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1.
在中国西南地区边坡工程中大量存在含软岩的土石混合体（S-RM）,其力学特性与软岩破碎特性有别于以往研究的块石强度较高的土石混合体。本文通过大型室内剪切仪开展了不同含石量（WBP）的剪切试验研究含石量对软岩土石混合体力学特性的影响,基于筛分试验研究软岩块石破碎特性,结果表明:当S-RM密度一定时,随着WBP的增加,S-RM剪切强度增加,应变硬化现象增强;S-RM黏聚力随含石量的增加呈线性增长,内摩擦角在含石量为20%~60%时随含石量的增加呈线性增长;S-RM在剪切破坏过程中软岩块石出现破碎现象,当法向应力一定时,块石破碎率随土石混合体含石量增加而增长;S-RM块石破碎率随内摩擦角增加呈指数形式增长,表明块石之间咬合作用越大,块石的破碎程度越高。 相似文献
2.
采用基于PFC2D接触黏结模型的离散元数值模型,探讨含石量变化对土石混合体剪切特性的影响。利用室内大型直剪试验对表征土石混合体细观力学性质的模型参数进行标定,模拟分析了4种不同含石量土石混合体在4种不同围压作用下的剪切特性。试验结果表明:相同法向应力作用下,含石量越高,峰值剪应力越大,达到峰值剪应力时的剪应变越大,软化后强度越高,剪胀特性越强,剪切"跳跃"现象越明显。土石混合体摩擦角随含石量增高而增大;黏聚力随含石量增高而减小,含石量超过50%后基本不变。相同含石量的土石混合体,法向应力越高,峰值剪应力越大,应变软化特性越强。土石混合体剪切过程中以克服摩擦能和应变能为主,动能变化几乎为零。 相似文献
3.
基质胶结对土石混合体强度变形特性影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用应变控制式静力三轴剪切仪,对具有不同胶结程度和含石量的土石混合体试样进行了固结不排水剪切试验;通过对制备的土石混合体试样的应力-应变关系、孔隙水压力变化、有效应力路径和抗剪强度指标等试验结果的对比分析,探讨了不同胶结程度土石混合体试样的差别及产生原因.试验结果表明:不同胶结程度土石混合体破坏方式可分为剪切带破坏和鼓肚变形破坏两种基本类型;胶结使得土石混合体应力应变关系和孔隙水压力变化与未胶结土石混合体差异明显,胶结作用对土石混合体的剪胀和软化特性影响显著.在块石软硬程度、形状及试样密实度相近的条件下,不论是否胶结或胶结程度如何,土石混合体有效内摩擦角φ'与无量纲粒度分布特征参数D50WBP/D60具有较好的线性相关性.试验结论为确定不同胶结程度土石混合体强度提供了参考. 相似文献
4.
Wei Shao Bora Cetin Yadong Li Jingpei Li Lin Li 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2014,32(4):901-910
The addition of cementitious admixtures and/or inclusion of fibers are frequently used in practice to stabilize soils and to improve their mechanical properties. In this study, ring shear tests were conducted to investigate mechanical properties such as shear strength, angle of friction and cohesion values of randomly distributed discrete fiber-reinforced sand mixtures. The length and aspect ratio of the fibers used in the current study were 12 mm and 120, respectively. Specimens were prepared at four different fiber ratios (0.1, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 % by weight of sand). A series of ring shear tests were carried out on sand alone and fiber-reinforced sand mixtures at different normal stresses. The test results indicated that the addition of fiber had a significant effect on the shear strength of the sand. Shear stress of the unreinforced sand increases 1.29–2.32, 1.16–1.39, and 1.07–1.5 times at a normal stress of 50, 150, and 250 kPa, respectively with fiber inclusion. Fiber content had positive effects on improving the shear strength parameters (angle of internal friction and cohesion) of the mixtures. The cohesion and angle of internal friction of fiber-reinforced sand prepared at different ratios of fiber increased by 5.3–27.4 kPa and 2.0°–7.3° respectively. The inclusion of fibers improves the ductility of the soil by preventing the loss of post-peak strength. 相似文献
5.
土石混合体是一种土-石混杂、分布广泛、性质特殊的地质体,也是众多山区滑坡的重要载体.复杂的土-石结构组成是此类介质物理力学特性复杂、难以把控的关键.本文通过多尺度宏-微观室内和现场物理力学试验与模拟,对土石混合体的强度特性、变形特性和渗透特性及其结构控制机理展开了深入研究,系统阐明了含石量、块石形状、基质组分、土-石级配等关键结构因子的制约规律,进一步揭示了土石混合体强度和变形特征随机性的土石结构控制规律,提出了不同结构状态下强度参数的正确获取方法;研究了不同含石量土石混合体的非线性渗透特性,获得了非线性渗流计算模型及其抗渗变形优化设计方法,为全面建立基于真实土石结构和非线性本构关系的新一代土石混合体滑坡预测预警体系提供一定的理论支撑. 相似文献
6.
