共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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《海洋技术学报》2017,(6)
星载海洋盐度计依据海表面盐度在微波波段的辐射特性,通过构建海面微波辐射探测器,利用海面辐射亮温、海表面粗糙度以及海面温度等信息反演得到海表面盐度,是实现全球海洋盐度观测的有效手段。构建合理的星载L波段盐度计辐射传输正演模型是准确定量反演海表盐度的基础,卫星盐度计观测亮温不仅与卫星固有参数有关,还与海洋、大气及空间因素密切相关。为了研究外界环境因素(海表盐度、温度、海面风场、海面气压、海表气温、大气水汽含量、降雨以及法拉第旋转角等)对盐度计观测亮温的影响,文中基于L波段盐度计辐射传输正演模型以及MPM93大气毫米波传播模型,通过敏感性分析,研究星载盐度计在不同环境条件下的参数敏感性,为减小外界因素对海表盐度反演精度的不利影响提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Aquarius是NASA于2011年6月发射的基于主被动遥感技术的盐度观测卫星,其主要载荷是一个工作于L波段的微波辐射计。Aquarius天线三波束扫描刈幅可达390km,在7d内完成对全球海域的盐度观测。海面风浪导致海面粗糙度的变化,进而影响海面微波辐射特性。粗糙海面辐射亮温是盐度信息提取的重要误差源,需要发展相应的海面辐射模型进行修正。本文利用Aquarius观测的海表亮温数据,与扫描微波辐射计WindSat测量数据进行时空匹配,建立了一个描述粗糙海面L波段辐射特性的参数化模型,进而利用该模型进行了海表盐度反演,并将反演结果与Argo实测盐度数据进行了比较。结果表明,本文发天展的参数化模型可以准确描述中低风速条件下的粗糙海面辐射,在12m/s以上高风速条件下对粗糙海面亮温存在高估;采用此模型反演的盐度误差优于0.5,在高风速条件下盐度反演误差可超过1。 相似文献
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微波辐射传输方程是海洋-大气微波遥感的理论基础,本文基于晴空条件下AMSR-E 10.7GHz水平与垂直极化亮温数据,将平静海面的亮温观测结果与4种海水相对电容率模型和2种大气水汽吸收模型的计算结果进行比较,确定了海水相对电容率模型与水汽吸收模型,基于上述模型和实测亮温数据反演了风致各项同性海面发射率,其与已有的经验模型结果基本一致,由此建立了星载微波辐射传输模型;利用建立的辐射传输模型计算亮温与AMSR-E观测亮温分别反演了海表面温度与海表面风速,验证了所建微波传输模型的有效性。本文的研究结果可为星载微波辐射计亮温定标、海洋地球物理参数提取奠定基础。 相似文献
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粗糙海面L 和C 双波段的代价函数多参量遥感反演分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用代价函数(cost function)方法,通过分析粗糙海面L和C双波段多极化遥感亮温对海表盐度、温度、风速和有效波高等参数的敏感性以及L和C双波段多极化的代价函数收敛特性,建立了反演海表盐度、温度、风速和有效波高等多参数的L和C双波段多极化代价函数模式。双波段遥感模式分析结果表明:(1)对于双参数的联合反演,L和C双波段垂直极化代价函数联合反演海表盐度和温度可以获得较好的反演结果。(2)L波段垂直极化和C波段水平极化代价函数联合反演海表盐度和风速较好。(3)对于三参数联合反演,L波段垂直极化和C波段的双极化联合反演盐度、温度和风速的精度较高。(4)L波段亮温对有效波高的敏感性较低(C波段经验模式不含有效波高),使得有效波高反演误差较大,L和C波段经验模式不适合反演有效波高参数。另外,为了定量分析L和C双波段代价函数的多参量遥感反演结果,采用加性噪音模拟亮温方法,对上述L和C双波段多极化模式的盐度、温度和风速等多参数联合反演误差进行了分析,均得出较好的结果。结论表明L和C双波段代价函数联合反演多参量可以明显提高参量反演精度,为粗糙海表面多参量的反演提供了新的方法和途径。 相似文献
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一维综合孔径微波辐射计能够有效提高观测的空间分辨率，其观测入射角通常在0°~55°范围内变化。为了开发适用于一维综合孔径微波辐射计的海面温度反演算法，需要评估其观测亮温对海洋大气环境要素的敏感性。利用海面发射率模型和大气辐射传输模型，构建了适用于一维综合孔径微波辐射计的微波海洋大气辐射传输模式，研究了C波段垂直和水平极化微波辐射亮温在不同入射角下对海洋大气环境要素的敏感性变化情况，并定量计算了相应的敏感系数。结果表明:垂直和水平极化亮温对海洋大气环境要素的敏感性表现出不同的特性。随着入射角的增大，垂直极化亮温对海面温度的敏感性增强，对海面风场的敏感性相对减弱；水平极化亮温则相反。由大气水汽含量和云液态水含量误差引入的垂直和水平极化亮温误差随入射角增大而增大，但是，即使在55°的大入射角下垂直和水平极化亮温误差仍小于0.12 K。对于海面温度反演精度优于1 K的要求，一维综合孔径微波辐射计的测温精度需优于0.6 K。研究结果对于一维综合孔径微波辐射计海面温度反演算法的研究和载荷设计具有一定的理论指导意义。 相似文献
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HY-2卫星扫描微波辐射计数据反演北极海冰漂移速度 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文基于最大互相关法,利用海洋二号（HY-2）卫星扫描微波辐射计37 GHz通道多时相垂直极化亮温数据,获取了北极海冰漂移速度。采用2012年和2013年国际北极浮标计划海冰现场观测数据,对利用微波辐射计亮温资料反演的冬季北极海冰漂移速度进行了定量验证,结果表明:流速和流向均方根误差分别为1.12 cm/s和16.37°,从一定程度上说明了HY-2卫星扫描微波辐射计亮温数据反演海冰漂移速度的可行性。此外,使用美国国防气象卫星F-17搭载的专用微波成像仪91 GHz通道垂直极化亮温,采用高斯拉普拉斯滤波方法进行处理,结合最大互相关法反演的海冰漂移速度,优于法国海洋开发研究院海冰漂移速度产品。 相似文献
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基于Argo浮标数据的星载微波辐射计Aquarius数据产品质量评估 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Aquarius是专门用于海洋盐度监测的L波段辐射计,于2011年6月发射入轨,目前已进入业务化运行阶段。本文以太平洋为研究区域,利用Argo盐度现场数据对星载微波辐射计Aquarius的2012年2级数据产品质量进行了分析与讨论,结果表明:与Argo数据比较,Aquarius数据盐度存在0.1的负偏差,标准差约为0.7,升轨和降轨数据差异不明显;受亮温陆地污染和无线电射频干扰的影响,近岸海域反演误差较大;海面温度较高的低纬海域反演结果优于中纬度海域;受亮温敏感性及粗糙海面发射率模型的影响,Aquarius在低温水域以及高风速条件下盐度反演误差较大,标准差可达1以上。 相似文献
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星载微波辐射计外定标的关键问题是通过辐射传输方程计算天线入瞳处亮温。根据辐射传输方程,海面成份对亮温的影响包括海面的微波辐射和对下行大气辐射的反射,其中的关键参数分别为海面发射率ep和海表面反射率R。文中对平静海面Fresnel反射率模式和粗糙海面反射率模式进行了研究分析,在此基础上着重研究了海面温度TS、海面盐度SS、海面风速W、以及观测角度θ等物理参数对海面发射率ep的影响,进而分析了这些物理参数的测量误差对亮温的计算精度的影响。 相似文献
