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本文提出不同比重海水对海带游孢子的放散、附着,胚孢子的萌发,配子体的生长发育和幼孢子体生长的影响 实验结果表明:(1)海带配子体的生长发育对比重的适应能力较强,在高比重和低比重的海水中虽然死亡率很高、生长发育缓慢,但总有一部分个体能生活下来。配子体对比重的适应范围是1.01010-1.03510;(2)海带的幼孢子体对比重的适应能力较小。其适应范围是1.02000-1.03510.尤其是低比重海水能引起泡烂。本实验结果对指导海带苗种生产有一定意义。 相似文献
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Abstract. Dissolved nitrate, nitrite, ammonium and phosphate were monitored for 2.5 years along a coastal eutrophication gradient originating at the St. Andrews sewer outfall. Linear growth rates and tissue composition (phosphorus, various nitrogen fractions and storage carbohydrates) were monitored at the same stations in lamina tissue of Laminaria digitata and L. saccharina. Growth rates were considerably enhanced at the eutrophicated stations both in spring, when exogenous nutrients were at peak values at all stations, and during the summer when exogenous nutrients were very low at all stations. Enhanced summer growth rates were correlated with the increased reserves of N and P accumulated during winter and spring, and particularly with soluble organic nitrogen reserves. Accumulation of storage carbohydrates was inversely correlated with growth rate and tissue N and P reserves, presumably because fixed carbon could be incorporated into new protein and thence new tissue only if internal non-protein N reserves were available. 相似文献
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Abstract. Routine monthly samples of the commercially important portunid crab Liocarcimtx puber and the sympatric but ecologically separated L. holsatus were collected from the waters and shores around the Gowcr Peninsula, South Wales, between November 1983 and September 1985.
The pubertal moult in L. puber occurred at 38 mm CW (carapace width) (females) and 42 mm CW (males). In L. holsatus this occurred at 17 mm (females) and 18.5 mm CW (males). The median size of ovigcrous females was 49.2 ± 6.7 mm CW in L. puber and 26.5 ± 2.0 mm CW in L. holsatus.
Moulting and copulation occurred between spring and autumn, the moulting period of males being earlier than that of the females. Ovigcrous L. holsatus were recorded throughout the year, with highest proportions between February and April. L. puber were ovigcrous mainly between January and March; none was recorded between September and November. The number of eggs of the wild brood (range: 39,000–280,000 for L. holsatus and 40.000–262.000 for L. puber ) was related to female body size as y = 3.099.51 c0.1126x , r = 0.90, n = 21 and y = 6,335.98 c0.051x , r = 0.88, n = 23, respectively, where y = number of eggs and x = carapace width (mm).
Following successful copulation, females of both species were able to spawn more than once during an intcrmoult period. 相似文献
The pubertal moult in L. puber occurred at 38 mm CW (carapace width) (females) and 42 mm CW (males). In L. holsatus this occurred at 17 mm (females) and 18.5 mm CW (males). The median size of ovigcrous females was 49.2 ± 6.7 mm CW in L. puber and 26.5 ± 2.0 mm CW in L. holsatus.
