共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 875 毫秒
1.
C4植物水分利用效率高于C3植物,CAM植物具有最高的水分利用效率。在我国荒漠地区,CAM植物稀少,C4植物,特别是C4木本植物在荒漠生态系统中具有重要地位和作用。我国荒漠地区有C4木本植物45种,包括半木本植物,占我国荒漠植物总种数的6%,集中在藜科和蓼科,分别为19种和26种。C4草本植物共计107种,其中单子叶植物48种,双子叶植物59种。C4木本植物主要分布在贺兰山以西的西北干旱荒漠区。C4草本植物的耐旱性和抗旱能力不如C4木本植物,主要分布在荒漠地区潜水埋深较浅,水分条件较好的区域,在绿洲边缘广泛分布。C4木本植物丰度与干旱紧密相关,C4草本植物丰度随湿润条件而增加。 相似文献
2.
阿拉善荒漠典型植物功能群氮、磷化学计量特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
氮（N）、磷（P）作为荒漠生态系统重要的养分元素和限制性因子,在维持植物功能群组成及结构稳定、生态系统内养分循环中发挥着重要的作用。本研究沿水热梯度从东至西在阿拉善荒漠设置52个调查样地,通过对优势植物的调查取样,分析了荒漠植物不同功能（类）群N、P元素的生态化学计量特征,并就N、P含量及N：P值对荒漠植物的限制性作用进行了检验和讨论。结果显示：（1）所调查阿拉善荒漠区植物叶片的N、P含量分别为10.65±7.91 mg·g-1和1.04±0.81 mg·g-1,N：P值为11.53±5.06,叶片N含量与P含量及N：P值均显著正相关,P含量与N：P值显著负相关;通过对比分析认为该区植物同时受到N、P双重制约,且更易受N限制。（2）从植物生活型比较,认为草本植物叶片N、P含量均高于灌木植物叶片,而灌木植物叶片的N：P值大于草本植物;对光合作用途径分析发现,C3植物叶片N含量高于C4植物叶片,而C4植物叶片P含量高于C3植物叶片;从系统发育类型方面分析,认为单子叶植物叶片N含量低于双子叶植物叶片N含量,而P含量则高于双子叶植物叶片P含量。 相似文献
3.
Plant functional types and climate along a precipitation gradient in temperate grasslands, north-east China and south-east Mongolia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jian Ni 《Journal of Arid Environments》2003,53(4):501-516
Using data from three field surveys along a precipitation gradient of temperate grasslands in north-east China (the Northeast China Transect, NECT) and south-east Mongolia, the spatial distribution of six plant functional types (PFTs): C3 species, C4 species, grasses, shrubs, forbs and succulents and their relationships with climate were analysed. The spatial distribution of different PFTs varies in different regions and in different grassland types of the study area. The species richness in each PFT also has different relationships with climate (significantly or not). Generally, the number of C3 species, C4 species, grasses and forbs have positive relationships with precipitation and aridity. Shrubs have negative relationship with precipitation and aridity. Succulents were found to have no relationship with precipitation and aridity. Shrubs, grasses and forbs have stronger relationships with precipitation than C3 and C4 species. The relationships between C3 species, forbs and aridity are more significant than with precipitation. On a regional basis, the combined effect of precipitation and temperature, the aridity, is more significantly correlated with the distribution of C3 species and forbs, which are more dominant in the study area, than with C4 species, grasses and succulents. 相似文献
4.
人工生物土壤结皮（Biological Soil Crusts, BSCs）指通过人工培养加速形成的BSCs,可用于沙化土地治理。目前关于人工BSCs的研究多在藻种选择与培养、接种方法优化及野外拓殖等方面,缺少其对荒漠生态系统功能恢复作用的研究。为探讨人工BSCs对草本植物多样性等荒漠生态系统功能恢复的影响,以腾格里沙漠东南缘人工BSCs与流沙为研究对象,对人工BSCs属性以及草本植物的组成、生长和多样性进行了研究。结果表明：人工BSCs样地共有9种草本植物,隶属于4科9属,其中苋科（Amaranthaceae）种数最多,其次为禾本科（Gramineae）,优势种为砂蓝刺头（Echinops gmelini）。对照组流沙的草本植物总盖度8%、生物量11.63 g·m-2、丰富度0.71、多度1.00;人工BSCs草本植物的总盖度11%—19%、生物量80.00—179.70 g·m-2、丰富度1.67—3.67、多度4.33—16.78。人工BSCs盖度与草本植物盖度为二次函数关系,而人工BSCs属性与草本植物的盖度、生物量、丰富度、多度均呈显著正相关关系。因此,人工BSCs形成与发育有利于草本植物的生长和多样性的恢复,加快了荒漠生态系统功能恢复。 相似文献
5.
