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1.
A late Holocene diatom stratigraphy of Bottom Pond (37°05′S, 12°17′W) was studied and interpreted to infer paleolimnological
and climate changes on Tristan da Cunha, South Atlantic. The diatom flora of Bottom Pond is dominated by meroplanktonic Aulacoseira alpigena and A. distans and a benthic/epiphytic flora including Achnanthes spp., Naviculadicta spp., Eunotia taxa and Frustulia rhomboides. The flora also includes an important terrestrial and aerophytic component, consisting of several Diadesmis spp., Navicula lapidosa, Nitzschia terrestris and some Pinnularia spp., at times dominating the flora. Peaks of high terrestrial diatom abundances and low abundances and concentrations of
Aulacoseira spp., correspond to periods of increased magnetic susceptibility and are interpreted to be the result of increased catchment
erosion and/or precipitation leading to enhanced in-wash of species living in the soils around the lake. The diatom record
of Bottom Pond most likely registers both local responses to increased erosion in the catchment as well as climatic change
of a more regional character. Comparisons with the geochemical record in 2nd Pond on Nightingale Island show a correspondence
between the two data sets at 2,000–1,750 cal yrs BP, most likely evidence of increased precipitation in the Tristan da Cunha
region. The Tristan da Cunha archipelago is situated at the northern limit of the Southern hemisphere west wind belt and stronger
and/or a northward shift of the westerlies, are probably the main causes of the precipitation changes. 相似文献
2.
Kathleen R. Laird Melanie V. Kingsbury Brian F. Cumming 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2010,44(4):1009-1024
We analyzed surface-sediment samples collected along transects from three sub-basins of a relatively large (~115 ha), bathymetrically
complex lake, in northwest Ontario, Canada, to assess the reproducibility of diatom species habitats and diversity along a
water-depth gradient. Transects displayed different orientations with respect to prevailing wind direction and varied in complexity
and degree of slope along the lake bottom. Each transect consisted of three replicate samples at a resolution of ~1 m water
depth from ~1 to 30 m for the two deep-basin transects and from ~1 to 18 m in the shallower basin. Distinct diatom assemblages
were identified in all transects: (1) a near-shore community composed largely of attached life-forms and some motile benthic
taxa, (2) a mid-depth community composed largely of motile life-forms and other benthic taxa that are adapted to lower light
conditions (e.g. Staurosirella pinnata), and (3) a deep-water community dominated by planktonic taxa. Species richness was highest in the benthic zones (<9 m),
with greatest species evenness in the mid-depth zone (~3–9 m). Species richness and evenness were highly correlated across
the three transects (r = 0.89–0.93, p < 0.01). Diatom-inferred depth models were developed from the individual transects to assess reproducibility and applicability
for down-core analyses using modern analog (MAT) and weighted-averaging (WA-PLS) approaches. Coefficients of determination
(r
2) for these models ranged from 0.80 to 0.98, and RMSEP ranged from 1.2 to 4.2 m. The models developed from the transect with
the highest resolution sampling, gentlest non-complex slope and shallowest maximum depth were the strongest (
r\textMAT2 = 0.97 r_{\text{MAT}}^{2} = 0.97 ;
r\textWA - PLS2 = 0.98 r_{\text{WA - PLS}}^{2} = 0.98 ) and had the lowest RMSEP (MAT = 1.2 m, WA-PLS = 1.3 m). These inference models can be used to infer past fluctuations in
the depth of the benthic/planktonic boundary from cores retrieved near this ecotone and provide a sensitive record of the
past change in location of the benthic zone. These types of data can be used to assess past variability in droughts and lake
levels to better plan for potential future extremes. Such records incorporate more realistic estimates of natural variability
than the ~100-year instrumental records currently used by water resource managers. 相似文献
3.
