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1.
朱连兴 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1992,(2)
中国东部发现的震旦系、寒武系含金刚石砾岩,分别划属震旦系黑山宫组,寒武系五山组和金山寨组.它们都形成于不整合侵蚀面的洼陷处.含金刚石砾岩呈层状,透镜状.金刚石来源于太古界、元古界分布区的金伯利岩。砾岩形成与基底准平原化有关,在浪蚀、海流作用下形成于滨海地带。 相似文献
2.
1981～82年间,我系师生在陕西境内秦岭下泥盆统底部西岔河组(原韩城沟组)砾岩中,发现了一个新的含金层位.西岔河组由砾岩、砂砾岩、含砾砂岩及含砾泥灰岩组成.发现的含金层位为一层砂砾岩,厚约5米,呈大透镜体状.沿东西走向已追索800米,向两端变薄并相变为砾岩.在砾岩分布区也淘出过片状自然金,估计砾岩中也会有含金层位. 砂砾岩的含矿地段有明显的硅化、黄铁矿化、铁白云石化和轻微的绢云母化.不规则状、片状和细粒状自然金,粒径0.05毫米左右;用捡块、刻槽及人工重砂法取样分析,金均达到工业品位. 含矿地段发育有石英细脉,但含金不高,只能作为一种矿化标志. 相似文献
3.
1983年初605机、604机先后到沭阳磷矿区进行普查施工,施工中一直是用优质粘土(山东高阳粘土)、聚丙烯酰胺处理剂配制的优质泥浆护孔。由于该矿区地层较特殊,第四系(粘土、砂质亚粘土、砂砾层)下边有一层第三系红层:紫红色粉砂岩、中粗砂岩、含砾中粗砂岩及砂砾岩等。该层比较厚,一般在100—450m 之间、岩性吸水性强,泥质含量高,钻进过程中造浆能力特 相似文献
4.
玛湖凹陷西斜坡区三叠系百口泉组岩性油藏生、储、盖、运等成藏条件配置优越,有效的侧向及上倾方向圈闭封挡条件为制约油气成藏的关键。在明确泥质含量为影响本区砂砾岩储层储集性能关键因素基础上,以泥质含量为主分类参数,将砂砾岩储层划分为贫泥砂砾岩(泥质含量<5%)、含泥砂砾岩(泥质含量5%~8%)和富泥砂砾岩(泥质含量>8%)三种岩相。早侏罗世的早期油气充注期,上述三种岩相储层均可作为有效储层;早白垩世的主要油气充注期,富泥砂砾岩相储层的储集性能明显变差,成为研究区主要的致密封挡带,而贫泥砂砾岩和含泥砂砾岩仍可作用作为有效储层,且前者的储集性能优于后者。扇三角洲前缘亚相(牵引流)沉积主要对应于贫泥砂砾岩岩相,在油气充注期为有效储层,构成玛湖凹陷西斜坡区百口泉组大面积岩性油藏的主体储集层;扇三角洲平原亚相(牵引流)、砂质碎屑流(重力流)沉积主要对应于富泥砂砾岩岩相,在油气充注期储集性能均较差,主要构成研究区大面积岩性油藏的底部及侧向的致密封挡带,上述两致密封挡带与扇三角洲前缘亚相(牵引流)有效储层配置,共同形成玛湖凹陷西斜坡区百口泉组大型岩性油藏。 相似文献
5.
2005年度,在《青藏高原油气资源战略选区调查及评价》项目的陆相第三系盆地野外地质调查过程中,在尼玛县城关(折章)东约90～100km、老尼玛区(现名为措罗镇)南约10～12km处,发现了许多含有沥青脉的坡积、洪积砂砾岩转石。经进一步追索还证实,该区北侧出露有与伦坡拉盆地牛堡组下段地层相当的灰色、灰绿色、黄灰色泥页岩夹薄板状含灰质泥岩和泥灰岩夹层的地层。在这套地层的灰色泥岩节理面上发育有许多沥青薄膜。尼玛地区第三系地层的发育证实了该区依然发育有新生界的沉积盆地,油气显示在该区的发现则证实了该区发育有含油气盆地。从而突破了在青藏高原上陆相第三系盆地中寻找油气资源被局限在伦坡拉盆地中东部概念的束缚,扩大了第三系盆地中寻找油气资源的领域和前景。 相似文献
6.