荒漠植物群落物种多样性及其测度指标比较 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：8
多样性指数及其测度指标的选择是群落多样性测度研究的基础,选择反映群落物种多样性、丰富度、优势度和均匀度的10种测定指数,分别以多度、盖度和重要值为测度指标,对克拉玛依农业综合开发区外围荒漠植物群落的物种多样性进行了定量测定,并对所选择的多样性指数进行了相关性分析和主成分分析。分析结果表明：对于荒漠植物群落,以重要值为测度指标的群落物种多样性、丰富度、优势度、均匀度测定结果比以多度和盖度为测度指标的测定结果更为合理;在多样性测定指数中,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数反映的群落多样性更为合理;荒漠植物群落的均匀度指数与多样性指数的相关性比丰富度指数与多样性指数的相关性高,说明物种组成相对稀少的荒漠植物群落其物种多样指数的高低主要取决于物种在群落中的均匀度。 相似文献
6.
7.
碳是贯穿自然和社会的首要元素之一,碳循环是自然和社会系统的重要纽带。陆地生态系统的自然固碳途径有2种,一种是植物碳同化,另一种是土壤碳同化,人们一直关注植物的有机固碳,对于土壤的无机固碳重视不够。本文回顾了中国荒漠区固碳能力强的C4木本植物和土壤无机固碳研究进展。通过解剖结构观察、δ13C值和气体交换特征全面分析得出,荒漠植物梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）和沙拐枣（Calligonum mongolicum）为典型的C4木本植物,梭梭同化枝有大量的含晶细胞,沙拐枣同化枝有大量的黏液细胞。干旱区荒漠的非生物固碳能力至今缺乏合理解释。通过对戈壁、沙漠和壤质荒漠土壤无机碳密度和碳储量分析,提出了土壤碳同化（soil carbon assimilation）概念,并给出了土壤碳同化途径的3个阶段,解释了土壤无机固碳这一现象;与植物碳同化比较,土壤碳同化是荒漠固碳的主要途径。最后,展望了荒漠C4木本植物和土壤碳同化的研究方向及对中国2060年前实现碳中和目标的可能贡献。 相似文献
8.
In the field of phylogenetic analyses, the rbcL gene encoded large subunit Ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco, EC4.1.1.39), which plays a crucial role in the process of photosynthesis for most terrestrial plants, has been considered to be conserved; however, recent controversy regarding rbcL conservation has appeared since it was proposed to be under natural selection within all principal lineages of land plants. In this study, by examining the variation of DNA and protein sequences among 17 species in the family Tamaricaceae, three nonsynonymous mutations were identified to be under positive selection. The favored sites were located in the alph-helix domains of Rubisco, with decreased hydrophobicity and increased entropy, which could facilitate CO2 penetration into the active site of Rubisco. We also found that the expression level of rbcL in different genotypes of Reaumuria soongarica shifted in response to various stresses such as drought, temperature, salt, and light. This study not only sheds light on the functional/structural features of Rubisco in the evolution scenarios from C3-like into C4 in Tamaricaceae but also provides useful information on directing genetic performance to enhance photosynthesis efficiency of desert plants for sustaining fragile desert ecosystems; furthermore, it promotes the ability to cope with desert aridification and global warming. 相似文献
9.
Several environmental factors potentially influence the stable isotope compositions of plants, depending on species and local environment. Although several studies have discussed these aspects in C3 and C4 plants, only a few have attempted to identify the major drivers of δ13C, δ18O, and δ15N in CAM plants. In this study, stable isotopic ratios of CAM plants collected along an altitudinal transect in the Chisos Mountains/USA during two growth seasons, are used to understand major factors governing isotopic variability. A strong and significant relationship between δ13C and altitude, positive for agave at <1700 m and negative for both agave and cacti at >1500 m, suggests variable carbon isotope fractionation at different altitudes, which may be unique to CAM plants. Our data suggest that temperature primarily governs δ13C of the studied plants. The significant negative correlations observed between the δ18O of agaves and the recorded air temperature (0.59‰/°C) are similar to the δ18O of precipitation vs. temperature variability in global data. The δ15N variations suggest a similar N-source for both agaves and cacti, and reflect progressive changes in the dominant N-source across desert–grassland–woodland zones. We conclude that the stable carbon and oxygen isotope composition of agave reflects the climatic conditions along the elevation transect. 相似文献
10.
