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藏南羊卓雍错流域水化学主离子特征及其控制因素 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13
水化学主离子特征是流域湖泊的一个重要特征,对气候以及河流所经地区的环境具有指示作用.本文对藏南羊卓雍错流域水化学主离子组成特征及其控制因素进行分析,结果显示流域内不同水体(湖水、河水、地下水)之间的主离子组成以及水化学类型差异显著.其中,羊卓雍错的水化学类型为SO24--HCO3--Mg2+-Na+,巴纠错为SO24--Mg2+-Na+,沉错为SO24--Na+-Mg2+-Ca2+,普莫雍错为HCO3--SO24--Mg2+-Ca2+,空姆错为HCO3--SO24--Ca2+;流域河水中主要阴离子为HCO3-和SO24-,Ca2+为绝对优势阳离子;流域地下水化学类型则为HCO3--Ca2+.究其原因,流域水体化学组成主要受岩石风化作用控制;除此,羊卓雍错、巴纠错和沉错水化学组成亦受自身蒸发-结晶作用的影响.就入湖河水而言,羊卓雍错入湖河水整体受碳酸盐岩石风化的影响较大,蒸发岩溶解的影响次之;沉错和空姆错入湖河流(卡鲁雄曲)的蒸发岩来源则略大于碳酸盐岩来源;而硅酸盐对流域内河水的水化学性质影响较小.与入湖河水相比,羊卓雍错和沉错湖水的Mg2+、Na+和SO24-含量较高,而Ca2+和HCO3-含量较低.这应该与湖水蒸发强烈使得湖水中Ca2+和HCO3-析出并沉积到湖底有关.而空姆错由于湖泊面积小、入湖河水流量大,致使其湖水与入湖河水的主离子组成差异不显著. 相似文献
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根据辽东南地区10处泉水、井水的水化学组分和氢、氧同位素组成,讨论了地下水的化学类型、成因及其动态变化特征.测得水样的TDS范围为105.38～809.05 mg·L-1,主要阳离子为Na+、Ca2+,主要阴离子为SO42-、HCO3-;δ18O和δD值分别为-9.25‰～-7.53‰和-66.43‰～-54.33‰.根据Piper分类法,所采水样可划分为9种水化学类型.样品的氢氧同位素组成表明,研究区泉/井水主要来源于大气降水,并有深部流体的混入.在花岗岩分布区,大气降水经水-岩相互作用演化成F-含量较高的SO4·HCO3-Na型、HCO3-Na型或SO4-Na型水,为花岗岩裂隙水的典型特征;金州的水样因受碳酸盐岩层影响和海水入侵形成Cl-Ca·Mg型水;砂砾岩中的长石类矿物水解和粘土矿物的离子交换作用使得Na+和Ca2+相对富集形成HCO3-Na·Ca型水.地震发生前后部分泉/井出现了K+、F-和Cl-离子浓度的异常变化,这可能是深部流体混入浅层地下水造成的.K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Cl-离子浓度变化对辽宁地震活动的响应较好.研究结果可用于辽宁地区流体地球化学地震监测、预测和水环境研究. 相似文献
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对山西奇村地热田的水文地球化学特征进行了分析，结果表明，该区地下热水水化学类型为Cl—SO4-Na型，冷水化学类型为HCO3-Ca型。热水中Cl^-，Na^ ，SO4^2-及Li^ 含量与水温有很好的线性相关性，F^-的含量较高。认为对Cl^-，Na^ ，SO4^2-，Fi^ 及F^-进行动态的观测可能对地震监测具有积极的意义。 相似文献
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1 研究背景
大地震产生的应力能瞬间改变地壳介质状态,从而引起含水层中地下水流动以及水化学成分的变化.这些变化包括:井水位上升、下降或振荡;水温"V"型、"U"型变化或振荡;水化学成分Ca2+、Mg2+、HCO3-等离子浓度升降变化;土壤液化及泥火山活动变化,等等. 相似文献
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华北平原作为我国重要的工农业基地和政治经济中心,面临着严重的水资源危机.因此,开展对华北平原地下水储量变化的监测工作具有重要现实意义与科学价值.本文基于GRACE重力卫星的空间约束方法,研究了华北平原地下水储量变化的时空分布规律,并与地面水井实测与地下水模型结果进行了综合比较和分析.结果表明:2002-2014年,华北平原地下水存在明显的长期亏损,GRACE估计的亏损速率为-7.4±0.9 km~3·a~(-1),而地面水井资料估计的浅层地下水亏损速率为-1.2 km~3·a~1,对比两者之间的差异可以发现,华北平原的地下水亏损以深层地下水为主.2002-2008年,GRACE估计的华北平原地下水亏损速率为-5.3±2.2 km~3·a~(-1),这与华北平原两个地下水模型得到的平均亏损速率-5.4 km~3·a~(-1)十分吻合.通过华北平原区域地下水模型的独立验证,说明GRACE可以有效评估华北平原的地下水储量变化趋势.除了长期亏损的趋势项之外,华北平原地下水还存在明显的年际变化特征,并与该地区年降雨量变化特征一致.在降雨偏少的2002年、2005-2009年和2014年,华北平原地下水储量显著减少.在空间分布上,GRACE结果表明,华北平原的地下水储量减少主要发生在山前平原和中部平原区,这也与水井实测资料和区域地下水模型结果较为吻合.与GRACE和区域地下水模型相比,目前的全球水文模型仍无法准确估计华北平原地下水变化的空间分布和亏损速率.上述研究表明,GRACE提供了评估华北平原地下水储量变化的重要监测手段. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2017,(4)
由于农业灌溉,黑方台台塬边共发生了120余次黄土滑坡,严重威胁当地居民的生命财产安全.研究表明,该地区滑坡的主要诱因是黄土层中不断抬升的地下水,故对研究区滑坡的诱发形成机理展开分析探讨,就不能脱离对该地区黄土层中地下水分布规律的研究.基于此,本文运用高密度电法,对黑方台台塬内部及塬边滑坡区的黄土层中地下水分布规律进行探测研究.据三条物探剖面探测结果可知:1)研究区地下水中矿化度高,可断定其来源为农业灌溉;2)台塬内部黄土层中的地下水水位较为平缓,汇向台塬东北侧一带;3)而塬边水位骤降,趋势与滑坡地形基本一致,且滑坡坡顶处有局部水位抬升现象.物探结果与钻孔数据结果基本吻合,证明运用高密度电法对研究区地下水位进行探测是一种可靠的方法. 相似文献
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巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊水化学空间分布特征 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
通过对巴丹吉林沙漠腹地拐子湖-地质公园一线51个湖泊水,8个泉水,12个井水及1个雨水水样的水化学成分分析,初步探讨了沙漠湖泊水化学分布特征及其影响因素.结果表明由东南边缘至腹地湖泊总体上依次呈硫酸盐型-碳酸盐型-氯化物型分布.东南边缘以Na+、Cl-、SO24-为主的湖泊因矿化度分异,形成Ca2+、Mg2+含量不同的三种亚型,其中高矿化度的Na-Cl-(SO4)型湖泊在腹地湖泊群中也有出现,表现出地理上的不连续分布;边缘若干湖泊受局部地理环境的影响水离子多含Na+、Cl-、CO32-+HCO3-.综合分析表明湖泊水化学型的空间分异与区域气候差异和气候变化有关,湖水直接或间接地接受当地降水补给,但不排除外源地下水补给对其有一定贡献.通过对比不同时段部分沙漠湖泊水化学特征发现近十年以来腹地湖泊补给源或受气候干暖化影响使其水化学特性较边缘湖泊的变化大. 相似文献
