主,呈斑状和交织结构,气孔—杏仁构造发育。富钠低钾,轻稀土元素富集而重稀土元素亏损,大离子亲石元素(LILE)可变地亏损或富集,高场强元素(HFSE)Th、U、Ti和Hf相对富集而Y、Yb、Zr、P及Nb和Ta表现适度的亏损。Nd同位素成份(εNd(t)=-1.29~0.66)则暗示该岩石并不起源于软流圈地幔。结合中生代华南地区特别是江南造山带大地构造演化,该细碧质玄武岩应产于板内构造环境,起源于一个不太富集的陆下岩石圈地幔低度熔融,可能与晚三叠世扬子地块与华北地块的碰撞导致华南大陆内部因古缝合线或古深断裂活化而诱发的陆内造山事件有关。湘东北晚燕山期细碧质玄武岩是华南燕山期陆内造山运动的后造山阶段于距今90Ma左右开始的岩石圈沿长沙—平江断裂伸展裂陷的产物。郯庐断裂可能向南延伸至湖南境内。 相似文献
8.
9.
中国东部中—新生代,下部岩石圈存在壳与幔、岩石圈与软流圈两个相互作用带,它们是重要的岩浆源区,在层圈相互作用中,热和物质的交换及其动力学过程是引起中、新生代岩石圈内部层圈间的厚度调整、岩石圈不均匀减薄以及区域构造-岩浆-成矿作用的重要机理。大陆内部的壳-幔作用有3种类型:地幔来源的底侵熔体与下地壳的作用;下地壳拆沉进入弱化(weakening)了的岩石圈地幔二者发生的作用以及陆-陆碰撞深俯冲带的壳-幔相互作用。它们形成的火山岩组合有一定的差别,但源区都含有地壳组分。岩石圈-软流圈的作用带也是重要的岩浆源区,源区是以软流圈地幔为主,基本不含地壳组分。东部岩石圈的减薄时间大体与出现大规模软流圈来源的玄武岩喷发的时间一致,也与上述两类层圈作用转换的时间一致,大约在100Ma以后。 相似文献
10.
L. Beccaluva M. Coltorti P. Di Girolamo L. Melluso L. Milani V. Morra F. Siena 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2002,74(2-4):277-297
Summary The Late Pleistocene Mt. Vulture strato-volcano developed at the intersection of NE-SW and NW-SE lithospheric fault systems,
on the easternmost border of the Apennine compressional front overthrust onto the Apulian foreland. The initial phase of the
volcanic activity is represented by pyroclastic deposits, including lava blocks, and subordinate eccentric domes, mostly phonolitic
in composition. The later stages of activity formed the bulk of the strato-volcano (pyroclastic products and subordinate lavas),
mostly tephritic in composition, with minor intercalations of basanite, mela-foidite and melilitite lavas and dikes.
Variations in rock and mineral composition suggest that the volumetrically predominant basanite-tephrite (foidite)-phonotephrite-phonolite
series can be accounted for by fractional crystallization processes starting from basanitic parental magmas, in agreement
with the remarkably constant 87Sr/86Sr isotopes (0.70586–0.70581). Mass-balance calculations indicate that the variably differentiated magmas may have been produced
by removal of wehrlite, clinopyroxenite and syenite cumulates, some of which are occasionally found as cognate xenoliths in
the volcanics. Fractionation processes probably developed in multiple-zoned magma chambers, at depths of 3–5 km, corresponding
to the tectonic discontinuity between the allochthonous Apennine formations and the underlying Apulian platform. Highly differentiated
phonolitic magmas capping the magma chambers and their conduits thus appear to have fed the initial volcanic activity, whereas
dominantly tephritic products were erupted in later stages.
The least evolved mafic magmas, namely basanites, mela-foidites and melilitites, are characterized by diverse Na/K ratios
and critical SiO2-undersaturation, which indicate their derivation as independent melts generated from distinct, heterogeneously enriched mantle
sources and by variable partial melting degrees.
Primitive mantle-normalized incompatible element patterns of Vulture mafic lavas invariably share analogies with both orogenic
subduction-related magmas (high Low Field Strength Elements/High Field Strength Elements ratios, K, Rb and Th contents and
marked Ti and Nb negative anomalies) and alkaline lavas from within-plate and rift settings (high Light Rare Earth Elements,
P, Zr, Nb and Na). These geochemical features may be accounted for by magma generation from deep lithospheric mantle sources,
enriched in Na-alkali silicate/carbonatite anorogenic components, subsequently affected by orogenic subduction-related K-metasomatism,
analogous to that which modified magma sources of the Roman Magmatic Province along the internal Apennine Chain.