Jennifer L. Barrow Adam Jeziorski Kathleen M. Rühland Kristopher R. Hadley John P. Smol 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2014,52(1-2):61-75
In recent decades, softwater lakes across Canada have experienced a wide array of anthropogenic influences, with acidification and climate warming of particular concern. Here, we compare modern and pre-industrial sedimentary diatom assemblages from 36 softwater lakes located on the Canadian Shield in south-central Ontario to determine whether lake acidification or reduced calcium availability was the main stressor responsible for recent declines in Ca-sensitive cladoceran taxa. Regional surveys of south-central Ontario water chemistry have identified the pH recovery of many formerly acidified lakes, and our fossil diatom-inferred pH analyses indicate that modern lakewater pH in the 36 study lakes is similar to (or higher than) pre-industrial levels, with diatom assemblages from both time periods dominated by taxa with similar pH preferences. In addition, modern diatom assemblages compared to pre-industrial assemblages contained higher relative abundances of planktonic diatom taxa (e.g. Asterionella formosa and the Discostella stelligera complex) and lower relative abundances of heavily silicified diatoms (e.g. Aulacoseira taxa) and benthic fragilarioid taxa. These taxonomic shifts are consistent with warming-induced changes in lake properties including a longer ice-free period, decreased wind speed and/or increased thermal stability. We conclude that recent changes observed within the cladoceran assemblages of these lakes are not a response to acidification, but are likely a consequence of Ca declines. In addition, our data suggest that regional climate warming is now responsible for the diatom changes observed in this region. 相似文献
4.
Changes in the diatom assemblages preserved in a sediment core taken from a small lake located north of arctic treeline on the western Taimyr Peninsula, Russia, were examined in order to investigate late Holocene (i.e., ca 5000 cal yr BP to present) climatic and environmental changes within the region. Early diatom assemblages were dominated by benthic Fragilaria taxa and indicate a transitional phase in the lake history, most likely reflecting lake development and environmental change associated with treeline retreat to the south of the study site. Concurrent with pollen and macrofossil evidence of a vegetation shift to shrub tundra in the catchment basin at ca 4200 cal yr BP, an increase in cold-water taxa, followed by little change in diatom assemblages until ca 2800 cal yr BP, suggests that conditions were relatively cool and stable at this time. The last 2000 years of the Middendorf Lake record have been marked by fluctuating limnological conditions, characterized by striking successional shifts between Fragilaria pinnata and Aulacoseira distans var. humilis. Recent conditions in Middendorf Lake indicate an increase in diatom taxa previously rare in the record, possibly associated with twentieth-century climatic warming. The Middendorf Lake record indicates that significant limnological change may occur in the absence of catchment vegetation shifts, suggesting late-Holocene decoupling of aquatic and terrestrial responses to climatic and hydrological change. Our study results represent one of the few paleoecological records currently available from northern Russia, and highlight the need for further development of calibration data sets from this region. 相似文献
5.
Diatom-based total phosphorus (TP) and pH transfer functions for the Irish Ecoregion 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Guangjie Chen Catherine Dalton Manel Leira David Taylor 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,40(1):143-163
A 72-lake diatom training set was developed for the Irish Ecoregion to examine the response of surface sediment diatom assemblages
to measured environmental variables. A variety of multivariate data analyses was used to investigate environmental and biological
data structure and their inter-relationships. Of the variables used in determining a typology for lakes in the Irish Ecoregion,
alkalinity was the only one found to have a significant effect on diatom assemblages. A total of 602 diatom taxa were identified,
with 233 recorded at three or more sites with abundances ≥1%. Generally diatom data displayed a high degree of heterogeneity
at the species level and non-linear ecological responses. Both pH and total phosphorus (TP) (in the ranges of 5.1–8.5 and
4.0–142.3 μg l−1 respectively) were shown to be the most significant variables in determining the surface sediment diatom assemblages. The
calibration models for pH and TP were developed using the weighted averaging (WA) method; data manipulation showed strong
influences on model performances. The optima WA models based on 70 lakes produced a jack-knifed coefficient of determination
(r
2
jack) of 0.89 with a root mean squared error (RMSEP) of 0.32 for pH and r
2
jack of 0.74 and RMSEP of 0.21 (log10 μg l−1) for TP. Both models showed strong performances in comparison with existing models for Ireland and elsewhere. Application
of the pH and TP transfer functions developed here will enable the generation of quantitative water quality data from the
expanding number of palaeolimnological records available for the Irish Ecoregion, and thus facilitate the use of palaeolimnological
approaches in the reconstruction of past lake water quality, ecological assessment and restoration. 相似文献
6.