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为准确评价地下水污染质空间分布,本文以长春地区地下水重要组分NO3-为例,利用统计学的熵—矩检验法对长春地区2008年56个水质采样点的检测数据的概率分布进行了检验,得出数据不服从正态分布的结论.在此基础上,选择不要求总体服从正态分布的非参数Kruskal-Wallis检验方法对长春地区所属的各个行政子区域地下水中的N... 相似文献
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关中地区作为一带一路重要的工农业发达地区之一,开展针对该地区地下水储量变化的监测和分析工作对揭示地下水储量变化特征与经济社会发展具有重要现实意义.本文基于2003—2014年GRACE卫星重力场模型数据,采用组合滤波及单一尺度因子方法反演了关中地区陆地水储量变化,扣除GLDAS地表水平均结果,对关中地区地下水储量变化进行了监测分析.将陆地水储量变化与GLDAS进行相关性分析,将地下水储量变化与WGHM地下水模型及实测地下水位结果进行对比分析.研究结果表明：①关中地区陆地水变化与GLDAS模型结果具有较强的相关性,相关系数多数大于0.7,其中与模型平均结果的相关系数可达0.8.② 2003—2008年关中地区地下水呈正增长趋势,增加速率为0.25 cm·a-1,与同期实测数据变化趋势一致;但2003—2013年地下水存在长期亏损,亏损速率为-0.37 cm·a-1等效水高,这与同时期WGHM估算结果-0.35 cm·a-1十分吻合.③关中地区地下水存在明显的年变化特征,在2003—2014年期间地下水减少速率为-0.44 cm·a-1,与该地区降雨量有较好的一致性,在降雨偏少的2008、2012和2013年,地下水也显著减少. 相似文献
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Hydrological processes in the different landscape zones of alpine cold regions in the wet season,combining isotopic and hydrochemical tracers 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Yonggang Yang Honglang Xiao Yongping Wei Liangju Zhao Songbing Zou Qiu Yang Zhenliang Yin 《水文研究》2012,26(10):1457-1466
Studies on hydrological processes are often emphasized in resource and environmental studies. This paper identifies the hydrological processes in different landscape zones during the wet season based on the isotopic and hydrochemical analysis of glacier, snow, frozen soil, groundwater and other water sources in the headwater catchment of alpine cold regions. Hydrochemical tracers indicated that the chemical compositions of the water are typically characterized by: (1) Ca? HCO3 type in glacier snow zone, (2) Mg? Ca? SO4 type for surface runoff and Ca? Mg? HCO3 type for groundwater in alpine desert zone, (3) Ca? Mg? SO4 type for surface water and Ca? Mg? HCO3 type for groundwater in alpine shrub zone, and (4) Ca? Na? SO4 type in surface runoff in the alpine grassland zone. The End‐Members Mixing Analysis (EMMA) was employed for hydrograph separation. The results showed that the Mafengou River in the wet season was mainly recharged by groundwater in alpine cold desert zones and shrub zones (52%), which came from the infiltration and transformation of precipitation, thawed frozen soil water and glacier‐snow meltwater. Surface runoff in the glacier‐snow zone accounted for 11%, surface runoff in alpine cold desert zones and alpine shrub meadow zones accounted for 20%, thawed frozen soil water in alpine grassland zones accounted for 9% of recharge and precipitation directly into the river channel (8%). This study suggested that the whole catchment precipitation did not produce significant surface runoff directly, but mostly transformed into groundwater or interflow, and finally arrived in the river channel. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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新疆博斯腾湖水盐变化及其影响因素探讨 总被引：16，自引：5，他引：11
在博斯腾湖水文和水化学实测资料的基础上,研究了博斯腾湖水盐的年际和年内变化。近40年来,水质年际变化经历了好→中→差→中的过程;年内变化与区内最大补给源开都河不同季节河流来水量变化以及湖周农田排盐水等因素直接相关,而湖水的矿化度与水位变化呈负相关。对湖水主要离子含量变化特点和湖区矿化度变化规律的研究表明,湖水补给源及湖水循环状况是影响湖水水质变化的主要因素。 相似文献
