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1.
一维综合孔径微波辐射计能够有效提高观测的空间分辨率，其观测入射角通常在0°~55°范围内变化。为了开发适用于一维综合孔径微波辐射计的海面温度反演算法，需要评估其观测亮温对海洋大气环境要素的敏感性。利用海面发射率模型和大气辐射传输模型，构建了适用于一维综合孔径微波辐射计的微波海洋大气辐射传输模式，研究了C波段垂直和水平极化微波辐射亮温在不同入射角下对海洋大气环境要素的敏感性变化情况，并定量计算了相应的敏感系数。结果表明:垂直和水平极化亮温对海洋大气环境要素的敏感性表现出不同的特性。随着入射角的增大，垂直极化亮温对海面温度的敏感性增强，对海面风场的敏感性相对减弱；水平极化亮温则相反。由大气水汽含量和云液态水含量误差引入的垂直和水平极化亮温误差随入射角增大而增大，但是，即使在55°的大入射角下垂直和水平极化亮温误差仍小于0.12 K。对于海面温度反演精度优于1 K的要求，一维综合孔径微波辐射计的测温精度需优于0.6 K。研究结果对于一维综合孔径微波辐射计海面温度反演算法的研究和载荷设计具有一定的理论指导意义。 相似文献
2.
基于一维综合孔径微波辐射计的海面温度反演研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Due to the low spatial resolution of sea surface temperature(T_S) retrieval by real aperture microwave radiometers,in this study, an iterative retrieval method that minimizes the differences between brightness temperature(T_B)measured and modeled was used to retrieve sea surface temperature with a one-dimensional synthetic aperture microwave radiometer, temporarily named 1 D-SAMR. Regarding the configuration of the radiometer, an angular resolution of 0.43° was reached by theoretical calculation. Experiments on sea surface temperature retrieval were carried out with ideal parameters; the results show that the main factors affecting the retrieval accuracy of sea surface temperature are the accuracy of radiometer calibration and the precision of auxiliary geophysical parameters. In the case of no auxiliary parameter errors, the greatest error in retrieved sea surface temperature is obtained at low T_S scene(i.e., 0.710 6 K for the incidence angle of 35° under the radiometer calibration accuracy of0.5 K). While errors on auxiliary parameters are assumed to follow a Gaussian distribution, the greatest error on retrieved sea surface temperature was 1.330 5 K at an incidence angle of 65° in poorly known sea surface wind speed(W)(the error on W of 1.0 m/s) over high W scene, for the radiometer calibration accuracy of 0.5 K. 相似文献
3.
相比于实孔径微波辐射计,一维综合孔径微波辐射计具有高空间分辨率和多入射角观测特点。本文提出采用观测频率为6.9,10.65,18.7,23.8和36.5 GHz,且入射角范围为0°~65°的一维综合孔径微波辐射计遥感大气海洋环境要素。基于构建的微波大气海洋辐射传输正演模型,分析了辐射计亮温对大气海洋环境要素的敏感性,为辐射计关键指标确定和大气海洋环境要素反演算法设计提供技术支撑。结果表明：一维综合孔径微波辐射计的垂直和水平极化亮温对大气海洋环境要素的敏感性表现出不同特性,且敏感性随入射角的改变而变化显著;6.9和10.65 GHz对海面温度的敏感性较大,且随着入射角的增大,垂直极化亮温的敏感性增大,水平极化亮温的敏感性减小;10.65和18.7 GHz对海面风速的敏感性相对较大,且敏感性最大的风速区间位于10~20 m/s;23.8 GHz对大气水汽含量最敏感,且水汽含量较低、入射角较大时,敏感性越大;36.5 GHz对云液态水含量最敏感,随着入射角的增大,垂直极化亮温的敏感性减小,水平极化的敏感性增大,但两者均在液态水含量较小时表现出较大的敏感性。 相似文献
4.