A series of benched excavations were typically carried out on the bedrock slope surface to improve the stability of the soil–rock mixture (S–RM) fill slope. It is difficult to devise an in situ, large-scale direct shear test for the interphase between the S–RM fill and the benched bedrock slope surface. This study introduced a comprehensive approach to investigate the shear deformation and strength of the interphase. First the soil–rock distribution characteristics were analyzed by test pitting, image analysis, and sieve test. Then the PFC2D random structure models with different rock block size distributions were built, and large-scale numerical shear tests for the interphase were performed after calibrating model parameters through laboratory tests. The stress evolution, damage evolution and failure, deformation localization (based on a principle proposed in this paper), rotation of rock blocks, and shear strength were systematically investigated. It was found that as the rock block proportion and rock block size (rock block proportion of 50 %) increase, the fluctuations of the post-peak shear stress–displacement curves of the interphase become more obvious, and the shear band/localized failure path network becomes wider. Generally, smaller rock blocks are of greater rotation angles in the shear band. The peak shear stress and internal friction angle of the interphase increase, while the cohesion decreases with growth of the rock block proportion. However, all these three parameters increase as the rock block size (rock block proportion of 50 %) increases. 相似文献
7.
基质吸力对非饱和土抗剪强度的影响 总被引：22，自引：1，他引：22
在自然界和工程实践中遇到的土大多数是非饱和土,研究吸力对非饱和土抗剪强度的作用,对于工程实践具有重要的意义。通过压力板仪和直剪仪组合试验,探讨了击实土抗剪强度和基质吸力的关系。试验结果表明：凝聚力在饱和度为40%-60%时最大,而内摩擦角则随饱和度增加而有所减少。进一步对比土-水特征曲线与抗剪强度的关系,并整合前人研究成果,指出了非饱和土中吸力对其抗剪强度影响的规律。对于无黏性土,在边界效应区不产生假凝聚力,且内摩擦角不变;在过渡区与非饱和残余区,假凝聚力和基质吸力的关系存在峰值且变化较大,内摩擦角则随吸力增加而增加。对于黏性土,残余体积含水率所对应的最小吸力可能是影响抗剪强度的界限值,小于此吸力值,φb可近似为常数。但在非饱和残余区,凝聚力将随土状态路径的不同而变化。对于重塑土,凝聚力降低;而对于原状土,则凝聚力可能不变或增加。 相似文献
8.
Effect of Temperature on the Strength Parameters at the Plastic Domain for Unconsolidated Sandstones
C. B. Morales-Monsalve I. F. Lara-Restrepo E. F. Araujo-Guerrero G. A. Alzate-Espinosa A. Arbelaez-Londoño A. Naranjo-Agudelo 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(6):3537-3549
Heavy and extra heavy oil reservoirs are subjected to high temperatures during thermal recovery processes like SAGD and CSS. In-situ temperature state changes throughout these operations may generate variations in the mechanical properties or strength parameters of the rock such as Young and Bulk’s modulus, internal friction angle, cohesion and dilation angle. This paper presents results about the variation of the elastic modulus and mechanical properties, in both elastic and plastic region due to changes in temperature and effective confining stress for reconstituted samples of Colombian unconsolidated sands. In order to study these changes, several drained triaxial tests are performed in a range of temperature between 50 and 230 °C and a range of effective confining stress between 0.4 and 8.2 MPa, these tests are carried out on reconstituted samples of oil sands recovered in an outcrop in the Magdalena middle valley of Colombia. The experimental results are analyzed with an analytical model based on the constitutive model of Mohr–Coulomb. The analysis is divided in two ways: First, the elastic region is analyzed calculating the variation of the elastic modulus (Young and bulk’s modulus) and the mechanical parameters (cohesion and internal friction angle) with temperature and effective confining stress, these calculus are done in the linear zone of the stress–strain curve. Then, the plastic region is analyzed using Mohr–Coulomb constitutive model with a non-associative flow rule in order to represent in a better way the dilatant/contractive behavior of the material, from this analysis is possible to obtain the behavior of the mechanical properties during plastic strains. The stress–strain curves obtained from the triaxial compression tests show that for the highest and medium effective confining stress (8.2 and 4.0 MPa), there is a hardening strain behavior after the yielding point that implies a loose sand behavior under confining conditions. Meanwhile, for lowest effective confining stress (0.4 MPa) the samples show a softening strain, a typical behavior for dense sands under confining conditions. 相似文献
9.