Mark B. Edlund Daniel R. Engstrom Laura D. Triplett Brenda Moraska Lafrancois Peter R. Leavitt 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2009,41(4):641-657
Evaluation of land-use effects on coastal and marine ecosystems requires better understanding of the role of rivers in regulating
mass transport from terrestrial to oceanic environments. Here we take advantage of the presence of a riverine lake to use
paleoecological techniques to quantify impacts of logging, European-style agriculture, urbanization and continued terrestrial
disturbance on mass transport and water quality in the northern drainage of the Mississippi River. Two 2-m sediment-cores
recovered in 1999 from Lake St. Croix, a natural impoundment of the St. Croix River, were dated using 210Pb and 137Cs, and analyzed for historical changes (c. 1840–present) in sediment magnetic susceptibility, inorganic and organic matter
content, biogenic silica, fossil pigments, and diatom microfossils. Inorganic sediment accumulation increased threefold between
the mid-1800s and present, whereas clear signs of eutrophication were only evident after the mid-twentieth century when biogenic
silica accumulation increased sixfold, diatom accumulation rates increased 20- to 50- fold, and the diatom community shifted
from predominantly benthic species to assemblages composed mainly of planktonic taxa. Similarly, fossil pigment concentrations
increased during the 1960s, and diatom-inferred total phosphorus (DI-TP) increased from ~30 μg TP l−1 c. 1910 to ~60 μg l−1 since 1990, similar to historical records since 1980. Together, these patterns demonstrate that initial land clearance did
not result in substantive declines in water quality or nutrient mass transport, instead, substantial degradation of downstream
environments was restricted to the latter half of the twentieth century.
This is one of eight papers dedicated to the “Recent Environmental History of the Upper Mississippi River” published in this
special issue of the Journal of Paleolimnology. D. R. Engstrom served as guest editor of the special issue. 相似文献
7.
The Ramsar-listed Coorong lagoon lies at the terminus of the Murray-Darling River system in South Australia. Diatom and foraminifera
relationships with water quality were characterised in order to develop diatom- and foraminifera-based models with the potential
to infer water column salinity. Seventy-four samples were collected during 2007, a year of continuing drought in the catchment,
and of no discharges at the Murray Mouth. The sample sites had a salinity gradient of 1.8–190 g l−1 total dissolved solids. The diatom data set comprised 215 taxa, while there were only eight taxa in the foraminiferal data
set. Canonical correspondence analysis of diatom species-environment relationships showed that salinity explained the largest
proportion of diatom variance. Hence, a diatom-based salinity transfer function with reasonable predictive power (measured
vs. diatom-inferred salinity r
jack2 = 0.82; Root Mean Squared Error of Prediction = 16 g l−1) was developed. Application of the transfer function to fossil diatom assemblages from The Coorong suggested that pre-European
salinity values were generally >50 g l−1 and that salinity declined following settlement. These results, however, contradict the recent history of The Coorong where
there have been substantial lagoon-wide salinity increases. The pre-impact diatom flora has no analogue in the modern data
set, highlighting the degree of departure from past conditions. CCA of the foraminiferal data set identified salinity and
total nitrogen as the variables with the greatest explanatory power. However, accurate predictive models could not be developed
using either variable due to low foraminiferal abundance and species richness. These factors may have been a consequence of
diminished foraminiferal recruitment rates over successive years, an artefact of reduced marine water input to The Coorong.
Future attempts to generate predictive models from this region would benefit from the inclusion of data from distant locations,
since suitable analogue sites do not exist in close proximity. The study has generated useful insights to the apparently broad
salinity tolerances for several cosmopolitan diatom and foraminifera species, and has identified a number of diatom and foraminifera
taxa that may prove useful in the qualitative interpretation of down-core trends in The Coorong and the lower Murray River
region. 相似文献
8.
A high resolution multi-proxy record of pronounced recent environmental change at Baker Lake,Nunavut
A. S. Medeiros C. E. Friel S. A. Finkelstein R. Quinlan 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2012,47(4):661-676
Arctic aquatic systems are considered to be especially sensitive to anthropogenic disturbance, which can have cascading effects
on biological communities as aquatic food-web structure is altered. Bio-indicators that respond to major limnological changes
can be used to detect and infer major environmental change, such as climate warming, with the use of paleolimnological techniques.
A multi-proxy approach was used to quantify recent environmental changes at Baker Lake, Nunavut, Arctic Canada. Analyses of
fossilized remains of chironomids and diatoms were conducted on a sediment core of 20 cm in length sampled at 0.5-cm intervals.
A new surface sediment training set of subfossil chironomid assemblages from 65 lakes across the eastern Canadian Arctic generated
a robust (r
jack2 = 0.79) surface water paleotemperature transfer function. The transfer function was applied to stratigraphic intervals from
the Baker Lake sediment core to generate a paleotemperature reconstruction of sub-decadal resolution. The surface water temperature
reconstruction inferred a 2°C increase in mid-summer surface water temperature for Baker Lake over the last 60 years, which
was corroborated by the local instrumental record spanning the period of 1950–2007 AD. The chironomid record shows a recent
decline of several cold-water taxa and appearance of warm-water indicators. This shift in community structure began circa
1906 AD, and intensified after 1940 AD. The corresponding fossil diatom record showed an increase in small planktonic Cyclotella taxa over the past 60 years, intensifying in the last 5 years, which also suggests a warmer climate and longer ice-free periods.
