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1.
《地球物理学进展》2017,(5)
在大斜度井和水平井中,不同电阻率测井系列测量的结果并非完全一致,测量结果的差异性分析对于正确认识和评价地层非常重要.依据双侧向测井和随钻电磁波测井原理,采用三维有限元素法模拟双侧向在水平井中的测井响应特征,采用积分方程法模拟随钻电磁波电阻率在水平井中的测井响应特征,通过对比分析值模拟结果,造成大斜度井和水平井随钻电阻率与双侧向电阻率测井响应差异的主要因素有:井斜、各向异性、地层界面以及泥浆侵入.随钻电阻率一般受泥浆侵入影响小,但是它在水平井中容易产生极化现象,有助于地层界面识别,同时受各向异性影响明显;而双侧向电阻率在水平地层中对地层界面不敏感,且受各向异性影响相对较弱,但会受泥浆侵入影响严重;正确认识这些差异,可以有效指导水平井的合理解释. 相似文献
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《应用地球物理》2017,(3)
大斜度井/水平井中,随钻电磁波电阻率测井与双侧向测井由于测量原理不同,引起的测井响应特征有着较大差别。首先依据积分方程法模拟了随钻电磁波电阻率测井在大斜度井/水平井中的测井响应特征,采用三维有限元素法模拟了双侧向测井在大斜度井/水平井中的测井响应特征,然后对比分析了二者在水平地层中的测井响应差异和产生的原因。结果表明,水平井中随钻电磁波电阻率测井和双侧向测井响应差异的主要影响因素有:不同井斜角、地层各向异性、地层界面以及泥浆侵入等。随着相对井斜角的增大,随钻电磁波电阻率测井在地层界面处的测井响应异常大,而双侧向测井在地层界面附近受围岩影响逐渐变得平滑;随着相对井斜角的增加,各向异性的影响逐渐增大,但各向异性对双侧向测井的影响程度要小于对随钻电磁波电阻率的影响。这些差异如不能正确认识将导致水平井解释过程中出现偏差。最后根据实际资料,分析如何这些差异进行水平井测井解释。 相似文献
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点源三维地电场的求解是一大型数值计算问题．本文用有限差分方法求解,最后形成一个线性方程组Ax＝b,这里A是大型稀疏的带状对称矩阵．解大型稀疏方程组的完全Cholesky分解直接算法,一般要求巨大的机器内存来存储系数矩阵A,而且计算速度极慢．因此引入不完全Cholesky共轭梯度（ICCG）算法及按行索引的稀疏存储模式,充分利用A的稀疏性,使得计算速度大大提高,而内存要求则大大减少,因此ICCG算法是地电三维正演的强有力工具． 相似文献
4.
针对由多环状天线槽构成的方位随钻电磁波测井仪器真实结构,基于柱坐标系下耦合势Helmholtz方程和三维有限体积法研究建立一套相应的三维电磁响应数值模拟算法.首先,采用柱坐标系下三维不规则Yee氏交错网格对计算区域进行剖分,保证了钻铤表面附近的剖分网格与非光滑刻槽钻铤表面同形;并利用电场延拓边界条件逼近钻铤表面的理想电导体边界条件,保证非光滑刻槽钻铤表面耦合势方程离散精度.在此基础上,应用标准均质化技术确定非均质网格的等效电导率和磁导率,并借助三维有限体积法对柱坐标系中耦合势方程以及环状天线槽内的发射天线进行离散,得到一个大型非对称稀疏代数方程,通过PARDISO直接求解器求解离散方程.最后,通过与柱状均匀地层中模式匹配算法所得的数值结果的对比验证该三维算法的有效性,并进一步通过数值结果研究考察金属钻铤和天线槽对方位随钻电磁响应的影响,以及层状TI地层模型中该仪器的响应特征. 相似文献
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由于激发极化效应的影响,时间域航空电磁晚期道信号经常会出现变号现象.基于电阻率的传统反演方法无法对变号数据进行正确反演,因此通常在数据处理中予以剔除.为深入了解极化介质的电磁扩散特征,认识航空瞬变电磁负响应的产生机理,本文研究时间域航空电磁系统的电磁扩散特征.我们以均匀极化、非极化半空间及层状介质模型为例,通过直接积分的方法求解频率域电场响应,并由欧姆定律得到电流响应,再经过汉克尔变换得到时间域电流响应.通过研究电流随时间在地下极化介质中的传播特征研究电磁扩散过程;通过对比不同激电参数对电磁扩散的影响,研究极化介质中感应电流与极化电流的扩散规律,从而合理地解释极化介质中负响应的产生机理.基于本文研究和分析结果,可加深对时间域航空电磁法中激电效应的认识. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2017,(1)
随钻电磁波电阻率测井是目前国内实时评价地层含油性和地质导向的主要方法,其在地层界面附近的响应特征是判定实际地层产状、实施地质导向的根本依据.因此研究地层产状因素对随钻电磁波测井响应的影响特征和规律,对判定地层界面、调整地层模型有重要的意义.本文以哈利伯顿EWR—PHASE4单发双收仪器为例,利用ANSYS软件采用矢量有限元方法对不同地层条件下的响应特征进行了三维数值模拟.数值模拟过程中通过控制网格大小,在保证计算精度的前提下减小计算规模、提高计算速度.最终得出了目的层厚度、倾角以及与围岩电阻率比值等因素对随钻电磁波测井响应的影响特征和规律,指出了犄角信号出现的条件,为随钻测井过程中实时正确判识地层产状提供了理论依据. 相似文献
7.