Received April 12, 2000; revised version accepted June 7, 2001 相似文献
11.
长江中下游晚中生代橄榄玄粗岩系列火山岩:年代学格架、地球化学特征及成因讨论 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
长江中下游晚中生代橄榄玄粗岩系列火山岩发育在宁芜、庐枞、溧水和怀宁四个火山岩盆地内,该系列的火山岩地球化学性质上以相对富碱、高K、明显富集Rb、Th、U、K等强不相容元素和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta和Ti为特征。Ba和Sr的特征在不同盆地内随岩性的不同表现各异,表明斜长石的分离结晶可能在这些盆地内岩浆演化过程中起着一定的作用。这些盆地内的橄榄玄粗岩系列火山岩的部分地球化学性质(如Ce/Yb比值)与大多数大陆环境下的橄榄玄粗岩系列岩石不同,而类似于大洋岛弧内的,可能意味着区内由于岩石圈的减薄,软流圈地幔上涌到了相对较浅的部位,控制源区部分熔融的主要是尖晶石相地幔岩。这些火山岩的Sr、Nd同位素组成总体处于扬子克拉通岩石圈地幔附近,指示这些橄榄玄粗质母岩浆主要是由富集的岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成的。但盆地所处的构造位置对岩浆的性质也有显著的影响,指示地壳基底物质的混染也不同程度存在。区内榄玄粗岩系列火山活动持续的时间很短,主要集中在约128134 Ma左右,峰值约130 Ma,其成因的动力学机制可能与晚中生代发生在中国东部的岩石圈减薄事件有关。 相似文献
12.
The initiation timing and mechanism of lithospheric thinning of the North China Craton (NCC) was still controversial. Late Triassic igneous rocks especially mantle derived mafic rocks would provide constrains on Early Mesozoic lithospheric mantle geodynamics and initiation of lithospheric thinning. This paper reports Late Triassic magmatic rocks, including lamprophyre, diorite dykes and biotite monzogranite cropped out in Qingchengzi district of Liaodong peninsula, northeastern NCC. LA–ICPMS zircon U–Pb dating yield ages of 210–227 Ma and 224 Ma for lamprophyres and biotite monzogranite respectively. Lamprophyre is ultrapotassic, strongly enriched in REE and LILEs, depleted in HFSEs, and negative Hf isotopes, which are discriminating signatures of crustal source, but distinguishingly high compatible element contents indicate the primary magma originated from mantle source—a fertile one. Lamprophyre derived from partial melting of an enriched lithospheric mantle, which was modified by slab-derived hydrous fluids/melts associated with deep subduction between the Yangtze Craton and the NCC. The diorite displays distinct features with relatively enriched Nb, Ta, HREE and depleted Th, U, which suggest it derived from a relatively depleted source. The depletion was caused by break-off of the Yangtze slab during deep subduction introducing asthenospheric mantle into the source. The biotite monzogranite shows adakitic affinity, and originated from partial melting of the thickened lower crust with addition of small proportion of mantle material. The recognition of Late Triassic magmatism implies extensional tectonic settings in Liaodong peninsula and suggests initiation of lithospheric thinning of North China Craton in eastern segment might begin early in Late Triassic. 相似文献
13.
《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2007,48(3):247-256
The Middle Cenozoic evolution of magmatism in the Schmidt Peninsula between 37 and 25 Ma began with eruptions of subalkaline and moderately alkaline andesite, latite, trachyandesite, and trachyrhyolite lavas and ended with subvolcanic intrusions of highly alkaline strongly undersaturated essexites. According to trace-element data, magmatism evolved from melting of a mantle source in the zone of ocean-continent plate convergence to small-degree partial melting in lithospheric mantle at the final stage. This succession is generally typical of Late Cenozoic continental-margin magmatism in southeastern Russia. The similarity in the Middle and Late Cenozoic stages of magmatism is evidence for their individual significance. 相似文献
14.