The shifts in the diatom assemblages began later than the shifts in the chironomid assemblages, and were of lower magnitude,
reflecting differences in the mechanisms in which these two indicators respond to environmental change. 相似文献
9.
Thomas J. Whitmore Melanie A. Riedinger-Whitmore Francesca M. Lauterman Jason H. Curtis 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2018,60(2):223-246
Fragilarioid diatom taxa are often deemed ubiquitous in shallow lake systems. Their presence has been described as contributing to statistical noise in paleolimnological studies of cold-temperate lakes. In shallow, warm-temperate lakes of Florida, long-term transitions from assemblages dominated by Aulacoseira spp. to fragilarioid taxa, particularly Pseudostaurosira brevistriata, Staurosira construens var. venter, and Staurosirella pinnata, often occur. Distinctly higher limnetic nutrient optima are demonstrated by these fragilarioid taxa than by planktonic Aulacoseira spp. Community successions occur during eutrophication, and progressive replacement of Aulacoseira spp. and other planktonic taxa by fragilarioid taxa is concurrent with and apparently related to the onset of cyanobacterial dominance. We examine successions from Aulacoseira-dominated to fragilarioid-dominated assemblages in sediment cores from subtropical Florida lakes that have undergone eutrophication. Diatom profiles are compared with sedimented pigments, nitrogen stable isotopes of organic matter, and with silica accumulation rates. These study lakes have little if any macrophyte presence. Their light-extinction depths are extremely shallow, yet diatom communities are dominated by bottom-dwelling rather than planktonic taxa. Frequent wind-generated mixing, sometimes to lake bottoms, is sufficient to sustain the light needs of benthic and tychoplanktonic taxa. We conclude that assemblage changes generally are not caused by reduced water depths, silica limitation, nor increased incipient stratification, but that cyanobacteria are responsible for reducing planktonic Aulacoseira in favor of fragilarioid taxa. Cyanobacteria blooms persist over a wide seasonal range because of warm climate and high limnetic nutrient concentrations in Florida lakes. Cyanobacteria progressively displace and outcompete Aulacoseira and other planktonic taxa as eutrophication proceeds. Reduced light availability, changes in mineral/nutrient availability, and other aspects of competitive exclusion, such as cyanobacterial allelotoxins, might contribute to observed changes. Climate warming is not likely to account for Aulacoseira reduction as in colder regions because it is less pronounced in this subtropical district. Lakes with low nutrient levels and less cyanobacteria still sustain large Aulacoseira populations, and decreases in limnetic nutrients sometimes lead to the return of planktonic Aulacoseira. Rather than simply representing statistical noise for paleolimnological reconstructions, shifts to certain fragilarioid taxa indicate when subtropical Florida lakes progressed to hypereutrophic conditions that were marked by cyanobacterial proliferation. 相似文献
10.
Tomonori Naya Yoshihiro Tanimura Yutaka Kanai Fujio Kumon Kazuo Amano 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2007,37(4):547-563
In order to assess the recent anthropogenic environmental changes in Lake Kitaura, central Japan, changes during the past
few centuries were reconstructed from results of radiometric and tephrochlonological age determination, magnetic susceptibility
measurements, total organic carbon analyses, total nitrogen analyses and fossil diatom analyses on a sediment core from the
lake. A total of six major and sub-zones are recognized according to the diatom fossil assemblages, and we discuss aquatic
environmental change in Lake Kitaura mainly based on these diatom assemblage change. Zone Ia and Zone Ib (older than AD 1707)
are marine to brackish. In Zone IIa (AD␣1707–AD 1836), most of the brackish diatoms disappeared, and were replaced by freshwater
species indicating a decrease in salinity. We interpret the salinity decrease in Zone I–IIa as a sea-level fall during the
Little Ice Age. The salinity of the lake decreased to near freshwater conditions in Zone IIb (AD 1836–AD 1970), which could
arise from alteration in River Tone or development of a sandspit in the mouth of River Tone in addition to sea-level change.