用改造的直剪仪研究了滑带土再生强度与滑动面剩余剪应力比PRSS和强度再生时间的关系。结果表明,滑带土强度再生与上覆滑体压应力关系不大,但较高的剩余剪应力比PRSS妨碍滑带土强度再生,滑带土强度有效再生的界限PRSS在55%到70%之间。剩余剪应力比PRSS小于等于55%时,90 d时滑带土再生强度可达到慢剪强度的70%以上,PRSS大于等于70%时,90 d时滑带土再生强度不足慢剪强度的25%。滑带土强度再生过程中,黏聚力和内摩擦角增速不一致,PRSS小于等于55%时,黏聚力C在前30 d增速较快,30 d时增至慢剪强度[C]的44.6%,此后增速均明显放缓,90 d时其值为慢剪强度[C]的49%。内摩擦角φ在前90 d增速基本一致,90 d时其值占慢剪强度[φ]的90.4%。黏聚力和内摩擦角90 d以后均趋于稳定。 相似文献
10.
固化淤泥重塑土力学性质及其强度来源 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
对不同水泥掺加量的固化淤泥及其重塑土进行了无侧限抗压强度试验和直接剪切试验,并对固化土和重塑土的应力-应变关系曲线、无侧限抗压强度、黏聚力和内摩擦角进行了比较分析。结果表明：随着水泥量和龄期的增加,固化淤泥的脆性增强,塑性减弱;重塑土的应力-应变关系受水泥量和龄期的影响不大,随着应变的增加,应力增长缓慢,塑性变形非常大。固化土的无侧限抗压强度、黏聚力均随着水泥量和龄期的增加而增大,而内摩擦角则有减小的趋势。重塑土相对于原状土无侧限抗压强度和黏聚力都有较大程度的折减,并且水泥量和龄期越大,折减越多;内摩擦角随着水泥量和龄期的增加有小幅度提高。重塑土强度主要来源于破碎固化土团间的摩擦和咬合作用,因此,在固化淤泥重塑土的实际工程应用中,初始固化土的处理强度不应太高。 相似文献
11.
Soil-rock mixtures (S-RM) are widely distributed in mountainous regions, and there are different genetic types and scales of S-RM slopes. The stability of these slopes is very important for slope safety during the construction and operation of engineering projects. Since the mechanical properties of an S-RM are mainly dominated by its random component, accurately investigating the structure of an S-RM slope is the fundamental basis for evaluating the mechanism of a landslide. In this paper, in situ direct shear tests are used to obtain the “soil” strength parameters of the S-RM, the microtremor survey method (MSM) is introduced to detect the S-RM slope and the numerical method of FEM is utilised to simulate the failure characteristics and stability of the S-RM slope. Based on the MSM, the strata structure and proportions of solitary rock blocks in the S-RM slope are investigated, and three possible models of the S-RM slope are established. By using the strength reduction method in numerical simulations, the potential failure surface and stability of a slope of homogeneous soil and that with solitary rock blocks are discussed. The study results show that the MSM is an effective method to estimate the proportion of rock blocks in the S-RM slope. The presence of solitary rock blocks makes the slope potential slide surface complicated. The factor of safety of the S-RM slope is higher than that of the homogeneous soil slope, the rock blocks at the toe of the slope are favourable for slope stability and the rock blocks near the surface of the slope squeeze the lower soil and improve the safety factor of the slope. 相似文献
12.
13.
以攀枝花钢铁集团西昌钒钛资源综合利用项目建设中典型的昔格达组中风化粉砂岩为对象,进行了重塑土与混凝土压密,原状土与混凝土浇筑两种不同方式形成接触关系的环剪试验。对两种工况接触面下,剪切应力-剪切位移、竖向应变-剪切位移和抗剪强度特性分析表明:接触面剪切变形引起法向变形,随着法向应力的增加剪切引起的法向变形增大,在法向应力在400kPa时,最大法向应变高达6.8%; 接触面采用浇筑形式形成时,接触面上的土体由于水泥浆的渗入形成强度较高的一个薄层土带,此时接触面破坏发生在土体内部; 当接触面采用压密形成时,摩擦角与土体的内摩擦角接近,而接触面的黏聚力近似可以忽略。 相似文献
14.