庐枞早白垩世火山岩的地球化学特征及其源区意义 总被引：38，自引：1，他引：37
从中生代到新生代,华北东部岩石圈地幔发生了减薄以及地球化学性质置换, 而扬子地块东部中生代岩石圈地幔也表现出类似的过程,对中生代火山岩的地球化学研究有助于了解这一变化过程以及发生置换时的时空关系。庐枞火山岩出露于扬子地块东部,为一套包括粗玄岩–玄武粗安岩–粗面岩的富碱橄榄安粗岩系。研究了双庙组基性火山岩,这些岩石富集Rb,K,Sr,Th和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素。(87Sr/86Sr)i = 0.7060~0.7063,εNd(t )=-3.9~-6.2,(206Pb/204Pb)i=17.788~18.125,(207Pb/204Pb)i= 15.511~15.546,(208Pb/204Pb)i =37.735~38.184。在喷出地表过程中,火山岩没有受到明显的地壳物质混染,因此元素和同位素组成反映了地幔源区的地球化学特征。
其地幔源区具有同位素富集特征,表明火山岩源区曾受到地壳物质的影响,是富集地幔部分熔融的产物,并经历明显的结晶分异作用。庐枞火山岩的岩浆成分和源区特征反映该地区在晚中生代岩石圈地幔的伸展和软流圈地幔上涌的演化过程。 相似文献
15.
The composition and sources of magmas of Changbaishan Tianchi volcano (China-North Korea) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
O. A. Andreeva V. V. Yarmolyuk I. A. Andreeva J. Q. Ji W. R. Li 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2014,456(1):572-578
The Changbaishan Tianchi volcano is the greatest stratovolcano within the bounds of the Late Cenozoic intraplate volcanic province of East Asia. Changbaishan Tianchi volcanic cone consists mostly of trachytes and pantellerites. It was found that the lavas composing the shield platform of Changbaishan Tianchi volcano are weakly differentiated basic rocks whose geochemical characteristics are generally similar. All the alkaline salic rocks composing the cone of the volcano are characterized by conformable normalized trace element patterns. The concentrations of rare-earth elements in these rocks are high and amount up to 1000 ppm. The character of the distribution of trace elements in the basic rocks of Changbaishan Tianchi volcano is close to that in the OIB-type basalts. Within the series from basalts to pantellerites, the rocks are enriched in REE and zirconium, but depleted in barium, strontium, and europium. According to the obtained geochemical data, it was shown that the rock series of Changbaishan Tianchi volcano, varying from basalts to trachytes and pantellerites comprises compositions geochemically interrelated by the processes of crystal fractionation. The parental magma for the rocks of the volcano was derived from plume sources of the same type as those of OIB and sources of the Late Cenozoic intraplate province of East Asia. 相似文献
16.
Based on geological and isotope geochemical data obtained during the past decade, the eastern Sikhote Alin volcanic belt can be considered as a polygenic structure with spatially superimposed magmatic complexes of different geodynamic stages. Only Late Cretaceous intermediate and silicic volcanics enriched in LILE and depleted in HFSE can be interpreted as typical subduction complexes. Cenozoic lavas of mainly basic composition were formed after the termination of active subduction under complex dynamic conditions of the rearrangement of eastern Eurasia owing to the collision with the Indian plate. The eruption of Eocene-Oligocene-early Miocene basalts corresponded to the transform continental margin environment, rupture of an ancient subducted slab, and upwelling of hot depleted oceanic asthenosphere of the Pacific MORB-type into the Asian subcontinental lithosphere with EMII-like isotopic characteristics. The late Miocene-Pliocene magmatic activity of the eastern Sikhote Alin showed an intraplate character, but the composition of erupted magmas was strongly affected by previous tectonomagmatic events: subduction of different ages and opening of the Sea of Japan Basin. The distinct EMI isotopic signature of low-potassium plateau basalts, which is not observed in the lavas of earlier stages of volcanic belt evolution, suggests that the continental asthenosphere contributed to magma formation, and the direction of mantle flows changed owing to the formation of a new subduction zone. 相似文献
17.
Zheng Jianping Lu Fengxiang O''''Reilly S.Y. Griffin W.L. Zhang Ming 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》1999,10(3):207-214
Basedontheconsiderationswhetherornottherearedif-ferencesincompositionsofthemantlematerial,betweenPale-ozoicandCenozoic,andthedifferencesinrocksamp1esfrommantleliewithinandoutsideoftheTancheng-Lujiang(Tanlu)faultzoneinCenozoic,themineralinclusionsindia-mQndandxenolithsfromMengyinandFuxiankimberliteswerechosenforconstrainingthenatureofPaleozoicSCLM,andthexenolithsfromtheShanwangandQixiabasaltswererepresentativelychosenforconstrainingthenatureofCeno-zoicSCLMinsideandoutsideoftheTanlufault… 相似文献
18.