2005年度,在《青藏高原油气资源战略选区调查及评价》项目的陆相第三系盆地野外地质调查过程中,在尼玛县城关(折章)东约90～100km、老尼玛区(现名为措罗镇)南约10～12km处,发现了许多含有沥青脉的坡积、洪积砂砾岩转石.经进一步追索还证实,该区北侧出露有与伦坡拉盆地牛堡组下段地层相当的灰色、灰绿色、黄灰色泥页岩夹薄板状含灰质泥岩和泥灰岩夹层的地层.在这套地层的灰色泥岩节理面上发育有许多沥青薄膜.尼玛地区第三系地层的发育证实了该区依然发育有新生界的沉积盆地,油气显示在该区的发现则证实了该区发育有含油气盆地.从而突破了在青藏高原上陆相第三系盆地中寻找油气资源被局限在伦坡拉盆地中东部概念的束缚,扩大了第三系盆地中寻找油气资源的领域和前景. 相似文献
7.
2005年度,在《青藏高原油气资源战略选区调查及评价》项目的陆相第三系盆地野外地质调查过程中,在尼玛县城关(折章)东约90～100km、老尼玛区(现名为措罗镇)南约10～12km处,发现了许多含有沥青脉的坡积、洪积砂砾岩转石.经进一步追索还证实,该区北侧出露有与伦坡拉盆地牛堡组下段地层相当的灰色、灰绿色、黄灰色泥页岩夹薄板状含灰质泥岩和泥灰岩夹层的地层.在这套地层的灰色泥岩节理面上发育有许多沥青薄膜.尼玛地区第三系地层的发育证实了该区依然发育有新生界的沉积盆地,油气显示在该区的发现则证实了该区发育有含油气盆地.从而突破了在青藏高原上陆相第三系盆地中寻找油气资源被局限在伦坡拉盆地中东部概念的束缚,扩大了第三系盆地中寻找油气资源的领域和前景. 相似文献
8.
玛湖凹陷西斜坡百口泉组砂砾岩储层储集空间类型及演化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
玛湖凹陷西斜坡百口泉组储集岩以砂质细砾岩、中细砾岩、细砾岩以及含砾粗砂岩为主,储集空间类型多样、成因复杂,关于砂砾岩储层特征认识不清。通过薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、孔渗、流体包裹体等分析资料,对砂砾岩储层储集空间类型、主控因素以及演化特征开展了系统研究。结果表明:研究区百口泉组砂砾岩储层储集空间类型以粒内溶孔为主,次为剩余粒间孔以及粒间溶孔;沉积作用、成岩作用、异常高压以及早期油气充注是影响储层发育的主控因素,异常高压减缓了压实作用的进程,使部分原生孔隙得以保存,早期油气充注为溶蚀作用的发生提供了物质条件,加大了次生孔隙空间,改善了砂砾岩储层储集物性。 相似文献
9.
<正> 河南镇平白湾剖面位于镇平县城西北约18km赵湾水库东岸(图1)。剖面下部为灰 绿、紫红、杏黄色砂砾岩、泥质岩和泥质灰岩; 上部为紫红色砂砾岩。60年代前人根据岩性 对比将这套地层与邻区中新生代地层一起笼 统划为下第三系或上白垩统一下第三系。河 相似文献
10.