HY-2卫星扫描微波辐射计数据反演北极海冰漂移速度 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文基于最大互相关法,利用海洋二号（HY-2）卫星扫描微波辐射计37 GHz通道多时相垂直极化亮温数据,获取了北极海冰漂移速度。采用2012年和2013年国际北极浮标计划海冰现场观测数据,对利用微波辐射计亮温资料反演的冬季北极海冰漂移速度进行了定量验证,结果表明:流速和流向均方根误差分别为1.12 cm/s和16.37°,从一定程度上说明了HY-2卫星扫描微波辐射计亮温数据反演海冰漂移速度的可行性。此外,使用美国国防气象卫星F-17搭载的专用微波成像仪91 GHz通道垂直极化亮温,采用高斯拉普拉斯滤波方法进行处理,结合最大互相关法反演的海冰漂移速度,优于法国海洋开发研究院海冰漂移速度产品。 相似文献
5.
To retrieve sea-surface salinity (SSS) from radiometer data at 1.4 GHz, auxiliary data of sea-surface temperature (SST), surface roughness and meteorological variables are needed. The authors study oceanic passive polarimetric microwave remote sensing using 1.4 GHz and 10.7 GHz bands. A set of algorithms are developed for 1.4 GHz and 10.7 GHz microwave polarimetric radiometer at 50° incidence angle to retrieve wind vector, as well as other geophysical parameters, such as SSS, SST, atmospheric volumes of water vapor and liquid water. Idealized retrievals are conducted using 2324 simulated brightness temperatures of full Stokes parameters at 1.4 GHz and 10.7 GHz. Results indicate that SSS, SST, sea-surface wind speed, direction, atmospheric volumes of water vapor and liquid water can be inversed at the same time. This suggests an alternative way for SSS remote sensing. 相似文献
6.
The European Space Agency will launch the first salinity satellite for remotely sensing the global soil moisture and ocean salinity (SMOS) at a sun-synchronous orbit in 2009. One of the payloads on the satellite is a synthetic aperture microwave radiometer (MIRAS), which is an innovative instrument designed as a two-dimensional (2D) interferometer for acquiring brightness temperature (TB) at L-band (1.4 GHz). MIRAS allows measuring TB at a series of incidences for full polarizations. As the satellite travels, a given location within the 2D field of view is observed from different incidence angles. The authors develop a new scheme to retrieve the sea-surface salinity (SSS) from SMOS’s TB at multi-incidence angles in a pixel, utilizing the properties of emissivity changing with incidence angles. All measurements of a given Stokes parameter in a pixel are first fitted to incidence angles in three order polynomial, and then the smoothed data are used for retrieving the SSS. The procedure will remove the random noise in TB greatly. Furthermore, the new method shows that the error in retrieved SSS is very sensitive to the system biases in the calibrated TB of the sensor, but the error in the retrieval is also a system bias, which can be corrected by post-launch validation. Therefore, this method may also serve as a means to evaluate the calibration precision in TB. 相似文献
7.
Kohtaro Hosoda 《Journal of Oceanography》2010,66(4):439-473
Satellite-based microwave radiometers can measure sea surface temperature (SST) over wide areas, even under cloud cover, owing
to the weak absorption of microwaves by cloud droplets. This advantage is not available in the case of infrared observations,
hence SST data derived from microwave radiometers have been widely used for operational and research purposes in recent years.
This paper reviews the significant algorithms, validations, and applications related to microwave observation of SST. The
history and specifications of past and present microwave radiometers are also documented. Various physical properties, including
sea surface salinity, sea surface wind, molecules in the atmosphere, and clouds, affect the accuracy of SST data estimated
by satellite-based microwave radiometers. Estimation algorithms are designed to correct these effects by using microwave measurements
in several frequency channels and by using data of ancillary geophysical parameters. Validation studies have shown that microwave
radiometer SST data have high accuracy that is comparable to the accuracy of data obtained from infrared measurements. However,
certain persistent problems, such as sea-surface wind correction, remain to be solved. 相似文献
8.
星载微波辐射计外定标的关键问题是通过辐射传输方程计算天线入瞳处亮温。根据辐射传输方程,海面成份对亮温的影响包括海面的微波辐射和对下行大气辐射的反射,其中的关键参数分别为海面发射率ep和海表面反射率R。文中对平静海面Fresnel反射率模式和粗糙海面反射率模式进行了研究分析,在此基础上着重研究了海面温度TS、海面盐度SS、海面风速W、以及观测角度θ等物理参数对海面发射率ep的影响,进而分析了这些物理参数的测量误差对亮温的计算精度的影响。 相似文献
9.