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To identify the groundwater flow system in the North China Plain, the chemical and stable isotopes of the groundwater and surface water were analysed along the Chaobai River and Yongding River basin. According to the field survey, the study area in the North China Plain was classified hydrogeologically into three parts: mountain, piedmont alluvial fan and lowland areas. The change of electrical conductance and pH values coincided with groundwater flow from mountain to lowland areas. The following groundwater types are recognized: Ca? HCO3 and Ca? Mg? HCO3 in mountain areas, Ca? Mg? HCO3 and Na? K? HCO3 in piedmont alluvial fan areas, and HCO3? Na in lowland areas. The stable isotope distribution of groundwater in the study area also has a good corresponding relation with other chemical characteristics. Stable isotope signatures reveal a major recharge from precipitation and surface water in the mountain areas. Chemical and stable isotope analysis data suggest that mountain and piedmont alluvial fan areas were the major recharge zones and the lowland areas belong to the main discharge zone. Precipitation and surface water were the major sources for groundwater in the North China Plain. Stable isotopic enrichment of groundwater near the dam area in front of the piedmont alluvial fan areas shows that the dam water infiltrated to the ground after evaporation. As a result, from the stable isotope analysis, isotope value of groundwater tends to deplete from sea level (horizontal ground surface) to both top of the mountain and the bottom of the lowland areas in symmetrically. This suggests that groundwater in the study area is controlled by the altitude effect. Shallow groundwater in the study area belongs to the local flow system and deep groundwater part of the regional flow system. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Extent of immobilisation of phosphate during aeration of nutrient-rich, anoxic groundwater 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jasper Griffioen 《Journal of Hydrology》2006,320(3-4):359-369
Nutrient-rich exfiltrating groundwater may impose a heavy phosphate load on surface water systems. However, iron oxides that bind PO4 precipitate fast upon oxygenation at neutral pH and PO4 may also become bound in Ca precipitates following upon pH increase, so load estimates based on conservative behaviour during exfiltration will be overestimates. Aeration experiments using natural groundwater were performed to characterise the immobilisation of PO4 within one day after aeration started. Groundwaters having a wide variety in composition, were sampled in the coastal lowlands of the Western Netherlands. Three models were considered to describe the fast binding of PO4 by Fe oxide type phases that form upon the oxygenation of dissolved Fe(II), each based on a different concept. The concepts were surface complexation, solid-solution precipitation and two-mineral precipitation. When the experimental data were compared with model results, all three models were found to be inadequate. Frequently, more immobilisation of PO4 occurred than could be explained by binding to a Fe oxide type of phase alone. Uptake by Ca phosphates and/or Ca carbonates must additionally have played a role; alternatively, a non-ideal phase consisting of Ca, Fe and PO4 precipitated upon oxygenation and CO2 degassing. A predictive multiple regression model with two primary variables that reflect the driving forces for PO4 immobilisation was deduced that describes immobilisation of phosphate after aeration of anoxic groundwater. The two primary variables are the log value of the groundwater Fe to PO4 molar ratio and the saturation state for hydroxyapatite after the CO2 degassing of groundwater. The model is useful for calculating the PO4 load of surface water from exfiltration groundwater, taking into account fast immobilisation (<1 day) during exfiltration. 相似文献