压缩作用下岩石内部细观裂纹扩展导致岩石产生损伤,其对岩石变形、强度等力学特性有着重要影响;然而,岩石内部裂纹扩展与剪切特性（黏聚力、内摩擦角及剪切应力）动态演化关系很少被研究。基于裂纹扩展机制推出的岩石应力-应变本构模型,并结合摩尔-库仑失效准则,推出了在岩石应力-应变关系峰值应力（对应岩石压缩强度）状态时,本构模型细观力学参数与岩石黏聚力、内摩擦角及剪切强度之间的状态关系。然后,引入岩石应力-应变本构关系塑性变形阶段服从摩尔-库仑屈服准则的力学流动规律,进而将已推出的应力-应变关系峰值状态点所满足的细观力学参数与黏聚力、内摩擦角关系,推广到岩石进入塑性变形后,岩石内部裂纹扩展（或应变）与黏聚力、内摩擦角及剪切应力动态演化的理论关系。随着裂纹扩展或应变增加,黏聚力、内摩擦角及剪切应力先增大,达到一个峰值点后减小,该结果与应力-应变本构曲线变化趋势相对应。通过试验结果验证了所提出理论结果的合理性。并讨论了初始裂纹之间摩擦系数对黏聚力、内摩擦角及剪切应力随裂纹扩展或应变演化规律的影响。 相似文献
15.
土石混合体-基岩界面的抗剪强度是控制坡体稳定性的重要参数之一,是工程设计的重要参数。为探究块石尺寸对土石混合体-基岩界面剪切力学特性的影响,开展了含不同块石尺寸的土石混合体-基岩界面室内大型剪切试验。结果表明：接触界面的破坏模式受块石尺寸和法向压力的影响不显著,均表现为应变硬化特征;法向压力会削弱块石尺寸效应的影响;随块石尺寸增加,抗剪强度和抗剪强度指标（φ、c）先增加后减少,既存在着正尺寸效应,又存在着负尺寸效应,尺寸效应对内摩擦角φ的影响有限,整体在29°波动,而对表观黏聚力c影响较大;不同块石尺寸试样在不同法向压力作用下均表现出了明显的剪缩行为,法向压力能够增强土石混合体的剪缩特性;土石混合体-基岩界面为薄弱的潜在滑移面,随着块石尺寸系数的增加,薄弱破坏面有向土石混合体内部转化的趋势。 相似文献
16.
The effects of rate of strain on strength and deformation characteristics of soil–lime were investigated. Five strain rates (0.1, 0.8, 2.0, 4.0 and 7.0 %/min), five lime contents (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 %) by dry soil weight and three cell pressures (100, 200 and 340 kN/m2) were carried. Triaxial tests, under unconsolidated condition, were used to study the effect of strain rate on strength and initial modulus of elasticity of soil and soil–lime mixture after two curing periods 7 and 21 days, respectively. A total of 405 triaxial specimens have been tested, where 225 specimens have been tested with first curing period (7 days). The testing program includes nine specimens for each strain rate, and each lime content was carried out, including natural soil with zero lime content. Another set of triaxial tests with a total of 180 specimens for the second curing period (21 days) was prepared at optimum moisture content, and the corresponding maximum dry density was also tested. The effects of strain rate and curing period on each of stress–strain behavior, type of failure, deviator stress at failure, cohesion and angle of internal friction and initial modulus of elasticity were studied thoroughly for the natural soil as well as soil–lime mixtures. For natural soil, the test results showed that the undrained shear strength, the initial modulus of elasticity and the cohesion increase significantly as the strain rate increase, while for soil–lime mixture at different curing periods, the undrained shear strength, initial modulus of elasticity and the cohesion increases to a maximum and then decreases as the strain rate and lime content increase. Also, the same variables and angle of internal friction increase with increasing curing period. 相似文献
17.
Fissures in natural rocks play an important role in determining the strength, deformability and failure behavior of rock mass. However in the past, triaxial compression experiments have rarely been conducted for rock materials containing three-dimensional (3-D) fissures and the failure mechanical behavior of fissured rocks is not well known due to the difficulty of conducting triaxial experiments on fissured rocks. Therefore in this research, conventional triaxial compression experiments were performed to study the strength, deformability and failure behavior of granite specimens with one preexisting open fissure. Thirty-one specimens were prepared to perform conventional triaxial compression tests for intact and fissured granite. First, based on the experimental results, the effects of the confining pressure and the fissure angle on the elastic modulus and the peak axial strain of granite specimens are analyzed. Second, the influence of the confining pressure on the crack damage threshold and the peak strength of granite with respect to various fissure angles are evaluated. For the same fissure angle, the crack damage threshold and the peak strength of granite both increase with the confining pressure, which is in good agreement with the linear Mohr–Coulomb criterion. With increasing fissure angle, the cohesion of granite first increases and later decreases, but the internal friction angle is not obviously dependent on the fissure angle. Third, nine crack types are identified to analyze the failure characteristics of granite specimens containing a single fissure under conventional triaxial compression. Finally, a series of X-ray microcomputed tomography (CT) observations were conducted to analyze the internal damage mechanism of granite specimens with respect to various fissure angles. Reconstructed 3-D CT images indicate obvious effects of confining pressure and fissure angle on the crack system of granite specimens. The study helps to elucidate the fundamental nature of rock failure under conventional triaxial compression. 相似文献
18.