东昆仑塔妥煤矿羊曲组呈断片分布,为东昆仑造山带东段昆中蛇绿混杂岩带中的最年轻的一个构造岩片,前人认为其时代为早侏罗世[1～2].据本次塔妥煤矿羊曲组实测剖面研究,可将羊曲组自下而上划分为3个岩性段:(1)砂砾岩段(ＴＪｙ1),为灰白色、黄褐色、黄灰色、灰紫色中—厚层状复成分砾岩、石英砾岩、含砾石英质杂砂岩,夹深灰色、黄灰色中厚层状粉砂岩、泥质粉砂岩,发育交错层理、平行层理,为河流相产物.(2)含煤砂泥岩段(ＴＪｙ2),为深灰色、褐灰色薄—中厚层状泥质粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩、钙质泥岩与灰黑色炭质泥岩互层,夹数层煤线及可采煤4层,发… 相似文献
11.
Diamond-bearing old sediments have so far been found at 24 localities distributed in 8 provinces or autonomous regions in China. They occur in 14 strata pertaining respectively to Tertiary, Cretaceous, Jurassic, Devonian, Cambrian, Precambrian, etc. Genetically, they might be grouped into four types: alluvial (fluvial), littoral, drift and karst sediments. The diamonds seem to have been derived from different sources: l) Diamonds in the Mesozoic-Cenozoic Sediments might have come directly from kimberlite nearby; 2) Diamonds formed during Precambrian period are widely distributed in sediments of various ages, i.e., from old strata to present rive bed deposits. As regards material resources, this type of diamonds can be traced to old primary deposits or might be attributed to repeated accumulation of this mineral from old to new strata. Isotope dating of kimberlite from various parts of the world indicate that a single intrusive or region is likely to have several groups of ages, suggesting the repetition and. long duration of magmatic activities of kimberlite. ln China, isotopic age values might likewise fall into nine groups: 70-135 m.y., 230-56 370 m.y., 400-530 m.y., 700 or 800-l000 m.y., 1010-1400 m.y., 1500 m.y., 1800- 2000 m.y. and >2000 m.y., denoting the existence of primary kimberlite deposits of various ages which provided material for diamond-bearing sediments in diverse strata. The emplacement of kimberlite in China, which took place mostly between Ordovician and Sinian, is called "apparent emplacement"; the emplacement reconstructed through an integrated study of the magmatic activity of kimberlite and the strata it intruded is called "actual emplacement"; and a unity linking these two emplacements by means of isotopic ages is termed "holoemplacement". These three emplacements are corrsepondent in time to "time of apparent emplacement:", "time of actual emplacement" and "time of holoemplacement" respectively to imply the long duration and repetition of the magmaitc activity of kimberlite. The diamond-bearing sediments are mostly scattered in strata of Mesozoic- Cenozoic Eras and Cambrian-Sinian Periods, in accord with "actual emplacement" and "apparent emplacement ,suggesting that diamonds came from kimberlite of two major periods. 相似文献
12.
博茨瓦纳是世界上金刚石资源最为丰富的国家之一。奥拉帕金刚石矿床是该国最大的金刚石矿,矿床的金伯利岩为Ⅰ型,其中的包体可以分为2种:橄榄岩型和榴辉岩型;金刚石可以分为3类:橄榄岩型、榴辉岩型及两者的过渡类型-二辉岩型。其中,橄榄岩型和部分榴辉岩型金刚石来自于地幔结晶堆晶体,而榴辉岩型则与板块俯冲的构造-热事件有关。金伯利岩的形成时代主要为白垩纪,而金刚石则主要形成于元古宙和太古宙,金伯利岩和金刚石为不同时期的产物,金刚石为金伯利岩侵位期间捕获的上地幔物理破碎产物。其中年龄为900~1000Ma的金刚石为板块构造-热事件的产物,并对早期金刚石进行了改造破坏。 相似文献
13.