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针对传统海表盐度遥感反演精度不高、影响因素较少等问题,本文基于SMAP（Soil Moisture Active Passive）卫星L2C（Level 2 C）数据、Argo（Array for Real-time Geostrophic Oceanography）数据和其他辅助数据,以太平洋部分海域（160°E～120°W,0°～30°N）为研究区域,综合考虑海面粗糙度以及白冠覆盖率等参量,利用径向基神经网络建立RBF亮温增量模型,并对平静海面亮温进行修正,然后基于Meissner-Wentz介电常数模型得到反演后的盐度值。验证结果表明：模型预测盐度和SMAP卫星盐度相对于Argo实测盐度的均方根误差分别为0.4和0.5,平均绝对误差分别为0.3和0.4。实验证明,利用RBF神经网络建立的亮温增量模型可以提高海表盐度反演的精度,对海表盐度反演具有实用意义。 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》1999,46(10):1779-1792
Many of the deep basins filled by hot brines in the Red Sea have not been investigated since their discovery in the early 1970s. Twenty years later, in September 1992, six of these deeps were revisited. The temperature and salinity of the Suakin, Port Sudan, Chain B, and Nereus deeps ranged from 23.25 to 44.60°C and from 144 to 270‰. These values were approximately the same in 1972, indicating that the budget of heat and salt was quite balanced. We measured strong gradients of properties in the transition zone between brines and overlying seawater. The contribution of salinity to the density gradient was more than one order of magnitude higher than the opposite contribution of temperature across the seawater–brine interface. Therefore the interface was extemely stable, and the transfer of properties across it was considered to be controlled mostly by molecular diffusion. We calculate that the diffusional transport of salt from the brines to seawater cannot affect significantly the salinity of the brines over a 20 year period, which agrees with the observations. The brine pools can persist for centuries with no salt input. Therefore, the persisence of brines does not correspond to a steady balance between diffusional loss and continuous input of hydrothermal solutions. Deeps that experience only episodical hydrothermal brine supplies may persist for a long time with salt inherited from past inputs. The theoretical loss of heat by diffusion from the brine to seawater was higher than the observed decrease in temperature of the brine pool during the 20 year period of observation. We calculated that the heat flux out of the pools into the overlying seawater was compensated by a heat flux into the pools of about 250–600 mW/m2. This range of values corresponds to bottom heat flow values that have been reported earlier for the axial zone of the Red Sea. In contrast to the other brine pools, the temperature and salinity of the Valdivia Deep brine increased by 4.1°C and 10‰, respectively, between 1972 and 1992, which is explained by present-day hydrothermal brine discharge. 相似文献
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表层海水盐度是海洋水文观测中十分重要的观测项目之一,对其连续观测数据进行统计分析,可获得本海域表层海水盐度状况及变化规律,对海上防灾减灾,促进海洋经济发展有着重要的意义。因此能否获取可靠的观测数据就非常重要。文章介绍一种浮标式的温盐传感器载体装置,由防缠绕固定模块、浮体配重模块和防护过滤模块3部分组成,既能防海水污损,又能减少物理（缠绕、振动、碰撞）因素的影响,大大提高了温盐传感器的使用寿命及观测数据的连续性和可靠性,并且维护方便,非常适合海洋站使用。 相似文献
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海水中的一氧化碳(CO)主要由溶解有色有机物(CDOM)光降解产生,且CO的光致生成量受到环境因素的影响。采集了胶州湾及其河口表层水样,通过实验室模拟实验开展了不同的环境条件(辐射强度、光照时间、温度、pH和盐度)以及水体中CDOM的来源对CO光致生成的影响研究。结果表明胶州湾海水中CO的光致生成速率随辐射强度的增强、水温的升高和水体pH的增大而增大;随着光照时间的延长、水体盐度的增大而逐渐减小;不同来源的CDOM对水体中CO的光致生成速率产生了不同的影响。 相似文献
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Compared with traditional real aperture microwave radiometers, one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometers have higher spatial resolution. In this paper, we proposed to retrieve sea surface temperature using a one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometer that operates at frequencies of 6.9 GHz, 10.65 GHz,18.7 GHz and 23.8 GHz at multiple incidence angles. We used the ERA5 reanalysis data provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and a radiation transmission forward model