Moulting and copulation occurred between spring and autumn, the moulting period of males being earlier than that of the females. Ovigcrous L. holsatus were recorded throughout the year, with highest proportions between February and April. L. puber were ovigcrous mainly between January and March; none was recorded between September and November. The number of eggs of the wild brood (range: 39,000–280,000 for L. holsatus and 40.000–262.000 for L. puber ) was related to female body size as y = 3.099.51 c
Following successful copulation, females of both species were able to spawn more than once during an intcrmoult period. 相似文献
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S7核糖体蛋白基因片段序列变异与花鲈属鱼类系统发育研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对中国和日本海域花鲈属的3个种:花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)、鲈鱼(L. japoni-cus)和高体鲈(L. latus)的S7核糖体蛋白基因片段序列进行了扩增和序列测定,分析比较了3个种23个个体间的序列差异。在456bp的S7核糖体蛋白基因片段中,3个高体鲈个体中出现了3种单倍型,种内个体间有2个碱基差异;7个花鲈个体中出现了7种单倍型,种内个体间有21个碱基差异;13个鲈鱼个体中出现了12种单倍型,种内个体间有22个碱基差异。结果表明,花鲈属S7核糖体蛋白基因片段序列具有丰富的遗传信息,在亲缘关系较近的物种间也存在显著的序列差异,基于S7核糖体蛋白基因片段序列的NJ和ME系统树经1000次重复抽样检验后得到相似结果,表明S7基因内含子2是适合于研究分子系统发育的分子标记。利用Modeltest选取最佳核苷酸替代模型构建的NJ树表明:花鲈属鱼类由高体鲈分化,花鲈与鲈鱼的亲缘关系很近,而与高体鲈的亲缘关系较远。 相似文献
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Physiology of Laminaria 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract. Sporophytes of Laminaria digitata and L. saccharina were collected from the shore at different times of year. Intact sporophytes of both species, and discs cut from L. digitata lamina tissue were maintained for several weeks in laboratory cultures under various nitrate, phosphate, temperature and daylength regimes. Substrate-saturated uptake rates of approximately 24 μgN g dry weight-1 h-1 from 20 μM nitrate and 8 μgP g dry weight-1 h-1 from 10 μM phosphate were more than sufficient to account for internal nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation. Other nitrogen sources - nitrite, ammonium and urea - were also taken up, independently of each other, and supported growth. During the late spring decline of ambient nutrient levels, when growth rates on the shore also decline markedly, enrichment with nitrate (15 μM) and phosphate (3μ) together prevented this decline and also maintained peak photosynthetic rates (net photosynthesis = 10.4 μlO2 cm-2 h-1) which otherwise dropped to 4.5 μO2 cm-2 h-1 over 47 days at ambient nutrient levels (0.5 μM nitrate and phosphate). Slow summer growth rates in June/July were enhanced to greater than spring peak values by combined nitrate (7.5 μM) and phosphate (1.8 μM) enrichment; neither was sufficient alone, although the individual nutrients were accumulated internally. A lesser, but significant enhancement was also achieved in September. In midwinter, nutrient enhancement itself (10.5 μM nitrate and 3.0 μM phosphate) had a small effect on growth rates only if summer water temperature (15°C) was used, but the dramatic effect of an increased photoperiod (7.5 to 17.5 h) was in excess of that expected for the increased radiant energy available. This was found to be due, at least in L. digitaia discs, to the re-establishment of a surface meristoderm in the dormant winter tissue; this was particularly active with high phosphate supply. Growth of the new lamina in January on the shore was much reduced if the old lamina was removed, although the time of initiation of new growth remained unchanged. In the laboratory, the old lamina was found to be a source of nitrogen for new lamina but not of fixed carbon or phosphorus. New lamina photosynthesis, manifest as mannitol accumulation, was directly proportional to phosphate supply up to at least 7.5 μM phosphate. Mannitol accumulation was then suppressed by a nitrate supply above 12 um, presumably by diversion of fixed carbon to other biosynthetic pathways. 相似文献
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利用双因素实验和单藻培养等方法,对采自广东南澳岛的短节硬毛藻(Chaetomorpha brachygona Harvey)进行研究,在不同温度和盐度条件下,对该硬毛藻的生长、活力以及形态进行了观察与测定。结果表明,温度和盐度对短节硬毛藻的生长均有一定影响,当温度为20°C时,藻体培养第3、6和12天活力分别为0.70—0.75Y、0.60—0.70Y和0.55—0.65Y,培养12天时藻体有生殖细胞形成,此温度有利于藻体维持活力;温度为25—30°C时,培养第3天时会大量形成生殖细胞;在盐度10、20、40和50时,藻体的生长与温度相关,即30°C25°C20°C;在盐度20—30时,藻体长度最大达4.55 cm;在盐度10—30时,更有利于藻体生长,整体趋势为2030104050。因此,实验条件下,温度25—30°C、盐度10—30更利于短节硬毛藻的生长和形成生殖细胞。本实验表明,短节硬毛藻为暖水、广盐性种,有可能在我国南方海区大量生长并扩散,具有引发绿潮的潜力。 相似文献
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Abstract. Combined effects of temperature, salinity, and metal enrichment (Zn, Mn, Co) on the growth rate and chemical composition of Fucus vesiculosus L. were studied in culture. Factorial combinations of two temperatures and three salinities were used. The results indicated that the accumulation of Zn and Mn into algal tissue was enhanced by dilution of the media, whereas Co accumulation exhibited maxima at the medium salinity. Zn accumulation was enhanced by temperature, while the opposite was true for Mn and Co.
