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一个城市或地区的承灾能力主要看其基础设施的承灾能力,其中最重要的一个部分就是生命线系统的承灾能力。在分析评价生命线系统承灾能力时,不仅要考察复杂性、均衡性和可靠性这些网络特征,还要考虑各子系统间的关联性。这种关联对生命线系统整体的承灾能力有削弱作用。根据复杂系统脆性理论的思想和脆性联系熵的方法,提出了用系统综合脆性联系熵来反映和评价生命线系统整体的关联特性,并通过判断各子系统间的相互影响关系,量化了生命线系统整体的易损性。经耦联关系分析和计算,灾害破坏下,从生命线系统相互作用来看,电力系统受其他子系统的影响最大;而由于供水系统的关键性和其影响方式的不确定性,灾后首先要恢复的是供水系统的工作或供给。证明了该方法为优化系统组织管理、控制灾后的修复工作和协调子系统间的关系提供了依据。 相似文献
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地震灾场模拟及救援虚拟仿真训练系统研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
实践证明,开展地震紧急救援工作是防震减灾的关键举措之一,是震后最大程度减少人员伤亡的必要政府行为。"科学救援"是现代救援的重要理念,如何确保"双安全",即幸存者和救援人员本身的安全是救援行动中最为重要的问题。救援技能和水平的提高依靠科学的培训,现实的情况往往无法不断提供大震巨灾的模拟训练环境,而虚拟仿真技术可以构建出逼真的虚拟震灾场景和救援废墟环境。不同规模的虚拟地震灾场,能让救援队员了解严酷的真实救援环境,并可根据具体虚拟废墟开展救援策略和方法的研讨。由此可见,开展灾场模拟和虚拟仿真训练系统对救援训练来说,具有极其重要的现实意义。本文对地震灾害场景仿真模拟技术与方法、地震救援虚拟仿真训练系统等开展初步的探索性研究。主要研究内容摘要如下: 相似文献
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传统基于云计算的地理位置定位方法进行目标定位时需要分析大量的地理数据信息,造成目标定位过程复杂且容易出现定位差错。提出新的地震灾后区域无人机GPS遥感定位方法,其功能包括遥感传感子系统、遥感空中控制子系统、无人机平台、无人机地面控制子系统、三维模型影像重建以及目标定位分析。重建地震灾区的三维影像模型时,先提取地震灾区的DEM数据,将无人机GPS遥感测量得到的影像纹理映射到DEM上,构建地震灾区的三维地物模型;目标定位分析采用测距目标定位法,利用无人机在不同位置对目标进行定位分析,实现对地震灾后区域的定位分析,得到目标的坐标结果。实验结果说明,所提方法能提高目标定位的精度,缩短目标定位用时。 相似文献
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针对传统地震数据机房存在业务扩展成本高且周期长、维护繁琐、无法保障重要业务系统的无故障连续运作等问题,采用虚拟化云计算技术,实现地震行业网的私有云服务。华为FusionCompute云服务系统将主机、存储等物理资源虚拟化,并整合为统一资源,供多个虚拟机使用,行业专网内运维人员通过用户接口远程访问云平台,在虚拟机上可快速、高效地按需搭建业务系统。地震私有云平台不仅减少业务扩展运营期间的设备采购、系统搭建、运行维护等人力和物力投入,且通过FusionCompute的迁移技术,实现业务系统的"零宕机"服务。 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2014,(4)
正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and 相似文献
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George W. Housner 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2008,7(2):I0001-I0001
Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study 相似文献
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JianCheng Shi 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(10):2281-2282
正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases 相似文献
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Dissolved total carbohydrates (DTCH), dissolved free monosaccharides (DFMS), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biodegradable DOC (BDOC), and humic substances (HS) were measured in White Clay Creek (WCC), a stream in southeastern Pennsylvania Piedmont, USA. Samples were collected over different seasons and under baseflow and stormflow conditions. DOC concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 12.8 mg/L C with the highest concentrations associated with stormflows. Carbohydrates ranged from 0.42 to 12.4 μM and accounted for 2.9 to 12.7% of the DOC. Humic substances represented the major DOC fraction, accounting for 55 to 72% of the DOC pool under all flow conditions. The humic fraction had a lower carbohydrate content (4.4%) than the non-humic fraction of DOC (7.2%). Stormflow DOC was enriched in carbohydrates relative to baseflow DOC, but the percentage of humic-C changed little. Carbohydrates were primarily present as dissolved polysaccharides (55%), but a significant fraction was bound to humic substances (40%), while a small proportion was present as monosaccharides (5%). The major monosaccharides in stream water, listed in order of decreasing concentration, included glucose, galactose, rhamnose, xylose, arabinose, mannose, and fucose. On average (30.6 ± 7.4)% (n = 44) of the stream water DOC was biodegradable, and carbohydrates accounted for 9.9 to 17.7% of the BDOC. 相似文献