In Zone IIIa (AD 1970–AD 1987), the diatom assemblage indicates a freshwater environment, and sedimentation rates increase
rapidly. These changes reflect sedimentary environment change and an ecosystem transition due to the construction of the tide
gate. In Zone IIIb (AD 1987–AD 2002), the diatom flux (valves cm−2 y−1) increased and species composition changed. The changes in Zone IIIb show a good agreement with limnological monitoring data
gathered from the lake. These paleolimnological data suggest that the recent human-induced changes of the aquatic environment
of the lake after the 1970s exceed rates during the period concerned in this study. 相似文献
11.
A combination of biotic, sedimentary and biogeochemical proxies was used to investigate the timing and causes of post-18th
century changes in the stratigraphic record of a large, deep lake on the Boothia Peninsula, Nunavut, Canada (70°15′ N, 94°30′ W).
A varve chronology verified with radioisotopic dating (210Pb and 137Cs) revealed a complex pattern of environmental dynamics since c. AD 1830. An increase in the diatoms Asterionella formosa, Stephanodiscus minutulus and Cyclotella atomus and a decrease in Aulacoseira taxa in the uppermost centimetre of sediment suggested that environmental conditions have favoured the growth of smaller
and/or lighter planktonic species since the 1980s. Longer term changes in some benthic species, the chrysophyte cysts to diatom
valve ratio, %C, and C/N ratios suggest declined river inflow and a relative reduction in allochthonous inputs during the
last century. Higher than average δ15N values in the late 19th to early 20th centuries coincide with changes in bulk carbon and nitrogen profiles, and below average
values since approximately 1950 may be associated with increased atmospheric N loading or reduced productivity. Biogenic silica
and organic carbon accumulation in the sediments suggest a possible decline in lake production during the 20th century that
may be associated with changes in the river discharge regime. The short and long-term ecological and biogeochemical trends
were also reflected in the sedimentary structure through declining varve thickness for the duration of the record and an abrupt
change in sedimentology in the uppermost 1 cm, coinciding with deposition since ca. AD 1987. Together, these biological and
physical changes suggest changes in hydroclimatic conditions in the 20th century, and an increase in planktonic diatom taxa
since the 1980s that coincides with a distinct period of climate warming. 相似文献
12.
We present a paleolimnological record spanning the Holocene from a small lake on Russell Island (Lake PW02), in the central
Canadian Arctic Archipelago (74.07° N, 97.77° W, 182 m asl). Fragilarioid diatom types in the genera Pseudostaurosira, Staurosira and Staurosirella constitute >90% of valves in fossil samples. Using modern biogeographic data which specify the temperature optima of the
Fragilarioid diatom taxa, we present new inferences about the timing of paleoclimatic changes in the central Arctic islands.
The early Holocene was characterized by maximum values for sediment organic matter, and lower ratios of Staurosirella pinnata to Staurosira construens v. venter, suggesting warm summer air temperatures between about 9500−6500 cal year BP. Influxes of biogenic silica and diatom valves
decreased following 4000 cal year BP, the sediment accumulation rate slowed and diatom taxa of the littoral zone diversified,
suggesting cooler summers and more persistent lake ice. Variations in the species composition of the assemblages indicate
paleoclimatic changes that are in broad agreement with other paleoenvironmental records from the Arctic including melt records
from the Agassiz Ice Cap. Although autecological data remain incomplete for Fragilarioid taxa, our results indicate differences
in these taxa in responses to paleoenvironmental change and underline the potential for the increased use of these taxa in
paleoenvironmental reconstructions. The record from Lake PW02, as in other records from Arctic lakes with low algal diversity
throughout the Holocene, shows a pronounced increase in diatom diversity since the 1920s, and diatom production since the
1970s far exceeds any recorded during the Holocene. 相似文献
13.
We analyzed diatoms in a sediment profile from Laguna Zoncho in southern Pacific Costa Rica (lake elevation 1190 m asl, depth 2.6 m, area 0.75 ha) spanning some 3240 cal yr. Diatoms are common in the profile, which we subdivide into three zones. Zone C (3240–1020 cal yr B.P.) is dominated by Staurosira construens var. venter and Aulacoseira spp.; during this time, the lake was dilute and circumneutral. Benthic and acidophilous taxa increase gradually in the upper section of this zone. Zone B (1020–460 cal yr B.P.) almost totally lacks Aulacoseira, and instead is dominated by combinations of Eunotia minor, Encyonema lunatum, Gomphonema gracile, and Pinnularia braunii. Previous pollen and charcoal analysis indicates that this zone falls within the peak of prehistoric agricultural activity at the lake, but diatoms may also reflect climate change. During this period, the lake was likely shallower and more acidic, but not eutrophic. Finally, Zone A (460 cal yr B.P. to AD 1997) begins near a 1.5-cm tephra layer from nearby Volcán Barú; diatom assemblages are dominated by Aulacoseira spp., and suggest deepening of the lake and return to conditions similar to Zone C. This was a time of indigenous population decline and forest recovery in the Zoncho region, probably reflecting the impact of European diseases on the native population, although climate change and impacts of the tephra deposition cannot be wholly discounted. 相似文献
14.