Carbon and oxygen isotope ratios of bone apatite were measured in 14 endothermic and ectothermic vertebrates native to the Chihuahuan Desert and collected in June and July of 1999 and 2000. The δ8O values of most reptiles were very high, up to 44‰ (standard mean ocean water (SMOW), some of the highestδ18 O values ever measured for an animal. The δ18O values of rodents and birds were lower (32±5‰ vSMOW), and the earless lizard Holbrookia maculata were the lowest of all species analysed (25‰). Omnivorous grasshopper mice (Onychomys torridus) had lower δ18O values than granivorous rodents. Results from oxygen analysis likely reflect variation in diet and body water flux differences between endotherms and ectotherms. Carbon isotope analysis revealed a dramatic shift in diet from C3 plants in 1999 to C4 plants in 2000 in most rodents and birds. Kangaroo rats and reptiles did not change, having a constantδ13 C value indicative of a C3-based diet in both years. This suggests reliance on winter annual plant seed caches for kangaroo rats, but not other rodents. The carbon isotope data can be explained in terms of seasonal differences within and between years in the timing and intensity of the seasonal rainfall events, and the productivity of summer and winter annual plants. This study illustrates that stable isotope analysis is a powerful method for tracking dietary change and feeding behavior in desert vertebrates. 相似文献
11.
荒漠河岸植被的受损过程与受损机理分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
以塔里木河多年平均地下水位数据为依据,将地下水位划分为6个环境梯度,各梯度上6次重复采集植被样地数据。从物种多样性、植被盖度与群落类型等几方面分析了植被的受损过程,以及导致此过程的受损机理。结果表明：(1) 草本植物丰富度受损发生在地下水埋深大于4 m,而木本植物丰富度受损发生在地下水埋深大于8 m。(2) 植被盖度减少始于草本植物盖度受损,与群落多样性受损的临界地下水位相同,发生在地下水埋深大于4 m;在地下水埋深大于6 m之后,植被盖度不断减少则是由木本植物盖度的减少所引起。(3) 群落类型受损体现在芦苇群落和胡杨林群落的结构与类型变化上,芦苇群落的衰退演变出现了优势种的更替,而胡杨林群落中优势种的优势地位没有变化。(4) 此受损过程是由荒漠河岸生态系统脆弱的生态基质和外界干扰共同作用的结果,起因于人口的增加、需求的增长。植被退化是人类干扰作用于植被赖以生存的环境主导因子所致。在生态受损过程中,植物功能型差异与所承受的干扰强度差异对植被退化的程度有一定影响。 相似文献
12.
Gen Wang Yongli Wang Zhifu Wei Baoxiang Wu Zixiang Wang Zepeng Sun Liang Xu Youxiao Wang 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2017,58(2):243-256
Paleoclimate and paleovegetation changes over the last 40 cal ka were recorded by multiple variables in a sediment core from Qingshi, Wudalianchi City, northeast China. The history of vegetation types inferred from n-C27/n-C31 and average chain length of n-alkanes indicates the paleovegetation went through several distinct stages, consistent with pollen records from the study area. Compound-specific carbon isotope composition was also determined for C27, C29 and C31 n-alkanes in the Qingshi core sediments. The relative abundance of C3 and C4 plants was calculated using a binary model and indicates that C3 plants were the dominant input during the last glacial and Holocene. There were, however, shifts in the ratio of C3 to C4 vegetation abundance that correspond to changes in climate conditions. Generally, the long-term trend towards greater C4 plant abundance from the last glacial to Holocene correlated with an increase in pCO2, higher temperature, greater precipitation and more growing season precipitation. Our results suggest that temperature and seasonality of precipitation played a strong role in altering the relative abundance of C3 and C4 plants in the study area. These results provide information for predicting future vegetation changes in response to on-going global warming. 相似文献
13.
