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通过构建中尺度涡的数学模型,利用射线-简正波-抛物方程(RMPE)声学模型进行传播损失计算,进而分析在深海声道、深海会聚区、海底反射3种传播模式下,中尺度涡对深海声效应的影响。数值仿真结果显示,暖涡对深海声道、会聚区产生下压效果,使会聚区水平距离变大,深海声道深度方向上变宽;冷涡使会聚区上抬,距离变短,对声场散射现象明显。研究结果表明,涡旋环境条件下,声场特征会产生显著变化。试验结果揭示了中尺度涡对深海声场效应的影响,对指导海上运用中尺度涡现象开展的科学研究、工程实践、军事运用具有积极的指导意义。 相似文献
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以Argo资料给出的一个典型西太平洋冬季冷涡为环境背景,应用BELLHOP高斯束射线模型计算声场,通过比较环境水平不变与环境水平变化声场的差异性,得出了涡旋环境和地形变化共同影响下会聚区声场出现的一些变异特征。分析结果表明,涡西侧声场在深海平坦地形条件下会聚区保持完整,从涡外向涡内传播时会聚区距离逐渐变小,反之距离变大,同时,涡中心附近的冷水上涌破坏了近表层的表面声道,使声传播损失突然增大。涡东侧的海山地形阻碍了会聚区反转,使声场出现了复杂的变异特征,如会聚区的截断、上反转点的抬升或下降、声线的多途传播以及增益位置的不规则变化等。这些声场变异特征是由西太平洋的背景环境、涡中的水文非均匀分布以及地形变化共同引起的。当地形变化不影响会聚区反转时,声场变化主要受涡锋面两侧水文环境差异的影响,典型特征是会聚区的偏移和表面声道的生消;当地形变化对会聚区反转产生明显的干扰时,地形条件对于声场能量分布具有主导作用,非均匀水文环境的影响弱化,但仍起到重要的调制作用。 相似文献
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将Argo浮标资料与卫星遥感再分析数据相结合,调用基于抛物方程算法的RAM(Range-dependent Acoustic Model)模型,研究了2012年第14号台风“天秤”对不完整深海声道(3 000 m)和完整深海声道(5 500 m)两种水深条件下声传播特性的影响。结果显示:台风对海水的影响局限于表层水体,具体为混合层加厚,混合层内温度梯度接近于零,声速在混合层内正梯度分布;混合层下方一定深度的水体增温,相应的声速也增大。声源在混合层内时,主要对海表层的声传播产生影响,两种水深条件下均出现表面波导声传播模式以及泄漏模式。声源在混合层以下时,不完整深海声道条件下台风使得会聚区向着声源方向靠近;完整深海声道条件下台风对会聚区的位置影响不明显,但声波的翻转深度增加近500 m。 相似文献
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中尺度涡普遍存在于大洋中并会对声传播产生影响。利用2000—2018年AVISO卫星高度计资料和Argo浮标资料,通过涡旋合成方法构建了西北太平洋黑潮延伸体和亲潮延伸体海域中尺度涡的多年平均三维结构,对其垂直温、盐异常和声速特征进行分析,并采用Bellhop射线声学模型对中尺度涡背景下的声传播进行了模拟仿真。结果表明：1)冷涡背景下,温度异常为负,盐度异常在上层为负,在下层为正,声速等值线抬升;暖涡背景下,温度异常为正,盐度异常在上层为正,在下层为负,声速等值线下沉。2)冷涡背景下,声传播会聚区向声源方向偏移,会聚区宽度缩小;暖涡背景下,会聚区远离声源,会聚区宽度增大。声会聚区宽度在黑潮延伸体海域较在亲潮延伸体海域更大,距离声源也更远。3)冷涡背景下,声传播的反转深度变浅,暖涡背景下,反转深度加深;在黑潮延伸体海域,反转深度总体随经度增大而变浅,在亲潮延伸体海域则相反,反转深度随经度增大而变深。 相似文献
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一、声速改正原理海洋测绘中,水深测量的主要仪器是测深仪,测深仪的原理是利用声波在海水中传播的时间来测量水深(d),当声速用C表示,声从发射经海底反射回来的时间为t时,则水深d可用下面等式表示。 相似文献
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声跃层结构变化对深海汇聚区声传播的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据射线理论建立了线性声速结构条件下的声跃层强度与深海汇聚区关系模型,用最小位移角讨论了海洋环境变化（如声跃层强度变化、声跃层位置变化及季节性跃层生消等）与汇聚区距离和宽度变化的相关性.结果表明,声跃层的结构变化对汇聚区特征影响很大.声跃层强度增大使汇聚区向远离声源的方向变化,跃层强度每增加0.01 s-1对应的汇聚区位移增大约为3.5～5.0 km.声跃层位置变化对汇聚区的影响小于声跃层强度,与两层结构的声速剖面相比,上行结构使汇聚区向靠近声源的方向变化,声跃层上升200 m对应的汇聚区位移减小约为1.0～1.5 km,声跃层越浅,汇聚区距离越近;下行结构使汇聚区向远离声源的方向变化,混合层加深200 m对应的汇聚区位移增大约为1.0～1.5 km,混合层越深,汇聚区距离越远.季节性跃层的生消使近表层有负梯度、零梯度和正梯度的变化.负梯度结构的变化规律与两层结构条件下的声跃层强度变化类似,但对汇聚区的影响程度相对较小;正梯度结构使汇聚区在近表层出现表面声道,梯度值的增强将使汇聚区向靠近声源的方向变化. 相似文献
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针对北极部分海域中的双声道波导现象,研究了冰层覆盖下水平变化双声道波导中的声传播。使用微扰法推导并确定了粗糙下表面的冰层反射系数,结合Bellhop射线模型,计算并分析了实测海域中双声道波导水平变化时的声传播特性,并研究了声源深度、声源入射角以及声源频率对水平变化的双声道波导中声传播的影响规律。结果表明,在北极,深海声道中的声传播大多被限制在深海声道的上、下边缘之间;声源与水平变化的深海声道轴处于同一深度时声传播损失较小,当声源位于深海声道边界以外时,水平变化的声速剖面相比于水平不变时具有更低的声传播损失;入射角对双声道波导中声传播影响较小;随着声源频率的增加,表面声道中声传播损失也随之增大,但是对深海声道影响不明显,在相同频率下水平变化的声速剖面更利于声传播。 相似文献
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声速垂直结构变化引起的汇聚区偏移 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用Munk模型和BELLHOP模式,对不同声速垂直结构类型条件下的汇聚区声传播特征进行了分析。结果表明,近表层水温、温跃层强度、温跃层厚度以及声道轴深度的变化将导致汇聚区位置发生不同程度的偏移。温跃层是上层海洋变化的主要体现,跃变强度的增加会使汇聚区向远离声源方向偏移。表层水温增加1℃可使汇聚区向远离声源方向偏移0.6～0.7km;温跃层强度增加0.005℃.m-1可将使汇聚区向远离声源方向偏移1.5～2.0km;温跃层厚度减小100m将使汇聚区向靠近声源方向偏移0.4～1.2km。声道轴位置变化则体现了温跃层和深海等温层的共同影响,两者作用相互抵消,使汇聚区偏移很小,声道轴加深100m将使汇聚区向靠近声源方向偏移约0.1km。 相似文献
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海洋混合层结构对表面声道中声传播特性的影响分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用WOA05气候态数据集和北黄海调查数据,应用BELLHOP高斯束射线模型分析了我国近海及西太平洋典型海区的混合层结构对表面声道中声传播特性的影响,结果表明:我国近海的混合层结构有显著的区域性和季节性变化;深海中主要表现为混合层深度变化,这种变化直接影响表面声道的空间分布,声波在混合层中的表面声道中传播与在混合层外的影区中传播产生的能量场差异较大;浅海中混合层深度与声速梯度的空间变化都很明显,声速梯度的增大和混合层的加深都能使更多声线以反转的形式传播,使表面声道声场增强。两组海上实验数据表明,在真实海洋中混合层可在短时间内出现生消变化或在局部海域出现非均匀分布。在浅海温跃层环境下,海-气边界特定的物理过程能够使混合层发生间歇性的变化,当表面声道出现时近表层声场明显增强。 相似文献