山西繁峙新生代玄武岩地幔源区及成因探讨:元素及Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素地球化学证据 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
山西省繁峙玄武岩位于华北克拉通重力梯度带附近,是华北克拉通中部新生代玄武岩重要组成部分。前人全岩K-Ar测年结果为26.3~24.3Ma。对繁峙地区苏孟庄和应县两地玄武岩的地球化学特征研究表明,其微量元素和同位素均具有类OIB特征,即富集不相容元素,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显((La/Yb)N=8.42~21.60),不存在Sr、Eu负异常,Sr同位素比值(87Sr/86Sr=0.703848~0.704870)较低,Nd(143Nd/144Nd=0.512617~0.513057)和Hf(176Hf/177Hf=0.282873~0.283001)同位素比值较高,Pb同位素比值分别为206Pb/204Pb=17.2~17.9,207Pb/204Pb=15.3~15.4和208Pb/204Pb=37.5~37.9。结合岩相学特征和主量元素特征,我们推断繁峙新生代玄武岩是软流圈低程度部分熔融结果,并存在岩石圈物质的加入,岩浆上升时在岩石圈地幔条件下的岩浆房内经历了以橄榄石、单斜辉石为主的分离结晶作用,岩浆因快速上升而地壳混染程度甚低。苏孟庄碱性玄武岩具有较深的熔融深度和较低的熔融程度,而应县亚碱性玄武岩熔融深度较浅,熔融程度较高。结合重力梯度带附近其他地区的新生代玄武岩的研究,我们推测重力梯度带附近新生代的火山活动可能起源于西部软流圈地幔向东流动越过重力梯度带时的减压部分熔融,该地区广泛分布的断裂带为岩浆上涌提供了通道。本文为中国东部新生代玄武质火山活动的岩石成因学研究提供了新的视角。 相似文献
19.
E. I. Demonterova A. V. Ivanov S. V. Rasskazov M. E. Markova T. A. Yasnygina Yu. M. Malykh 《Petrology》2007,15(1):90-107
Late Cenozoic lavas from the western wall of the Khubsugul rift trough were erupted within the Tuva-Mongolian Massif with a pre-Vendian basement, and the lavas in the eastern wall of the trough were erupted within Early Caledonian terranes. The composition of the lavas was determined to vary across the strike of the boundary of the Tuva-Mongolian Massif. The western wall of the trough is dominated by hawaiites and contains subordinate volumes of basanites and much lower amounts of olivine tholeiites and basaltic trachyandesites. The eastern wall contains, in addition to hawaiites, widespread olivine tholeiites and basaltic andesites with subordinate amounts of basaltic trachyandesites. The boundary zone contains practically all rock types (except basaltic andesites) in roughly equal proportions. The trace-element simulations of the partial melting processes demonstrates that the basaltic magmas were produced mainly by 0.5–5% partial melting of garnet lherzolite, with the probable mixing with partial melts derived from spinel lherzolite. The main factor controlling the compositional variations of the lavas was likely the variable depths of their derivation due to variations in the lithosphere thickness at the boundary of the Tuva-Mongolian Massif. Based on the assumption that the source of the magmas was relatively homogeneous and on the results of simulations with the use of experimental data on peridotite melting, we concluded that the asthenospheric sources of the basaltic magmas occurred at depths of 75 ± 10 km (24.6 ± 3.2 kbar) beneath the Tuva-Mongolian Massif and at 60 ± 12 km (20.1 ± 3.8 kbar) beneath the Early Caledonian terranes. 相似文献
20.
本文综合运用不同时代幔源包体平衡温压对比、玄武岩地球化学性质对岩石圈厚度的反演以及不同时代岩石圈地幔地球化学性质的对比的方法，把华北地块东部岩石圈的减薄时间限定在晚中生代至新生代之间。减薄的机制可能是华北东部地区晚白垩世以来大陆岩石圈的拉张作用。由于机械性拉薄和热、机械和化学侵蚀作用，岩石圈厚度最终减薄到70km以下。但古老的岩石圈地幔并没有完全因减薄而消失，残留部分受到了来自软流圈物质的强烈改造，使其Sr、Nd同位素组成类似于软流圈，但Os同位素没有受到明显的改变。改造后的岩石圈地幔成为华北地块东部新生代岩石圈地幔的主体。在时空上，岩石圈的减薄具有不均一的性质。 相似文献