J.B. Dawson 《Earth》1971
Over the past fifteen years the original data on the kimberlites of South Africa have been supplemented with a wealth of information on the kimberlites of the U.S.S.R., the U.S.A., and various parts of Africa. From their distribution pattern, it can now be shown that kimberlites are virtually confined to the old Precambrian cratons and that the diamond-bearing kimberlites exist on the older cratonic nuclei that have not been deformed for the past 2,500 m years. The kimberlite dykes infill major, deep-seated fractures that cross the cratons on a geometrical pattern. The kimberlite that infilled these fractures was a hot fluid that penetrated to within 2–3 km of the surface before there was explosive breakthrough to the surface with subsequent formation and infilling of the high-level diatremes by a gas-solid fluidisation process. The kimberlites can vary widely texturally, from the fragmental variety found in the diatremes, to massive varieties found within the hypabyssal dykes or skills. 相似文献
14.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(9):1172-1180
Three-dimensional neutron and X-ray tomography reveals the textural and spatial relationship of diamonds and associated minerals in situ, in a unique suite of 17 diamondiferous eclogites. We emphasize the reporting of X-ray imaging on mantle xenoliths, which in combination with neutron imaging enables the clear identification of diamonds and interstitial metasomatic secondary minerals. In particular, neutrons are highly sensitive to hydrogen (H), allowing for the identification of OH- and H2O-bearing metasomatic minerals. The identification of metasomatic minerals allows for the delineation of distinct metasomatic pathways through the eclogite xenoliths. Diamonds are readily identified as the darkest greyscales due to their low attenuation, and are typically surrounded by secondary minerals, never in contact with primary minerals, and always confined within metasomatic pathways. The ubiquitous occurrence of diamonds in association with pathways suggests a potential genetic link. Both octahedral and dodecahedral diamonds are observed within individual xenoliths, suggesting multiple heterogeneous growth and dissolution processes at small scales. The distinct age dichotomy between eclogite xenoliths and metasomatic mineral assemblages implies that the observed textural relationship of diamonds and late-stage metasomatic pathways for this suite of 17 eclogites casts doubt on the theory that eclogitic diamonds formed billions of years ago. Diamonds are interpreted to have formed from multiple growth episodes, with the last of these episodes represented by the metasomatic assemblages observed in this study. This further indicates that eclogitic diamond inclusions may span large time scales from ancient ages (>2 Ga) all the way to the last growth event, perhaps even close to the time of kimberlite emplacement (~360 Ma), which has significant implications for age-dating of diamonds and the study of diamonds as a whole. 相似文献
15.
John-Paul Zonneveld Bruce A. Kjarsgaard Shawn E. Harvey Larry M. Heaman David H. McNeil Kirsten Y. Marcia 《Lithos》2004,76(1-4):115-138
Diamond-bearing kimberlites in the Fort à la Corne region, east–central Saskatchewan, consist primarily of extra-crater pyroclastic deposits which are interstratified with Lower Cretaceous (Albian and Cenomanian) marine, marginal marine and continental sediments. Approximately 70 individual kimberlite occurrences have been documented. The Star Kimberlite, occurring at the southeastern end of the main Fort à la Corne trend, has been identified as being of economic interest, and is characterized by an excellent drill core database. Integration of multi-disciplinary data-sets has helped to refine and resolve models for emplacement of the Star Kimberlite. Detailed core logging has provided the foundation for sedimentological and volcanological studies and for construction of a regionally consistent stratigraphic and architectural framework for the kimberlite complex. Micropaleontologic and biostratigraphic analysis of selected sedimentary rocks, and U–Pb perovskite geochronology on kimberlite samples have been integrated to define periods of kimberlite emplacement. Radiometric age determination and micropaleontologic evidence support the hypothesis that multiple kimberlite eruptive phases occurred at Star. The oldest kimberlite in the Star body erupted during deposition of the predominantly continental strata of the lower Mannville Group (Cantuar Formation). Kimberlites within the Cantuar Formation include terrestrial airfall deposits as well as fluvially transported