极区海冰影响大气和海洋环流，对全球气候变化起着重要的作用。海冰密集度是表征海冰时空变化特征的重要参数之一。本文研究了利用FY-3C微波扫描辐射计亮温数据反演极区海冰密集度的方法。经过时空匹配、线性回归，修正了FY-3C微波辐射计亮温数据。使用两种天气滤波器和海冰掩模滤除了大气影响所造成的开阔海域虚假海冰；使用最小密集度模板去除陆地污染效应。通过计算2016年、2017年极区海冰面积及范围两个参数，对得到的海冰密集度产品进行了验证，两年的海冰范围和面积趋势基本与NSIDC产品一致，平均差异小于3%。本研究结果为发布我国自主卫星的极区海冰密集度业务化产品奠定了基础，制作的产品可保障面临中断的40多年极区海冰记录的连续性。 相似文献
10.
基于星载微波辐射计的海洋大气参数反演算法研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用3个辐射传输模式对无冰无降水情况下的星载微波辐射计亮温测量进行仿真研究,通过模拟计算结果与同步卫星数据之间的比较分析,确定了用于反演算法研究的前向模式;利用该模式,提出了基于物理的星载微波辐射计海洋大气参数(包括海面风速、海表温度、大气垂直积分水汽量以及积分液态水量)多重线性回归算法。 相似文献
11.
12.
The present work describes the various corrections necessary in order to deduce ocean surface temperature fromS -band microwave radiometer measurements and applies these results to a series of data obtained with a high absolute accuracy radiometer. Measurements made with a 2.65 GHz radiometer from an aircraft flown over the Chesapeake Bay area are presented and compared in detail with accurately obtained sea truth data. For the calm sea, it was found that the observed brightness temperature agreed well with that calculated from the known sea surface and atmospheric properties over a fairly wide range of surface salinity values (0.2 per mille to 25 per mille). For cases where the surface wind speeds are of the order of 7 to 15 knots, an excess brightness temperature was observed which is attributable to surface roughness and microscale surface disturbances. The excess brightness temperature dependence on wind speed was found to correlate to a certain extent with the rms wave slope dependence on wind speed. 相似文献
13.
Radiometric calibration algorithms for processing Seasat scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR) flight data are presented. An equation is derived which accounts for losses and reradiation in the microwave components and nonlinearities in the radiometer. The application of pre-launch calibration data to this derivation is described. A performance evaluation of the post-launch operation of the algorithm is presented, indicating temperature resolution of 0.63 K at 6.6 GHz and 1.39 K at 37 GHz. 相似文献
14.
A scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR) has been designed for the Nimbus-G spacecraft and incorporated also into the SeaSat-A payload for the primary purpose of determining sea surface temperatures and wind stress on a nearly all-weather basis. Observations of microwave polarization components will be made at wavelengths of 0.8, 1.4, 1.7, 2.8, and 4.6 cm over a swath 822 km wide below the Nimbus-G and 595 km wide below the SeaSat-A spacecraft. The smallest spatial resolution cell is about 20 km at a wavelength of 0.8 cm, and proportionately larger at the other wavelengths. Using algorithms based on a combination of experimental data and physical models for converting the observed brightness temperatures, the indicated accuracies of the results (excluding conditions of significant rainfall) are within 1 K for sea surface temperature and 2 m/s for surface wind speeds, over a range from 0-50 m/s. 相似文献
15.
SHI Lijiang LU Peng CHENG Bin KARVONEN Juh WANG Qimao LI Zhijun HAN Hongwei 《海洋学报(英文版)》2015,34(3):42-50
A retrieval algorithm of arctic sea ice concentration(SIC) based on the brightness temperature data of "HY-2" scanning microwave radiometer has been constructed. The tie points of the brightness temperature were selected based on the statistical analysis of a polarization gradient ratio and a spectral gradient ratio over open water(OW), first-year ice(FYI), and multiyear ice(MYI) in arctic. The thresholds from two weather filters were used to reduce atmospheric effects over the open ocean. SIC retrievals from the "HY-2" radiometer data for idealized OW, FYI, and MYI agreed well with theoretical values. The 2012 annual SIC was calculated and compared with two reference operational products from the National Snow and Ice Data Center(NSIDC) and the University of Bremen. The total ice-covered area yielded by the "HY-2" SIC was consistent with the results from the reference products. The assessment of SIC with the aerial photography from the fifth Chinese national arctic research expedition(CHINARE) and six synthetic aperture radar(SAR) images from the National Ice Service was carried out. The "HY-2" SIC product was 16% higher than the values derived from the aerial photography in the central arctic. The root-mean-square(RMS) values of SIC between "HY-2" and SAR were comparable with those between the reference products and SAR, varying from 8.57% to 12.34%. The "HY-2" SIC is a promising product that can be used for operational services. 相似文献
16.