In the presence of metals the usual dilution-induced changes in growth activity and chemical composition of Fucus plants were altered, while responses to the temperature factor remained unchanged. In diluted media, growth activity and mannitol content decreased along with a simultaneous increase of protein content. In the presence of Zn and Mn the mannitol content exhibited peaks at the medium salinity; in the presence of Co the dilution-induced pattern remained unchanged. Salinity-induced changes in growth and protein content were altered in the presence of metals. Maxima in growth rates were found at the medium salinity. Growth was higher in extremely diluted media than in scawater, indicating an inversion of responses to the salinity factor. Both the growth rate and mannitol content were lowest under the influence of Zn. 相似文献
In the presence of metals the usual dilution-induced changes in growth activity and chemical composition of Fucus plants were altered, while responses to the temperature factor remained unchanged. In diluted media, growth activity and mannitol content decreased along with a simultaneous increase of protein content. In the presence of Zn and Mn the mannitol content exhibited peaks at the medium salinity; in the presence of Co the dilution-induced pattern remained unchanged. Salinity-induced changes in growth and protein content were altered in the presence of metals. Maxima in growth rates were found at the medium salinity. Growth was higher in extremely diluted media than in scawater, indicating an inversion of responses to the salinity factor. Both the growth rate and mannitol content were lowest under the influence of Zn. 相似文献
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微波辐射计遥感海水盐度的水池实验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过水池实验研究了L波段微波辐射和盐度的关系,并进行了盐度的反演计算。实验中,先向水池内加入天然海水,然后通过向水池中添加自来水的方式调节降低池内水体的盐度,使盐度从31.67逐步降低到27.48。在此期间,利用微波辐射计观测池内水体的L波段H极化和V极化辐射值以及S波段V极化辐射值,利用CTD观测池内水体的温度和盐度。L波段微波辐射值和根据辐射理论计算出的亮温值具有很好的线性关系。利用最大和最小的2个盐度下的微波辐射值和由辐射理论计算的亮温得到定标公式,将观测的辐射值换算为亮温。最后利用半解析的反演算法反演盐度。本次实验的反演最大误差为2.1,均方差为0.3。 相似文献
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以采自山东荣成褚岛桑沟湾南岸成熟的大叶藻种子为材料,研究了种子的外部形态特征、胚乳成分及胚的解剖结构,并初步了解了大叶藻种子的萌发过程。结果表明,大叶藻种子是单子叶有胚乳的种子,呈暗褐色,椭圆形或长圆形,种皮革质且有17～20条纵肋,胚乳丰厚坚硬,胚乳细胞被淀粉粒充满;胚弯曲,由胚根、胚轴、胚芽和子叶组成,子叶U形棒状,其弯曲部有一裂缝,胚芽位于裂缝处,胚轴较短,其下是两个对生的胚根,有中央维管束贯穿胚根、胚轴、胚芽和子叶。在子叶出土萌发的植物类型中,大叶藻种子萌发过程是罕见的。萌发初期,子叶优先生长突破种皮而长出地面,此后胚根才开始生长并产生不定根。对大叶藻种子结构和萌发过程的研究,为探讨大叶藻种子萌发和幼苗更新的限制因素提供了一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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ZHANG Xiaojun FANG Hai CHEN Cuizhen ZHAN Wenbin JIN Xiaomin WANG Xiuyun 《海洋学报(英文版)》2005,24(3):131-140