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Size-fractionated uranium isotopes in surface waters in the Jiulong Estuary in China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
L&#; E ZHANG Lei CHEN Min QIU Yusheng XING N YANG Weifeng LI Yanping HUANG Yipu 《海洋学报(英文版)》2008,27(1):29-41
Surface water was collected from the Jiulong Estuary for determination of activity concentrations of uranium isotopes in different size fractions, namely, greater than 53, 10 -53, 2 - 10, 0.4 -2 μm, 10 000 u -0.4 μm and less than 10 000 u fractions by microfihration and cross-flow uhrafiltration technologies. Results indicated that most of the dissolved uranium （ 〈 0.4 μm） exis- ted in the low molecular mass fraction （ 〈 10 000 u）, and the colloidal uranium-238 （10 000 u -0.4 μm） only contributed less than 1% of the dissolved uranium-238. The fractions of colloidal uranium in the dissolved phases decreased with the increasing sa- linity. A positive linear relationship between uranium-238 activities and salinities was observed for the dissolved, colloidal and low molecular mass fractions, indicating a conservative behavior of uranium in the Jiulong Estuary. In the particulate phases （ 〉 0.4 μm）, the partitioning of uranium isotopes among different size fractions was controlled by the partitioning of particle concentrations. In the regions with salinities below 20, the partitioning of uranium-238 among different size fractions was as follows： 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm 〉 0.4 - 2 μm greater than above 53 μm. However, the order at the offshore station with salinities above 30 changed as follows ： 0.4 - 2 μm 〉 10 - 53 μm 〉 2 - 10 μm greater than above 53 μm. The fraction of the 0.4 - 2 μm particles increased at the offshore station, suggesting the increased contribution of the authigenic uranium. The activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phases, including the low molecular mass fraction and the colloidal fraction, was larger than unity, showing the occurrence of excess uranium-234. In contrast, the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in all size fractions of the particulate phase was close to the equilibrium value （1.0）. The observed different values of the activity ratio of uranium-234 to uranium-238 in the dissolved phase and the partic 相似文献
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JIN Xianglong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(12):1-3
In China submarine geosciences represents a newly established discipline of oceanography, focusing on the oceanic lithosphere, and its interface with the hydrosphere and biosphere. Recently, supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program and other high-tech development projects, significant progress has been made in the development of advanced technologies and equipment. This en- ables the scientists in China to carry out explorations of the international seabed area in the Pacific Ocean and on the Southwest Indian Ridge. In addition, they have been active in the research activities associated the mid-ocean ridges and western Pacific marginal seas. It is anticipated that this research field will continue to be highly fruitful in the near future. 相似文献
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湄洲湾夏季的初级生产力 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
湄洲湾１９９２年夏季的叶绿素ａ，三磷酸腺苷，碳比积累速率，初级生产力的变化范围和均值分别为０．４５－４．７２，１．４９ｍｇ／ｍ＾３；０．１２－１．０７，０．３１μｇ／ｄｍ＾３；０．０６－０．５８，０．３４ｄ＾－１；０．０７－０．３４，０．２１ｍ／（ｍ＾２．ｄ）。叶绿素ａ与三磷酸腺苷之间。初级生产力与碳比积累速率之间均呈正相关关系。叶绿素ａ三磷本能腺苷的比值为４．８，湄洲湾夏季浮游植物的生长受氮不足 相似文献