地电体对频率域电磁波激发源的响应为电磁感应和激电效应的综合响应.传统CSAMT法进行数据正反演时认为大地介质电阻率是与频率无关的实数,而实际上因为激电效应,地下可极化体的电阻率是一个与频率相关的复数.为推进二者总体响应研究,并扩展激电法的应用范围,同时提高电磁法勘探的精度,本文基于Dias模型,以复电阻率代替不考虑地电体极化效应的直流电阻率,对CSAMT场源一维层状模型进行了正演模拟,为提取CSAMT信号中所含激电信息提供理论基础.结果表明,考虑激电参数后,视电阻率及相位响应曲线出现明显异常（包括远场、过渡场、近场）;极化前后振幅比值异常峰值、相位差值异常峰值可直观体现激电异常;异常峰值与极化层层厚、埋深以及电阻率变化有连续的对应关系.认为从频率域电磁法信号中提取激电信息有乐观的前景. 相似文献
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10.
《地球物理学进展》2016,(6)
频率域航空电磁响应计算中,如何计算积分方程是频率域航空电磁法正演计算的难点,本文把电磁响应计算公式分解成汉克尔变换式和普通积分或者超几何函数的两项之和,然后分析核函数中反射系数的衰减规律,通过对比线性滤波算法和直接数值积分法的积分效果,选择了120点线性滤波算法计算汉克尔变换,采用高密度方法在确保计算精度的条件下显著提高了频率域航空电磁响应计算效率.针对强磁性区域频率域航空电磁法反演问题,在传统相位矢量图只包含电阻率和飞行高度两个参数的基础上,添加了磁导率的计算,绘制了包含磁导率、电阻率、飞机飞行高度三个参数的三维相位矢量图,计算结果表明,三维相位矢量图插值可以用于简单的一维模型,反演速度快、效率高,有助于提高磁性区域地下目标体的探测准确率,对于强磁性区域航空电磁法视电阻率填图是一种行之有效的勘探方法. 相似文献
11.
There exist different response characteristics in the resistivity measurements of dual laterolog (DLL) and logging while drilling (LWD) electromagnetic wave propagation logging in highly deviated and horizontal wells due to the difference in their measuring principles. In this study, we first use the integral equation method simulated the response characteristics of LWD resistivity and use the three dimensional finite element method (3D-FEM) simulated the response characteristics of DLL resistivity in horizontal wells, and then analyzed the response differences between the DLL and LWD resistivity. The comparative analysis indicated that the response differences may be caused by different factors such as differences in the angle of instrument inclination, anisotropy, formation interface, and mud intrusion. In the interface, the curves of the LWD resistivity become sharp with increases in the deviation while those of the DLL resistivity gradually become smooth. Both curves are affected by the anisotropy although the effect on DLL resistivity is lower than the LWD resistivity. These differences aid in providing a reasonable explanation in the horizontal well. However, this can also simultaneously lead to false results. At the end of the study, we explain the effects of the differences in the interpretation of the horizontal well based on the results and actual data analysis. 相似文献
12.