Stable carbon isotopes of soil organic matter from 12 sites in the southern Chinese Loess Plateau are reviewed to examine spatial and temporal patterns of C3 and C4 plants in the arid to semiarid monsoonal region during three key periods - last glacial maximum, mid-Holocene, and modern. We have tentatively corrected the effects of atmospheric CO2 concentrations and precipitation amounts on the δ13C endmembers for C3 plants to reconstruct the relative proportion of C4 plants because the δ13C values of C3 plants are variable under different CO2 and climate conditions. The results indicate that C4 grasses increase from northwest to southeast spatially, which is consistent with present-day increasing precipitation and temperature patterns. This suggests that for a monsoon-dominant arid to semiarid region, such as the Loess Plateau, warm-season rainfall is a primary factor limiting C4 plants growth, and thus C4 grasses have been outcompeted by C3 grasses/shrubs under cold-dry climate conditions. However, temporal fluctuations in atmospheric CO2 concentration may also affect plant growth through altering water-use efficiency (WUE). Enhanced drought caused by decreased WUE due to low atmospheric CO2 concentrations during glacial periods, combined with a cold-dry climate, leads to a decline in C4 grasses, canceling out any advantages gained from lowered atmospheric CO2 concentrations. To reconstruct accurately the abundance of C3 and C4 plants in an ecosystem and explore their controlling factors, process-based vegetation models integrating CO2 and climatic parameters interactive with plant physiology are necessary. 相似文献
14.
氮素添加对黄土高原荒漠草原草本植物物种多样性和生产力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解大气氮沉降对荒漠草原植物物种多样性和生产力的影响,在黄土高原荒漠草原区进行了氮素添加试验,研究了氮素添加量对草本植物物种多样性和植物生产力的短期影响.结果表明:随氮素添加量的增加,群落Margalef物种丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数显著减小,中,高水平氮素添加处理下,群落Margalef物种丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数分别比对照下降了39.14%、47.07% 和25.57%、31.52%.随氮素添加量的增加,主要优势植物种相对重要值增大;处于弱势的伴生植物种在氮素添加后从群落中消失.氮素添加后,群落生产力显著提高,尤其是低水平氮添加时生产力增加量最大.氮素增加在短期内即可以提高黄土高原荒漠草原草本植物群落生产力,促进优势种群的生长,抑制不占主要地位的伴生种的生长,改变物种组成并降低物种多样性. 相似文献
15.
C4植物以其较高的水分利用效率而表现出较强利用荒漠环境有限降水的能力,但对其气孔行为和气体交换对降水响应的理解并不深入。本研究选择荒漠区沙丘上6~7年生的梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron),利用自制的降水拦截设施,将每次降水事件后样地中接受的降水量分别减少和增加10%、20%和30%,形成包括对照在内的7个降水梯度,研究梭梭气孔导度(Gs)与净光合速率(Pn)对典型降水事件的响应。结果表明:6~12mm的降水对土壤水分的补给集中在50cm土壤深度范围内。降水量每增加10%,Gs和Pn分别增加9.17%和4.17%;Gs和Pn在降水前后呈现先增加后降低的单峰型趋势,峰值出现在降水后第1天,两者与土壤水分含量(SVWC)、空气相对湿度(RH)以及水汽压差(VPD)显著相关。降水后梭梭黎明前叶水势在-2.08~-2.74 MPa时叶片气体交换主要受气孔因素影响,而当叶水势降至-3.16MPa以下时主要受非气孔因素控制。 相似文献
16.
荒漠植被蒸腾过程是研究干旱区生态水文过程的关键一环。当前对植物蒸腾过程模拟的发展方向是光合-气孔导度-蒸腾过程耦合模型,将植物叶片的水碳交换过程通过气孔导度模型耦合起来,从而反映植物生理生态对植物蒸腾的影响特征,也揭示水分胁迫是如何影响植物生长过程的。中国干旱区水分环境是特殊的,温带荒漠植物的生理生态对干旱环境下水分条件的响应过程也是独特的,这决定了荒漠植物蒸腾过程特征的独特性,也使得当前先进的水碳耦合蒸腾模拟方法针对中国荒漠植物需要进行有针对性的修改。这些修改的关键包括对干旱区荒漠植物SPAC水分运动过程、植物水分胁迫的生理生态响应规律和荒漠植物气孔导度变化规律等的理解和模拟。相关的国内研究近些年已经有了一些开展,部分领域也得出了许多有意义和可以借鉴的结论。但是围绕蒸腾模型建立所必需的一些水碳交换过程规律的深入认识和模拟等方面,目前的研究没有比较好的支撑,还需要进一步深入研究。 相似文献
17.