kimberlitic sandstone and conglomerate. Successive eruptive events occurred contemporaneous with deposition of the marginal marine upper Mannville Group (Pense Formation). Kimberlites within the Pense Formation consist primarily of terrestrial airfall deposits. Fine- to medium-grained cross-stratified kimberlitic (olivine-dominated) sandstone in this interval reflects reworking of airfall deposits during a regional marine transgression. The location of the source feeder vents of the Cantuar and Pense kimberlite deposits has not been identified. The youngest and volumetrically most significant eruptive events associated with the Star Kimberlite occur within the predominantly marine Lower Colorado Group (Joli Fou and Viking Formations). Kimberlite beds, which occur at several horizons within these units, consist of subaerial and marine fall deposits, the latter commonly exhibiting evidence of wave-reworking. Black shale-encased resedimented kimberlite beds, likely deposited as subaqueous debris flows and turbidites, are particularly common in the Lower Colorado Group. During its multi-eruptive history, the Star Kimberlite body is interpreted to have evolved from a feeder vent and overlying positive-relief tephra ring, into a tephra cone. Initial early Joli Fou volcanism resulted in formation of a feeder vent (200 m diameter) and tephra ring. Subsequent eruptions, dominated by subaerial deposits, partly infilled the crater and constructed a tephra cone. A late Joli Fou eruption formed a small (70 m diameter) feeder pipe slightly offset to the NW of the early Joli Fou feeder vent. Deposits from this event further infilled the crater, and were deposited on top of early Joli Fou kimberlite (proximal to the vent) and sediments of the Joli Fou Formation (distal to the vent). The shape of the tephra cone was modified during multiple marine transgression and regression cycles coeval with deposition of the Lower Colorado Group, resulting in wave-reworked kimberlite sand along the fringes of the cone and kimberlitic event deposits (tempestites, turbidites, debris flows) in more distal settings. 相似文献
16.
T. F. Morris D. Crabtree R. P. Sage S. A. Averill 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1998,63(3):217-235
In response to the discovery of diamonds within modern alluvium in the glaciated area of Wawa, Ontario, Canada, the Ontario Geological Survey undertook a regional program of surficial mapping and modern alluvial sediment sampling to assess the potential of the area for diamond-bearing kimberlite. Five varieties of kimberlite-derived indicator minerals were recovered and the composition of three varieties was evaluated, resulting in the identification of G10 Cr-pyrope garnet, inclusion field chromite and Mg-ilmenite. The distribution of indicator minerals was examined in the context of the glacial and bedrock geology. Glacial dispersal from non-kimberlitic marker units is restricted (commonly less than 200 m) and many kimberlite indicator minerals were recovered from samples collected close to cross-cutting NE–SW and NW–SE faults and a strong NE–SW trend in the bedrock associated with the Kapuskasing Structural Zone. From this, several potential exploration targets for diamond-bearing kimberlite are defined. 相似文献
17.
《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2014,55(2):144-152
A Middle Paleozoic tectonothermal event in the eastern Siberian craton was especially active in the area of the Vilyui rift, where it produced a system of rift basins filled with Devonian–Early Carboniferous volcanics and sediments, as well as long swarms of mafic dikes on the rift shoulders. Basalts occur mostly among Middle Devonian sediments and are much less spread in Early Carboniferous formations. The dolerite dikes of the Vilyui–Markha swarm in the northwestern rift border coexist with the Mirnyi and Nakyn fields of diamond-bearing kimberlites. The voluminous dikes and sills intruded before the emplacement of kimberlites. The Mir kimberlite crosscuts a dolerite sill and a dike in the Mirnyi field, while a complex dolerite dike (monzonite porphyry) cuts through the Nyurba kimberlite in the Nakyn field. Thus, the kimberlites correspond to a longer span of Middle Paleozoic basaltic magmatism. The basalts in Middle Paleozoic sediments have faunal age constraints, but the age of dolerite dikes remains uncertain. The monzonite porphyry dike in the Nyurba kimberlite has been dated by the 40Ar/39Ar method, and the obtained age must be the upper bound of the dike emplacement. The space and time relations between basaltic and kimberlitic magmatism were controlled by Devonian plume–lithosphere interaction. 相似文献
18.