The Holocene diatom and pollen records from Kelly’s Lough have been analysed to determine the timing and extent of the acidification
in this upland lake. The pollen data during the early Holocene reflect the typical vegetation changes that occur in sediments
throughout Ireland during this period. The diatom record begins by being dominated by circumneutral and acidophilous benthic
forms. Later tychoplanktonic Aulacoseira species begin to expand and dominate indicating increased water transparency following the stabilization of catchment soils.
Peatland development in the catchment is evident from approximately 6,450 cal year BP. The main change in the diatom assemblages
at this time is the decline of Aulacoseira species and expansion of periphytic species. At around 1,450 cal year BP, loss-on-ignition (LOI) values, Calluna pollen and microscopic charcoal all increase suggesting the initiation of a major phase of peat erosion and an increased
inwash of organic matter to the lake. Lake acidity changed significantly although the initial acidification is very subtle
as indicated by the diatom-inferred pH record. Changes in the diatom assemblages might be largely the result of increasing
erosion and inwash of organic matter from the catchment to the lake leading to reduced water transparency and more acidic
conditions. The diatom flora remains relatively stable until the mid-twentieth century when more acidibiontic species increase.
These diatom changes result in the reconstructed pH curve showing a moderate recent acidification from pH 5.7 to 5.1. About
half of the total change in pH took place by around the late 1960s. The lowest diatom-inferred pH value occurs in the late
1970s, and parallels the peak in SO2 emissions in Ireland. Acidic conditions seem to have prevailed in Kelly’s Lough throughout its entire history and alkalinity
has been low or absent for much of the time. However, soil acidification and inwash of organic acids from peatlands are not
a sufficiently effective mechanism to explain the low pH levels found today in Kelly’s Lough. The effect of acid deposition
on the waters of Kelly’s Lough is clear and it has probably caused these already naturally acid waters to acidify further. 相似文献
15.
Tracking eutrophication in Taihu Lake using the diatom record: potential and problems 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Xuhui Dong Helen Bennion Rick Battarbee Xiangdong Yang Handong Yang Enfeng Liu 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,40(1):413-429
Taihu Lake is the third largest freshwater lake in China and has been experiencing eutrophication problems for several decades.
Diatoms in short sediment cores from three bays in northern Taihu Lake were studied in addition to 1-year of seasonal phytoplankton
samples in order to evaluate the rate and magnitude of nutrient enrichment. The dominant species found in the phytoplankton
samples appeared in high percentages in the surface sediment samples, suggesting that the latter faithfully record the modern
diatom flora. The diatom preservation status varied among the three cores, while in all cores the preservation deteriorated
with sediment depth. Due to the superior diatom preservation in the core from Mashan Bay, the fossil diatom record of this
core and an established diatom total phosphorus (TP) transfer function were used to reconstruct the nutrient history of Taihu
Lake. Diatom assemblages changed from Aulacoseira-dominated to other eutrophic planktonic species, such as Stephanodiscus minutulus, Cyclostephanos tholiformis, Cyclotella atomus, C. meneghiniana and S. hantzschii in ca. 1980. Diatom-inferred TP concentrations exhibited little change prior to 1980, with values around 50 μg/l. However,
after 1980 TP concentrations increased significantly and remained in excess of 100 μg/l, reflecting eutrophication of Taihu
Lake. Comparison with TP measurements in the water column from 1988 to 2004, as well as the analogue analysis among fossil
and modern samples, demonstrates that the diatom-TP inference model can reliably hindcast past TP concentrations. Therefore,
the baseline TP value of about 50 μg/l, can be used as a restoration target for Taihu Lake. However, due to the complexity
of this very large, shallow aquatic ecosystem, caution should be exercised when employing the diatom record to track eutrophication.
Further studies on the mechanism of diatom distribution, evolution and preservation are recommended for Taihu Lake. 相似文献
16.