Appropriate pathogenic bacteria were isolated from diseased (or dead) flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus L) occurring in a mariculture farms of Qinhuangdao, which all diseased fishes expressed bacterial septicaemia. The phenotypic information of the 12 pure cultures was studied extensively, including morphological characteristics, colony characteristics in different media, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and the mole fraction G C ratio of the DNA for representative strain. The results show that the isolates belong to a new species of Vibrio, and are designated as Vibrio qinhuangdaora sp.nov, by the area from which the diseased flounders are collected (Qinhuangdao) based on its biological properties following Rules of International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. At the same time,studies on the serum homology ofisolates, and pathogenicity of isolates were conducted by experimental infection. The results show that all the isolates are of serologic similarity, and the isolates have strong pathogenicity to flounder. The studies can extensively reflect the main biological properties of this new species of Vibrio. 相似文献
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应用RAPD技术对红鳍笛鲷(♀)、千年笛鲷(♂)和红鳍笛鲷(♀)×千年笛鲷(♂)子一代3个群体的RAPD扩增带谱进行了分析,并对杂交子代F1杂种优势进行了预测。从100个随机引物中筛选出35个扩增带丰富的引物进行扩增,共得到190条清晰稳定的扩增带,其中有176个扩增位点具有多态性,多态性位点比率为92.6%。红鳍笛鲷、F1、千年笛鲷3个群体的遗传相似性指数分别为0.831 9,0.726 3,0.916 8;Nei多样性指数分别为0.174 5,0.264 0,0.118 4;Shannon信息指数分别为0.256 4,0.384 5,0.171 2。红鳍笛鲷(♀)-F1,F1-千年笛鲷(♂),红鳍笛鲷(♀)-千年笛鲷(♂)的遗传距离分别为0.397 2,0.317 0,0.854 1。从相似性指数、Nei多样性指数和Shannon信息指数均显示F1代有杂种优势,并找到了种间特异性标记。 相似文献
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微卫星标记在大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)家系系谱印证中的应用研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
用8个微卫星标记对大菱鲆7个人工选育家系进行了系谱鉴别和遗传多样性研究。8个微卫星位点的平均多态信息含量为0.6721,平均杂合度为0.7206。8个微卫星位点在7个家系分析中,共检测到40个等位基因,每个位点的等位基因数在38个之间,每个位点平均有5个等位基因。根据已知亲本及子代基因型,成功的推断出了7个家系中缺失亲本的基因型。在双亲未知的情况下8个微卫星位点累积排除概率是97.07%,已知单亲时累积排除概率达99.63%。用UPG-MA法对7个家系的137个子代个体进行了聚类分析,90.5%同一家系的子代个体能完全聚类到一起,分类结果与系谱来源基本一致。微卫星标记可以为大菱鲆混养家系进行亲权鉴定和系谱构建提供技术支持。 相似文献
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泥蚶及菲律宾蛤仔对环境中氨的耐受力 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对泥蚶成贝、幼贝,菲律宾蛤仔成贝、幼贝的未离解氨氮 168h LCD_(50),EC_(50)(降低耐低氧环境能力50%的浓度)进行了试验,并对氨的致死和亚致死浓度与内湾养虾水域(乳山东湾)、试验虾池及利用虾池水的试验贝池底质环境的氨氮水平作了概略评价。 相似文献
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川蔓藻是近海生态系统中重要的初级生产力。了解它的生态学特征对于河口海岸带的生态修复具有重要意义。本文结合在天津滨海湿地生态修复工程中对于川蔓藻的研究成果,从5个方面探讨了川蔓藻的生态学特征及其与环境的关系:(1)川蔓藻对极端环境因子的适应;(2)川蔓藻在资源分配上的繁殖策略;(3)川蔓藻的矿质营养代谢以及对生物地球化学过程的影响;(4)川蔓藻种群衰退的原因;(5)川蔓藻在环境修复中的应用。其中着重讨论了川蔓藻对环境变化的响应,并结合我们的研究工作展望了它在环境工程与近岸水体修复中的应用潜力。 相似文献
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2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸对细基江蓠孢子生长和存活的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以细基江蓠(Gracilaria tenuistipitata)的果孢子和四分孢子为实验材料,用不同浓度的(0,0.1,0.5,1,2,4,6 mg/L)生长激素2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)处理刚刚放散的孢子和附着2d孢子,研究其对果孢子和四分孢子附着和生长及存活的影响。与对照组相比,2,4-D使两种孢子的附着量明显降低;2.0~4.0mg/L的2,4-D可以极显著的促进孢子的生长(P<0.01);0.1~2.0mg/L的2,4-D提高孢子的存活率(P<0.01);6.0mg/L的2,4-D使得孢子的生长和存活率降低。综合以上指标,在细基江篱采孢子育苗时,孢子附着2~3d后用2,4-D处理孢子萌发体,以1.0~2.0mg/L为宜。 相似文献
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以海带(Laminaria ja ponica Aresch)为重点，综述了海带属褐藻生物学研究成就，介绍了海带属褐藻遗传育种技术、育苗技术和分子生物学研究进展。海带属褐藻生物学研究基础好，种质资源丰富，经济、生态价值高，是进行大型海藻遗传学和基因组学研究的理想材料。 相似文献