Alkaline rocks were intruded into the Precambrian basement in southern West Greenland during at least five separate episodes. The Tupertalik carbonatite intrusion was emplaced around or before 2650 m.y.; it is now metamorphosed in granulite facies but is recognisable by its trace element content. Lamprophyre dykes were intruded at ca. 1800 m.y. and again at ca. 1200 m.y. At ca. 600 m.y. the Sarfartôq carbonatite intrusion and extensive kimberlite dykes were emplaced in the Holsteiborg-Strømfjord region. At 225-115 m.y. the Qaqarssuk carbonatite complex was emplaced in the Sukkertoppen region, and numerous lamprophyre and kimberlite dykes were emplaced between Fishenasset and Ivigtut. All these episodes are correlatable with contemporaneous alkaline activity in Canada and Scandinavia and substantiate the periodicity of carbonatite emplacement. The Mesozoic suite of intrusions is related to rifting prior to continental break-up and the formation of the North Atlantic Ocean. The Eocambrian suite of 600 m.y. is thought to have formed under similar conditions during continental break-up and the formation of the Iapetus ocean. 相似文献
19.
R. Fleischer 《Mineralium Deposita》1998,33(3):238-254
Although several hundred kimberlites have been discovered in the past 20 years in Brazil, the Brazilian diamond production
has been derived almost entirely from sedimentary deposits: diamond-bearing conglomerates of different ages and recent alluvials
or terraces. Conglomerates as a source of diamond production may not be very significant in economic terms but are extremely
important in geological terms because they are the main, known sources of the recent alluvial deposits of Brazil. In this
sense, Brazil shows a sharp contrast with other large-scale producing countries, such as South Africa, Botswana, Russia and
Australia, where the production comes largely from kimberlites. It has similarities with Angola and India. In the former,
the Calonda conglomerates and, in the latter, the Banganapalli conglomerates are as important as sources as are the kimberlites,
either because diamonds are recovered from them directly or because they feed the alluvials. But Brazil differs from these
countries regarding the age of the oldest diamond finds. While in Angola they are restricted to the Cretaceous and in India
to the Upper Proterozoic, in Brazil they spread from the Lower/Middle Proterozoic to the Cretaceous. Brazil is thus a very
privileged area to study diamond sedimentary deposits, not only because they are numerous and have economic importance, but
also and mainly because they occur in sedimentary sequences of at least four different ages. The recognition of common geological
features in diamond sedimentary sequences of different ages led to the conclusion that their recurrence through time reflect
fundamental processes which can be put together in a rift evolutionary model. In this study seven different diamondiferous
districts in Brazil are briefly described and their rift-related features are emphasised. These features include the position
in the sedimentary pile both of the diamond-bearing conglomerates and the volcanic events, as well as the proximal character
in relation to growth-faults and the horizontal linear distribution of the conglomerates. The proposed model, stems from a
sedimentary reasoning. It links primary diamond sources and related volcanism to rifts, and substantiates the idea that kimberlite/lamproite
extrusions predate tectonic paroxysm such that, after erosion, diamonds from those extrusions end up in proximal rift-infill
sediments. Here the timing of the extrusion of the primary diamond source rocks is similar to the one determined by White
et al. who produced structural evidence to establish their model.
Received: 13 January 1997 / Accepted: 22 July 1997 相似文献
20.
G. K. Khachatryan O. V. Palazhchenko V. K. Garanin P. V. Ivannikov E. M. Verichev 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2008,63(2):86-94
The internal structures of 78 diamond crystals from the Karpinsky-1 pipe in the Arkhangelsk Province and the distributions of structural impurities in them were examined by the methods of cathode luminescence and IR spectroscopy. Three generations of diamonds were found in the pipe. Diamonds of the first and second generations presumably originated in an ultramafic and eclogite mantle medium. Diamonds of the third generation, which are very common in the pipe, show a fibrous internal structure and anomalously high concentrations of nitrogen and hydrogen; they originated under disequilibrium conditions. The third-generation diamonds differ by the set of their typomorphic features from diamonds of kimberlite origin and show some similarity with diamonds from metamorphic rocks. We hypothesize that the third-generation diamonds from Katpinsky-1 pipe could originate in a proto-kimberlitic melt. 相似文献