Paolo Scussolini Teresa Vegas-Vilarrúbia Valentí Rull Juan Pablo Corella Blas Valero-Garcés Joan Gomà 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2011,46(3):369-385
During the middle and late Holocene, the Iberian Peninsula underwent large climatic and hydrologic changes, but the temporal
resolution and regional distribution of available palaeoenvironmental records is still insufficient for a comprehensive assessment
of the regional variability. The high sedimentation rate in karstic, meromictic Montcortès Lake (Catalan pre-Pyrenees) allows
for a detailed reconstruction of the regional palaeoecology over the last 5,340 years using diatom analysis, aquatic pollen,
sedimentological data, and historic documentary records. Results show marked fluctuations in diatom species assemblage composition,
mainly between dominant Cyclotella taxa and small Fragilariales. We suggest that the conspicuous alternation between Cyclotella comta and C. cyclopuncta reflects changes in trophic state, while the succession of centric and pennate species most likely reflects changes in the
hydrology of the lake. The diatom assemblages were used to identify six main phases: (1) high productivity and likely lower
lake levels before 2350 BC, (2) lower lake levels and a strong arid phase between 2350 and 1850 BC, (3) lake level increase
between 1850 and 850 BC, (4) relatively high lake level with fluctuating conditions during the Iberian and Roman Epochs (650
BC–350 AD), (5) lower lake levels, unfavourable conditions for diatom preservation, eutrophication and erosion triggered by
increased human activities in the watershed during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (900–1300 AD), and (6) relatively higher lake
levels during the LIA (1380–1850 AD) and afterwards. The combined study of diatoms, algae and pollen provides a detailed reconstruction
of past climate, which refines understanding of regional environmental variability and interactions between climate and socio-economic
conditions in the Pyrenees. 相似文献
17.
Luc Denys 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2006,35(4):763-787
Relationships between littoral surface-sediment diatom assemblages and ambient limnological conditions were examined in 186
lentic fresh waters throughout lower Belgium (Flanders). Most of these waters were small, unstratified, alkaline and rich
in nutrients. Using weighted-averaging techniques, robust and accurate transfer functions were developed for median pH-values
ranging from 3.4 to 9.3 and dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations from <1.6 to 63 mg l−1 (jackknifed r
2≈ 0.87, RMSEP <10% of the observed range), while a less precise model was obtained for sodium (2–571 mg l−1; jackknifed r
2 0.69, RMSEP 9.9% of the range). Restricting the data set to circumneutral and alkaline sites (pH≥6.5) revealed the importance
of additional variables, including calcium, silica, chemical oxygen demand and potential gross oxygen production (a proxy
for metabolic activity and phytoplankton abundance). Calibration models for these variables were strong enough to be useful
(jackknifed r
2 0.57–0.59, RMSEP 13.1–16.4% of the observed range), although estimations should not always be considered entirely independent.
Except for the predominant pH gradient, removal of all taxa with a distribution unrelated to the variable of interest improved
model performance. In general, such taxa were proportionally represented among taxa classified according to their principal
habitat. Application of the present models to diatom assemblages of shallow-water sediments obtained from historical samples
and, most importantly, herbarium-macrophyte specimens, will improve hindsight into regional freshwater conditions and add
to base-line setting of ecological quality standards in a highly impacted region.
Electronic supplementary material Electronic supplementary material is available for this article at
and accessible for authorised users. 相似文献
18.
Modern Diatom Assemblages in Surface Sediments from Estuarine Systemsin the Southeastern Buenos Aires Province, Argentina 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Paleoecological reconstructions of Holocene sea-level changes in Argentinean coastal regions were based mainly on ecological
data gathered from other regions, as there was a lack of information on modern estuarine diatom distributions. The aim of
the present work was to assess the spatial variation of diatom assemblages in two representative estuaries of Argentina in
order to gather ecological information for paleoecological reconstructions in the region. The two selected estuaries have
different geomorphologic features and salinity regimes: Mar Chiquita Lagoon is shallow, which prevents the development of
a stable salinity gradient as it occurs in the Quequén Grande River. Surface sediment samples were taken from selected stations
representative of the environmental gradient from the inlet to the inner reaches of both estuaries. Cluster analysis defined
three diatom zones at Mar Chiquita: marine/brackish assemblages dominate the inlet (zone I), where salinity, tidal range and
current speed are higher. The brackish/freshwater tychoplankton Staurosira construens var. venter and Staurosirella pinnata dominate the inner lagoon (zone II), where environmental conditions are very variable and concentrations of suspended sediments
are higher. Brackish/freshwater euryhaline diatoms dominate the headwaters (zone III). On the other hand, the Quequén Grande
River was divided into three diatom zones: coastal taxa are distributed at the inlet (zone I), while the middle estuary (zone
II) is dominated by brackish/freshwater euryhaline taxa. At the upper estuary region (zone III), freshwater diatoms dominate,
and the halophobous Nitzschia denticula increased in abundance values. Diatom distributions were most closely related to the salinity gradient at Quequén Grande
River than at Mar Chiquita Lagoon. Fossil data of a sequence from Mar Chiquita Lagoon (Las Gallinas Creek) were compared to
the modern data set in order to search for analogies between fossil and modern diatom assemblages. DCA results showed that
fossil diatom assemblages have modern counterparts. Most diatom assemblages of Las Gallinas Creek fall within Mar Chiquita
zone III, representing a shallow brackish/freshwater environment, with low salinity fluctuations
(~1–9‰) and no tidal influence. Therefore, our modern diatom data provide useful analogs to interpret paleoenvironments in
the region. 相似文献
19.