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In order to investigate factors controlling nutrient cycling in the shallow and turbid coastal ecosystem of Galveston Bay, data from: (1) the Texas Water Commission (TWC) database 1980–1989, and (2) salinity transects in 1989 and 1993 are presented and analyzed. Statistical regression and time-series analysis were carried out on data acquired by TWC between 1980 and 1989, in an attempt to establish seasonally of nutrient and chlorophyll-a (chl.-a.) concentrations in the bay and to determine factors which regulate these concentrations.A strong seasonality was found for phosphorus and chl.-a. in the upper and mid-bay stations. A recurring maximum for phosphate occurred in September and a chl.-a. maximum occurred regularly in March–April. It is hypothesized that benthic regeneration of phosphorus at the end of summer is responsible for the phosphate maximum. The inverse correlation of the partition coefficient (Kd) for phosphate with the concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM), coupled to a strong enrichment of phosphate in suspended particles at low SPM concentrations, indicates additional control by geochemical and physical processes such as particle sorting and/or particle-colloid interactions. Nitrate is inversely correlated with salinity at the upper and mid-bay stations, indicating the Trinity River is a major source.Nutrient concentrations in the lower bay (East and West Bay stations) are considerably lower and less predictable, as they are not correlated with salinity or temperature. Data from the 1989 and 1993 transects confirm the yearly maximum in phosphate concentration in late summer months, with peak concentrations in the upper Trinity Bay. It is concluded that despite possible phosphate buffering by physical and geochemical mechanisms, relatively large concentration maxima recur regularly every year during the summer, possibly caused by a benthic source of phosphate. 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》1999,46(8):1391-1415
The biomass, species and chemical composition of the mesozooplankton and their impact on lower food levels were estimated along a transect across the Arctic Ocean. Mesozooplankton biomass in the upper 200 m of the water column was significantly higher (19–42 mg DW m-3) than has previously been reported for the Arctic Ocean, and it reached a maximum at ca. 87°N in the Amundsen Basin. The lowest values were recorded in the Chukchi Sea and Nansen Basin, where ice cover was lower (50–80%) than in the central Arctic Ocean. In the deeper strata (200–500 m) of the Canadian and Eurasian Basins, the biomass was always much lower (4.35–16.44 mg DW m-3). The C/N (g/g) ratio for the mesozooplankton population was high (6.5–8.5) but within the documented range. These high values (when compared to 4.5 at lower latitudes) may be explained by the high lipid content. Mesozooplankton accounted for approximately 40% of the total particulate organic carbon in the upper 100 m of the water column. Mesozooplankton species composition was homogeneous along the transect, consisting mainly of copepods (70–90% of the total number). It was dominated by four large copepod species (Calanus hyperboreus, C. glacialis, C. finmarchicus and Metridia longa), which together accounted for more than 80% of the total biomass. According to measurements of gut pigment and gut turnover rates, the mesozooplankton on average ingested between 6 and 30% of their body carbon per day as phytoplankton. Microzooplankton may have provided an additional source of energy for the mesozooplankton community. These data emphasize the importance of mesozooplankton in the arctic food web and reinforce the idea that the Arctic Ocean should no longer be considered to be a “biological desert”. 相似文献
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