冻融循环对砼护坡界面抗剪强度影响试验研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以混凝土铰接块+土工布+黏土护坡结构室内模型为研究对象, 分别讨论不同含水量及冻融循环次数下接触面间抗剪强度指标的变化规律. 分别测定常温下护坡结构含水量在15.7%~28%之间的黏聚力(C)和内摩擦角(φ)值, 含水量为18%以及饱和状态下经过10次冻融循环的C值和φ值, 采用多元回归法进行分析. 结果表明: 含水量对护坡结构的抗剪强度指标弱化十分明显, 斜面摩擦试验中黏聚力和内摩擦角均随含水量增加而降低; 含水量与内摩擦角呈线性相关关系, 与黏聚力呈乘幂关系. 冻融循环过程水分迁移导致砼护坡界面水分增大, 界面抗剪强度指标弱化. 随冻融循环次数的增加砼铰接块护坡界面的抗剪强度减小, 对于非饱和黏性土, 在5次冻融循环时减小幅度较大, 但10次冻融循环时减小幅度较小并基本趋于稳定; 而对于饱和黏性土, 其抗剪强度指标随冻融循环次数的增加减小幅度并不明显. 相似文献
19.
为更加全面地掌握土石混填体的变形、力学特性,采用大型三轴剪切仪分别在常规路径、等应力比路径和等p路径下对不同含石量的土石混填体进行了一系列试验研究。试验结果表明,在低围压下土石混填体的应变软化特征并不明显,其黏聚力普遍较低,而内摩擦角则较高,随试样的含石量从25%增加到70%,其内摩擦角和变形模量亦会随之增加。土石混填体在常规路径和等p路径下的应力-应变关系曲线比较相似,其所求得的抗剪强度指标亦比较接近;而等应力比路径下的应力-应变关系曲线的形态和发展过程均与之存在明显差别。土石混填体在常规路径下具有低压剪胀和高压剪缩的特性,含石量越高,低压剪胀性越明显,反之,则高压剪缩性更为显著;等应力比路径下试样的体积应变与轴向应变之间近似呈线性关系,其斜率随应力比增加而减小;等p路径下试样则是以剪胀性为主,尤其在平均主应力较低时更为显著。 相似文献
20.
The loess of north-central China: Geotechnical properties and their relation to slope stability 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
T.A. Dijkstra C.D.F. Rogers I.J. Smalley E. Derbyshire Yong Jin Li Xing Min Meng 《Engineering Geology》1994,36(3-4):153-171
Loess is an aeolian deposit consisting of predominantly silt-sized quartz particles, and containing variable amounts of clay-sized minerals. Loess is generally classified as a water-softening material, because upon wetting the loess fabric rapidly weakens or collapses. The strain hardening of Malan loess and the brittle failure of Lishi and Wucheng loess are in strong contrast to the failure behaviour of these loess deposits in a remoulded state. From tests carried out on samples with varying moisture contents, using a modified Bromhead ring shear apparatus, it was found that the effective apparent cohesion gradually increases and the effective internal friction angle decreases with an increase in moisture content. When the moisture content reaches a material-specific threshold, the effective cohesion decreases rapidly and the effective internal friction angle stabilises at a residual value.
The frequent failure of loess slopes in the western part of the Chinese Loess Plateau is closely related to progressive weathering along zones in these slopes, which causes a dramatic decrease in strength from the peak strength condition. Progressive weathering is common in the loess slopes in the western part of the Chinese Loess Plateau. During the process shear strength reduction along potential slip surfaces may be achieved by leaching of readily soluble salts, destruction of cementation bonds, and redistribution of particles. Localized collapse of the loess fabric causes internal deformation and consequently peak strength conditions are concentrated on a progressively smaller area of the failure plane. Therefore, the mode of failure of loess slopes is generally determined by brittle failure of the undisturbed, and unweathered, central parts of the slopes. It is important that both the weathered and unweathered strength of the loessmaterials in this area be established in order to analyze the stability of existing loessslopes, many of which are steepand lie directly above domestic and industrial urban areas. 相似文献