to calculate the model brightness temperature. The brightness temperature measured by the spaceborne one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometer was simulated by adding Gaussian noise to the model brightness temperature.Then, a backpropagation(BP) neural network algorithm, a random forest(RF) algorithm and two multiple linear regression algorithms(RE1 and RE2) were developed to retrieve sea surface temperature from the measured brightness temperature within the incidence angle range of 0°–65°. The results show that the retrieval errors of the four algorithms increase with the increasing Gaussian noise. The BP achieves the lowest retrieval errors at all incidence angles. The retrieval error of the RE1 and RE2 decrease first and then increase with the incidence angle and the retrieval error of the RF is contrary to that of RE1 and RE2. 相似文献
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胶州湾海水中一氧化碳光致生成影响因素的研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
海水中的一氧化碳(CO)主要由溶解有色有机物(CDOM)光降解产生,且CO的光致生成量受到环境因素的影响。采集了胶州湾及其河口表层水样,通过实验室模拟实验开展了不同的环境条件(辐射强度、光照时间、温度、pH和盐度)以及水体中CDOM的来源对CO光致生成的影响研究。结果表明胶州湾海水中CO的光致生成速率随辐射强度的增强、水温的升高和水体pH的增大而增大;随着光照时间的延长、水体盐度的增大而逐渐减小;不同来源的CDOM对水体中CO的光致生成速率产生了不同的影响。 相似文献
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《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2000,47(8):1583-1590
Over the next 5–10 years, the WOCE hydrographic program will generate reliable hydrographic data for the world oceans. The resultant conductivity salinity, temperature, and pressure data will generate calculated densities that will be used to examine mixing along constant density surfaces. Changes in the composition of deep waters due to the breakdown of plant material can effect the calculated densities at a given conductivity salinity. The increases in SiO2, nitrate, alkalinity, and TCO2 (or pH) can change the density of seawater as well as the conductivity. For studies of the salinity and density fields over small spatial scales, these changes will be small, but for large scale and ocean to ocean studies the differences can be significant. The density calculations based on the salinity determined from conductivity need to be adjusted for the offsets due to changes in the composition of seawater. This report describes how this correction should be made using existing information. 相似文献
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This paper discusses remote sensing (RS) of the major types of water bodies by means of microwave radiometry. The analysis is based on theoretical models and experimental data taken under laboratory conditions, in a pool, from a shore, and over the oceans using aircraft and satellites. The radiation is found to depend on wind speed and the geometry of ripples, gravity waves, swell, foam, and some physical and chemical parameters of water such as its temperature, salinity, and concentration of some types of polutants. The estimates of the effectiveness of the microwave radiometric method for determining the above mentioned water-surface parameters are given. Examples of the application of microwave radiometry to obtaining operational information about some of them are also presented. The types of water observed are the inland waters, fresh or with a high concentration of salts, clean or polluted, and the oceans. The paper is based on the theoretical and experimental investigations conducted by the author and his colleagues at the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of the Academy of Sciences in the USSR over the last 20 years. It also draws upon well-known Soviet and foreign publications. 相似文献