Qing Sun Manman Xie Liming Shi Zhuyue Zhang Yuan Lin Wenyu Shang Kaijun Wang Wei Li Jiaqi Liu Guoqiang Chu 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2013,50(3):331-344
Annually laminated sediments in Lake Xiaolongwan, northeast China, contain a suite of n-alkanes (C17–C33) with a strong odd over even carbon number predominance. Biomarker n-alkane proxies (average chain length, Paq ratio, grass/tree ratio, carbon preference index and compound-specific δ13C values) were used to reconstruct climate changes that occurred over the last millennium. Compound-specific δ13C values show large differences between the distinctive chain length groups of n-alkanes that originate from algae, aquatic macrophytes and terrestrial plants. Long-chain n-alkanes (C27–C33) are predominantly derived from leaf wax lipids in the forest. Variations in long-chain n-alkane δ13C values may mainly record water-use efficiency, inasmuch as the contribution from C4 plants is negligible in the Lake Xiaolongwan catchment. Short- and middle-chain n-alkanes are mainly from algae and aquatic plants. They are strongly depleted in 13C. This feature may be linked to a methane-derived, negative δ13C pool and lake overturn, which regulates dinoflagellate blooms. Parallel fluctuations are observed in δ13C27–31 values, Paq, and the grass/tree ratio throughout the record. Variations in δ13C27–31 values and Paq are in agreement with historical documents on summer and winter climate conditions. They support earlier suggestions that δ13C values in the long-chain n-alkanes and Paq may be useful indicators of effective precipitation or drought stress in this forested area. The δ13C27–31 index and Paq show distinct decadal variations. Periods with high δ13C27–31 values and a low Paq index correspond with the warm phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Values are reversed during PDO cool phases. At the decadal timescale, summer monsoon rainfall in northeast China over the last millennium may have been regulated mainly by the PDO. 相似文献
18.
黄河三角洲新生湿地植物群落分布格局 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为阐明黄河三角洲新生湿地植被群落的分布格局,以1996年后新淤积形成的湿地植被为研究对象,选取9个典型植被群落过渡带,测定分析其群落数量特征,以期能为更好的保护与管理黄河三角洲新生湿地提供数据支持。调查结果显示：黄河三角洲新生湿地植被群落沿河向海的方向呈同心环状发展,呈现出较明显的条带状。自河岸向海岸,植物的耐盐性逐渐提高。草本植物自河岸、海岸向中心陆地演替,而木本植物则由中心陆地向河岸、海岸演替。物种丰富度及香农-威纳（Shannon-Wiener）多样性指数自河岸向海岸,先升高后降低。土壤含盐量的变化与植物群落的组成结构之间具有密切关系,这说明土壤含盐量是影响黄河三角洲新生湿地植被分布格局的主要因子。 相似文献
19.
在哈尔滨市阿勒锦岛国家湿地公园,采用样线和样方调查法,对野生种子植物进行了野外调查,研究该湿地公园野生种子植物的多样性和区系特征。在该湿地公园共记录野生种子植物58科170属272种(包括2亚种和2变种),都为被子植物。其中,物种数较多的科有禾本科(Gramineae)(48种)、菊科(Compositae)(37种)和莎草科(Cyperaceae)(21种);物种数较多的属有薹草属(Carex)(12种)、蓼属(Polygonum)(8种)和委陵菜属(Potentilla)(6种)。在该湿地公园分布着落叶阔叶林、落叶阔叶灌丛、草甸、草本沼泽和水生植被共5种植被类型,分布的植物区系主要为榆树群系(Form.Ulmus pumila)、柳属群系(Form.Salix)和芦苇群系(Form.Phragmites australis)等,与草本植物群系相比,木本植物群系的多样性水平相对较高。该湿地公园内野生种子植物区系与世界分布类型具有普遍联系,特有程度较低,在科、属、种水平上都表现为典型的温带属性,同时在种的水平上有热带、亚寒带—寒带类型植物物种的渗透。 相似文献
20.
Despite the enormous applications of photosynthesis in global carbon budget and food security, photosynthesis research has not been adequately explored as a research focus in Nigeria. Previous works on C3 and C4 plants in Nigeria were mainly on the use of anatomical characteristics to delimit plant species into their respective pathways, with no attention being paid to its applications. In this review, past and present knowledge gaps in this area of study are elucidated. Information used in this review were sourced from referred research articles and books in reputable journals. The results revealed that C3 and C4 plants are distributed among 21 genera and 11 families in Nigeria. In addition there is dearth of informatio such that only three genera have been classified based on diverse photosynthetic pathways with no information found on the physiological and biochemical characterization of these genera. Moreover, further research is also suggested for tackling new challenges in the area of food productivity and climate change. 相似文献