《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2000,43(1):91-100
In well log interpretation, it is frequently necessary to correct logs for invasion. Invasion occurs in permeable formations when there is a radial differential pressure (RDP) between the borehole and formation. Other factors on which invasion depend include saturation, mobility, pressure (RDP) and capillary pressure, permeability and viscosity of fluids, and temperature transient effects associated with the mud filtrate injected into the formation. Thus, simulation of realistic invasion is not an easy task. This work reviews the famous Buckley–Leverett mathematical model in cylindrical coordinates appropriate for borehole geometries. The model predicts multiphase invasion in porous media when gravity, capillary pressure, and mud cake can be neglected. One application is to correct logging while drilling (LWD) and wireline resistivity logs for time-dependent invasion and formation temperature effects. This is important, for example, when there are possible large differences in formation and mud temperature. Modeling studies show these effects can be large enough to noticeably influence resistivity logs. However, after correction, difference in LWD and wireline logs arising from the time-dependent heat process are explained. Thus, the method, when coupled to a time-dependent heat flow model, and a response function formulation of resistivity, yields new insight into the influence of thermal and electrical transients in log interpretation. 相似文献
13.
The Laboratory of Geophysics of the University of Arizona was presented with an exploration problem by Falconbridge, Ltd. of Canada. Massive mineralized hemispherical “pods” are in the vicinity of a tuff layer of high conductivity and induced polarization response, covered by large thicknesses of resistive volcanics. The initial approach was to utilize electrolytic tank modeling. The extreme resistivity and IP contrasts proved to be difficult to recreate. Two dimensional modeling was attempted next with conductive paper, using copper and silver paint for anomalous masses. This method also proved inadequate. Finally, mathematical equations were solved which could model any arbitrary anomalous body in any steady state electrical field. Plane waves as well as point current sources producing non-plane waves are possible. Finite difference equations were derived for the non-linear partial differential equations under consideration. The equations were solved using a digital computer. Initially, the boundary conditions had to be satisfied at the boundaries of resistivity changes, severely restricting possible geometric shapes for anomalous bodies. The final and successful solution was to apply numerical techniques to obtain solutions of equations which require only that the relative resistivities through the area be specified. The Falconbridge problem and its solution are analyzed. 相似文献
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在三维频率域电磁法的正演模拟方法中,有限元方法具有计算精度高、适应性强的优点,近年来来得到了越来越多的关注.在正演过程中,主要的计算量集中在求解由偏微分方程组离散得到的线性方程组上,因此求解线性方程组关系着正演计算速度以及模拟精度.由于由有限元方法离散得到的复系数线性方程组条件数非常大,使用常规的迭代法和预条件很难收敛.目前大多数的研究工作采用直接解法,需要大量的计算机内存,限制了可求解问题的规模.本文研究了线性方程组的迭代解法,通过将复系数线性方程组转化为其实对称形式,构造分块对角预条件.在应用预条件的过程中,需要求解两个较小的实数方程,通过辅助空间解法求解.本文的算法适用于可控源电磁法和大地电磁法,对一系列的数值算例的模拟结果证明了迭代算法的效率,结果表明迭代算法可以在小于20次迭代内收敛,同时迭代次数与模型电阻率、问题规模和频率无关. 相似文献
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Frequency-domain airborne electromagnetics is a proven geophysical exploration method. Presently, the interpretation is mainly based on resistivity—depth imaging and one-dimensional layered inversion; nevertheless, it is difficult to obtain satisfactory results for two- or three-dimensional complex earth structures using 1D methods. 3D forward modeling and inversion can be used but are hampered by computational limitations because of the large number of data. Thus, we developed a 2.5D frequency-domain airborne electromagnetic forward modeling and inversion algorithm. To eliminate the source singularities in the numerical simulations, we split the fields into primary and secondary fields. The primary fields are calculated using homogeneous or layered models with analytical solutions, and the secondary (scattered) fields are solved by the finite-element method. The linear system of equations is solved by using the large-scale sparse matrix parallel direct solver, which greatly improves the computational efficiency. The inversion algorithm was based on damping least-squares and singular value decomposition and combined the pseudo forward modeling and reciprocity principle to compute the Jacobian matrix. Synthetic and field data were used to test the effectiveness of the proposed method. 相似文献
16.
Some numerical results for the apparent resistivity of a homogeneous half space containing a vertical steel well casing as measured by a dipole-dipole array are presented. The basic model includes the electromagnetic and induced polarization effects by allowing for frequency dependent eddy currents and an electrochemical boundary of the well casing. It is shown that the well casing produces an apparent complex resistivity response that could be mistaken for an induced polarization anomaly existing above a hydrocarbon deposit. This response of the well casing is strongly dependent on frequency. 相似文献
17.