Water chemistry and surface sediments were analyzed from 41 shallow lakes representing three previously-defined hydrological
categories in the Slave River Delta, Northwest Territories, Canada, in order to identify relationships between hydrological
and limnological conditions and their associations with recently deposited diatom assemblages. Evaporation-dominated lakes are physically removed from the influence of the Slave River, and are characterized by high alkalinity and high concentrations
of nutrients and ions. In contrast, flood-dominated lakes tend to receive a pulse of floodwater from the Slave River during the spring thaw and have low alkalinity and low concentrations
of most nutrients and ions. Exchange-dominated lakes are variably influenced by floodwaters from the Slave River and seiche events from Great Slave Lake throughout the
spring thaw and open-water season, and are characterized by a broad array of limnological conditions that are largely dependent
on the strength of the connection to these sources of floodwater. Specific diatom ‘indicator’ taxa have been identified that
can discriminate these three hydrological lake categories. Evaporation-dominated lakes are associated with high relative abundance
of common epiphytic diatom taxa, while diatoms indicative of flood- and exchange-dominated lakes span a wide range of habitat
types (epiphytic, benthic) but also include unique planktonic diatoms (Stephanodiscus and Cyclostephanos taxa) that were not found in surface sediments of evaporation-dominated lakes. The planktonic diatom taxa originate from
the Slave River, and thus are indicative of river influence. In complex, remote, freshwater ecosystems like the Slave River
Delta, integration of results from hydrological and limnological approaches provides a necessary foundation to assess present,
past and future hydroecological responses to changes in river discharge and climate. 相似文献
20.
Laurent Millet Charline Giguet-Covex Valérie Verneaux Jean-Claude Druart Thierry Adatte Fabien Arnaud 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2010,44(4):963-978
This paper presents the recent history of a large prealpine lake (Lake Bourget) using chironomids, diatoms and organic matter
analysis, and deals with the ability of paleolimnological approach to define an ecological reference state for the lake in
the sense of the European Framework Directive. The study at low resolution of subfossil chironomids in a 4-m-long core shows
the remarkable stability over the last 2.5 kyrs of the profundal community dominated by a Micropsectra-association until the beginning of the twentieth century, when oxyphilous taxa disappeared. Focusing on this key recent period,
a high resolution and multiproxy study of two short cores reveals a progressive evolution of the lake’s ecological state.
Until AD 1880, Lake Bourget showed low organic matter content in the deep sediments (TOC less than 1%) and a well-oxygenated
hypolimnion that allowed the development of a profundal oxyphilous chironomid fauna (Micropsectra-association). Diatom communities were characteristic of oligotrophic conditions. Around AD 1880, a slight increase in the
TOC was the first sign of changes in lake conditions. This was followed by a first limited decline in oligotrophic diatom
taxa and the disappearance of two oxyphilous chironomid taxa at the beginning of the twentieth century. The 1940s were a major
turning point in recent lake history. Diatom assemblages and accumulation of well preserved planktonic organic matter in the
sediment provide evidence of strong eutrophication. The absence of profundal chironomid communities reveals permanent hypolimnetic
anoxia. From AD 1995 to 2006, the diatom assemblages suggest a reduction in nutrients, and a return to mesotrophic conditions,
a result of improved wastewater management. However, no change in hypolimnion benthic conditions has been shown by either
the organic matter or the subfossil chironomid profundal community. Our results emphasize the relevance of the paleolimnological
approach for the assessment of reference conditions for modern lakes. Before AD 1900, the profundal Micropsectra-association and the Cyclotella dominated diatom community can be considered as the Lake Bourget reference community, which reflects the reference ecological
state of the lake. 相似文献