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ABSTRACTWater quality in the arid regions has long been an issue of great concern in the world. In this study, quantitative research was carried out to create new knowledge to understand the processes that determine the variation in the groundwater chemical composition of the Yinchuan Plain, China. In this context, the distribution and zonation characteristics of groundwater in this area were assessed using geochemical modelling of groundwater quality evolution. The results show the existence of an obvious zonation from the recharge area to the discharge area in the study area. Dominant anions transform from HCO3 in the inclined pluvial area to HCO3·SO4·Cl in the discharge region, while the main cations vary from Ca and Mg to Na and Mg. The simulation results indicate that the evaporation process triggers 2–35% of groundwater loss, leading to an increase in the total dissolved solids. The irrigation leakage mixes with the groundwater at about 8:2, suggesting that the irrigation leakage dilutes the groundwater. 相似文献
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A Geochemical Approach to Determine Sources and Movement of Saline Groundwater in a Coastal Aquifer 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Geochemical evaluation of the sources and movement of saline groundwater in coastal aquifers can aid in the initial mapping of the subsurface when geological information is unavailable. Chloride concentrations of groundwater in a coastal aquifer near San Diego, California, range from about 57 to 39,400 mg/L. On the basis of relative proportions of major‐ions, the chemical composition is classified as Na‐Ca‐Cl‐SO4, Na‐Cl, or Na‐Ca‐Cl type water. δ2H and δ18O values range from ?47.7‰ to ?12.8‰ and from ?7.0‰ to ?1.2‰, respectively. The isotopically depleted groundwater occurs in the deeper part of the coastal aquifer, and the isotopically enriched groundwater occurs in zones of sea water intrusion. 87Sr/86Sr ratios range from about 0.7050 to 0.7090, and differ between shallower and deeper flow paths in the coastal aquifer. 3H and 14C analyses indicate that most of the groundwater was recharged many thousands of years ago. The analysis of multiple chemical and isotopic tracers indicates that the sources and movement of saline groundwater in the San Diego coastal aquifer are dominated by: (1) recharge of local precipitation in relatively shallow parts of the flow system; (2) regional flow of recharge of higher‐elevation precipitation along deep flow paths that freshen a previously saline aquifer; and (3) intrusion of sea water that entered the aquifer primarily during premodern times. Two northwest‐to‐southeast trending sections show the spatial distribution of the different geochemical groups and suggest the subsurface in the coastal aquifer can be separated into two predominant hydrostratigraphic layers. 相似文献
17.