Assessment of the initial sea surface temperature product of the scanning microwave radiometer aboard on HY-2 satellite 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
ZHAO Yili ZHU Jianhu LIN Mingsen CHEN Chuntao HUANG Xiaoqi WANG He ZHANG Youguang PENG Hailong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(1):109-113
HY-2 satellite is the first satellite for dynamic environmental parameters measurement of China,which was launched on 16th August 2011.A scanning microwave radiometer（RM） is carried for sea surface temperature（SST）,sea surface wind speed,columnar water vapor and columnar cloud liquid water detection.In this paper,the initial SST product of RM was validated with in-situ data of National Data of Buoy Center（NDBC） mooring and Argo buoy.The validation results indicate the accuracy of RM SST is better than 1.7 C.The comparison of RM SST and WindSat SST shows the former is warmer than the latter at high sea surface wind speed and the difference between these SSTs is depend on the sea surface wind speed.Then,the relationship between the errors of RM SST and sea surface wind speed was analyzed using NDBC mooring measurements.Based on the results of assessment and errors analysis,the suggestions of taking account of the affection of sea surface wind speed and using sea surface wind speed and direction derived from the microwave scatteromter aboard on HY-2 for SST product calibration were given for retrieval algorithm improvement. 相似文献
17.
基于Argo浮标数据的星载微波辐射计Aquarius数据产品质量评估 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Aquarius是专门用于海洋盐度监测的L波段辐射计,于2011年6月发射入轨,目前已进入业务化运行阶段。本文以太平洋为研究区域,利用Argo盐度现场数据对星载微波辐射计Aquarius的2012年2级数据产品质量进行了分析与讨论,结果表明:与Argo数据比较,Aquarius数据盐度存在0.1的负偏差,标准差约为0.7,升轨和降轨数据差异不明显;受亮温陆地污染和无线电射频干扰的影响,近岸海域反演误差较大;海面温度较高的低纬海域反演结果优于中纬度海域;受亮温敏感性及粗糙海面发射率模型的影响,Aquarius在低温水域以及高风速条件下盐度反演误差较大,标准差可达1以上。 相似文献
18.
A review of contemporary methods for determining integrated parameters of the water content in the atmosphere―atmospheric water-vapor content and cloud liquid-water content―is presented. Fields of these parameters can only be mapped spatially on the basis of using data of satellite measurements. The least errors of the retrieval of atmospheric water-vapor content and cloud liquid-water content is provided by methods based on using measurements of the satellite-borne scanning multichannel microwave radiometers over the ice-free ocean areas in the absence of precipitation. Most methods for retrieving the atmospheric water-vapor content and cloud liquid-water content from the data of microwave radiometers are based on results of numerical simulation of brightness temperatures of the upwelling microwave radiation of the ocean–atmosphere system. The evolution of satellite-borne microwave radiometers and methods for the retrieval of integrated parameters of water content is presented. 相似文献
19.
The Seasat scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR): Instrument description and performance
The scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR) is an imaging 5-frequency radiometer flown on the Seasat and Nimbus-7 earth satellites launched in 1978. It measures dual-polarized microwave radiances from the earth's atmosphere and surface, primarily for the purpose of deriving global and nearly all-weather measurements of sea surface temperature, wind speed, and atmospheric liquid water and water vapor. This paper describes the SMMR instrument and its calibration, antenna pattern measurements, and data processing procedures. Analysis of early data from the Seasat SMMR shows that the expected engineering performance in flight was achieved, and the measurement of sea surface temperature and wind speed with accuracies of 1.5 K and 2 m/s, respectively, may be achievable once the geophysical data processing algorithms and analysis have been completed. 相似文献
20.
The history of research and development that led to the successful demonstration of the four microwave remote sensing instruments on Seasat (the scatterometer, radiometer, altimeter, and synthetic aperture radar (SAR)) is briefly reviewed in this paper. 相似文献