本文实现了2.5维电导率正交各向异性海洋可控源电磁等参有限元数值模拟.利用傅里叶变换导出了电导率正交各向异性2.5维海洋可控源电磁法波数域电磁场耦合方程,采用伽里金加权余量法推导了相应的有限元方程;采用任意四边形单元对研究区域进行剖分,在单元中进行双二次插值,将有限元方程化为线性代数方程组;最后,求解线性方程组并进行反傅里叶变换获得空间域电磁场值.这个方法可以模拟海底起伏地形条件下地下任意形状电导率正交各向异性的复杂模型.与一维模型的数值模拟结果对比表明,电磁场数值解与解析解吻合.二维模型的计算结果与二维自适应非结构有限元模拟结果也吻合.水平海底二维地电模型考察了不同各向异性系数对海洋可控源电磁响应的影响特征.海底起伏地形地电模型的数值结果表明,电导率各向异性对海洋可控源电磁响应影响明显,有可能淹没海底地形和高阻油气藏引起的异常. 相似文献
18.
随钻电磁波传播方位电阻率仪器在钻井过程中可以提供地层边界的方位及距离信息,因此在地质导向应用中发挥着重要作用,是提高油气资源开采率的重要手段.该技术是国外近十年来发展起来的前沿技术,在国内尚属空白.本文首次构思并实现了一种应用"交联天线"的随钻电磁波传播方位电阻率仪器,并从天线结构,测量原理,数据处理以及地层电阻率成像及解释等几个方面详细阐述.交联天线由极化方向正交的线圈串绕组成,同时具有方位探测和地层背景电阻率测量的功能.通过分析交联天线的电压在仪器旋转过程中的变化规律,可以计算出仪器所在地层的电阻率,判断地层边界的方位以及估算地层边界相距仪器的距离.该随钻电磁波传播方位电阻率仪器还包括用于常规电磁波传播电阻率测试的多频多测距补偿天线结构.结合地层电阻率测量及其在方位上的相对变化,可以实现对地层电阻率的全方位成像.该仪器在国内油田进行了多次实井测试,测试结果证明仪器能够在水平井地质导向中准确提供仪器所在地层的电阻率,以及地层边界方位和距离信息.已有实井测试结果表明仪器在油层(100Ωm)和泥岩(5Ωm)中的地层边界探测深度分别为2.2m和1.6m,平均误差在0.2m以内. 相似文献
19.
Baker Hughes INTEQ的MPR是应用较广的传播电阻率测井仪器,它有4条相位差和4条幅度比测井曲线,本文以它在垂直井中的测井响应为例开展电磁传播电阻率资料的二维反演方法研究.由于其测井响应对地层纵向边界的探测灵敏度比对其他地层参数的大得多,在其资料反演中必须重视地层纵向边界位置的提取和反演精度.本文首先应用特征识别方法由分辨率最好的测井曲线提取地层纵向边界,接着对浅、深探测的两条相位差曲线分别做纵向一维反演,利用此结果来建立二维反演的初始地层模型,采用改进的阻尼型正则化高斯 牛顿优化算法,实现了MPR资料的二维全参数反演.对含23个纵向分层的两种典型地层模型的数值模拟测井资料的二维反演得到了令人满意的结果,它可显著提高MPR的资料解释水平.发现只用它的5条测井曲线就可得到与8条测井曲线几乎相同的反演效果. 相似文献
20.
复电阻率法二维有限元数值模拟 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
伴随着复电阻率法的广泛应用，发展精确和快速的正演和反演算法成为复电阻率法研究的重点.本文采用基于三角单元剖分的有限单元法进行了复电阻率二维数值模拟研究.为了提高计算速度，对无穷远边界进行了近似处理.整个正演计算过程分为两步，首先采用有限单元法计算四个不同频率的视复电阻率数据，然后对前一步得到的视复电阻率数据采用递推算法计算视Cole-Cole参数.采用这种正演算法与一维正演的结果进行了对比，验证了本文方法的正确性.设计了两个二维极化模型，数值模拟结果表明视复电阻率和Cole-Cole视参数等值线断面图对于异常目标体都有比较明显的反映. 相似文献