藏南普莫雍错流域水体离子组成与空间分布及其环境意义 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：15
对藏南普莫雍错湖水及其周围人湖河流水体进行了离子化学成分分析,对部分湖泊和河流水样作氧同位紊分析.结果显示,不同入湖河流离子组成与湖水本身离子组成有较大差异.湖水的主要离子组合是Mg2 -Ca2 -HCO3-SO42-,而主要补给河流加曲为Ca2 -Mg2 -HCO3-.加曲人湖河口2m水深以内水化学性质差异大,湖泊其他地区差异小.加曲对河口三角洲之上湖水影响显著.其他河流对河口处湖水影响较小.Gibbs图显示湖水离子的组成主要与流域内的岩石风化有关.离子比例和三角图分析说明控制入湖河水离子主要过程是碳酸盐、黄铁矿和硅酸盐风化.湖泊与河流水体离子的组成差异较大,原因可能是蒸发浓缩导致的CaCO3的沉淀.其结果有助于正确理解湖泊沉积碳酸盐的环境指示意义. 相似文献
18.
The use of reclaimed water and its impact on groundwater quality in the middle and southern parts of the Jordan Valley are investigated. The chemical analyses indicate that nitrate and bacteriological pollution is widespread, and thus, seriously affects groundwater use. During the study, 365 water samples were collected from wells and springs to determine the water chemistry and the extent of nitrate pollution. Three hydrochemical facies are identifed, i. e., (Ca–(Mg)–Na–HCO3), (Ca–Na–SO4–Cl) and (Ca–Na–Cl). The change of facies is accompanied by a gradual increase in the groundwater total dissolved solids (TDS), which is mainly controlled by evaporates and carbonates dissolution in the aquifer matrix. Water analyses indicate that the shallow aquifer in the study area is affected by non‐point pollution sources, primarily from natural (manure) and chemical nitrogen (N)‐fertilizers and treated wastewater used for agriculture. The concentration of nitrate in the groundwater ranges from 10 to 355 mg/L. Considerable seasonal fluctuations in groundwater quality are observed as a consequence of agricultural practices and other factors such as annual rainfall distribution and the Zarqa River flow. The noticeable levels of total coliform and Escherichia coli in the northern part of the study area may be attributed to contamination from the urban areas, intensive livestock production, and illegal dumping of sewage. Heavy metal concentrations in all samples were found to be significantly lower than the permissible limits for drinking water standards. 相似文献
19.
Bas Pedroli 《Journal of Hydrology》1990,120(1-4):381-404
Ecohydrology, the interdisciplinary field of research directed to the application of hydrological knowledge to landscape ecology, is introduced to evaluate a test data set of 412 analyses of groundwater samples from 60 locations in a Dutch coversand area, numerically classified into 17 water types. Three types of simple groundwater quality classification are identified: single parameter, combined parameter and multiparameter.
Single quality parameters like pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and ion concentration values, are rarely used in ecohydrology. The representation of the complex conditional relationships between groundwater and the living part of ecosystems with these parameters is unsatisfactory, as also proved with the test data set. It is difficult to differentiate groundwater types reliably on the basis of one single parameter.
Combined quality parameters which are widely used are a pH-EC plot, a plot of pHCO3 vs. (pH-pCa), after Kemmers, and an IR-EC plot after van Wirdum, where the ionic ratio (IR) is a Ca/(Ca + Cl) ratio. The latter two parameters indicate the residence time of the groundwater sampled as well as the hydrochemical conditions related to vegetation distribution and development. The IR is very popular for discriminating between atmocline (precipitation-like) and lithocline (long-residence groundwater-like) water types. In the test data set, objections to its use are discussed with regard to the conditions assumed in its application. Especially in the intermediate IR range, which should indicate potentially marked ecologic gradients, its theoretical basis is narrow. However, general relationships can be deduced from the IR-EC plot. In the test data set as well as in the general Dutch setting, the transformation of atmocline into lithocline water types determines to a large extent ecosystem diversity, although a third, metacline, pollution-induced water type increasingly interferes.
Finally, multiparameter classification of groundwater types is discussed. Statistical classification gives good results but is site specific. It is recomended that efforts be combined in the search for an internationally applicable composite classification adapted to ecohydrological research. 相似文献