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1.
本文讨论了骆驼峰火山岩筒内不同源区的碱性系列玄武岩与石英拉斑玄武岩的特征。认为碱性橄榄玄武岩-碧玄岩是由石榴石二辉橄榄岩地幔(5—8%)熔融产生;橄榄霞石岩是碱性橄榄玄武岩-碧玄岩在岩石圈地幔内分异产生;石英拉斑玄武岩是岩石圈地幔的熔浆。尖晶石二辉橄榄岩是碱性玄武岩浆上升过程中捕获的地幔碎片 相似文献
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焰山、高山--内蒙古阿尔山火山群中的两座活火山 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
阿尔山火山群位于内蒙古自治区东部 ,地处大兴安岭中段西缘 ,地理坐标为 1 2 0°1 4′0 0″～ 1 2 1°1 0′0 0″E ,4 7°1 5′0 0″～ 4 7°4 5′0 0″N。火山构造单元上属大同 -大兴安岭新生代火山活动带 (黄镇国等 ,1 993)。火山活动具多期性 ,可分为上新世、更新世和全新世。火山产物覆盖在侏罗纪火山 -侵入岩之上 ,总体呈北东向展布 ,出露面积约 1 30 0 (km) 2 ,上新世为拉斑玄武岩 ,第四纪主要为碱性橄榄玄武岩。火山作用方式既有岩浆爆破式和溢流式 ,也有射气岩浆喷发。以往区域地质调查 ① ,② 和本次初步考察确定阿尔山火山群由 4… 相似文献
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板缘向板内环境的过渡—辽河盆地古近纪玄武岩地球化学 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
产于辽河盆地东部凹陷的古近纪火山岩以碱性橄榄玄武岩和橄榄玄武岩为主. 岩石地球化学分析表明, 玄武岩总体富集高场强元素(HFSE), 相对亏损大离子亲石元素(LILE), 具有较明显的洋岛玄武岩(OIB)特征. 玄武岩具明显的Ba, Sr和Zr正异常, 较高的Ce/Pb, U/Pb和Zr/Hf值显示有洋壳物质的加入. 玄武岩同时具亏损的Sr, Nd, Pb同位素组成, 显示有EMI型富集地幔和亏损地幔(DMM)的加入. 结合华北东部中、新生代以来的构造环境及岩石圈演化特征, 作者认为, 本区玄武岩来源于板内软流圈地幔的上涌, 同时有来自俯冲的大洋岩石圈成分的加入, 并进一步推测华北板块东部从晚中生代板缘环境到晚新生代板内环境的转折发生于古近纪, 与太平洋板块俯冲角度的变陡有关. 相似文献
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琼北新近纪碱性橄榄玄武岩中广泛出露大型地幔岩捕虏体 (最大尺度 2 0cm) ,但前人尚未在第四纪玄武岩中发现过此类捕虏体。经过对采自第四纪玄武岩中 14 0余个样品的微观结构观测 ,发现天然氧化作用揭示出样品中部分粗粒橄榄石晶体发育位错构造 ;同时由橄榄石和辉石晶粒组成的某些集合体型斑晶的结构 ,与新近纪玄武岩中大型地幔岩捕虏体的结构相同 ,从而确定第四纪玄武岩中存在橄榄石捕虏晶和微型地幔岩捕虏体 (最大尺度为 4mm)。捕虏晶和微型捕虏体的存在表明第四纪玄武岩岩浆与新近纪一样都来源于上地幔 ;同时 ,地幔岩捕虏体由大型演变为微型反映了岩浆上升速度的逐步降低 ,以及火山活动强度的减弱 相似文献
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根据地层与同位素年代确定华北第四纪火山的时代为更新世 (Qp) ,距今 0 4Ma为火山活动高潮期。山西大同火山群东部火山为拉斑玄武岩 ,西部为碱性玄武岩 ;山东火山岩石碱性最强 ,为橄榄玄武岩 ,Sr同位素87Sr- 86Sr为 0 70 347～ 0 70 4 6 1,推测岩浆为地幔部分熔融的原始岩浆。对玄武岩中幔源包体的矿物进行了大量的电子探针分析 ,计算出其平衡温度为 880～ 110 0℃ ,平衡压力为 0 8～ 2 0GPa。由此推导的上地幔地温线低于由第三纪玄武岩中包体推导的地温线。上地幔的差异应力为 13～ 31MPa ,并随温度的升高而降低 ;应变速率为 7 78× 10 - 2 0 ～ 1 2 1× 10 - 14 s- 1,并随温度的升高而增大。研究结果表明 ,第四纪时期仍然存在上地幔底辟上涌 ,但其规模和活动强度均变弱 相似文献
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江南古陆东段两类玄武岩成因的地球化学制约 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在江南古陆东段,广泛发育晚元古代的玄武岩,据岩相学和地球化学特征可区分为明显不同的两类:低钛玄武岩和高钛玄武岩.它们由上地幔的不同程度部分熔融产生的岩浆结晶形成. 相似文献
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湘南中生代玄武岩类地球化学特征 总被引：108，自引：8，他引：100
湘南是有色、稀有及放射性矿产分布的密集区 ,区内玄武岩类在时间、空间和成矿元素含量上与矿床有密切关系 .该地区玄武岩类同位素年龄在 1 98～ 81Ma之间 ,属侏罗纪 白垩纪 ,主要岩石类型包括碱性玄武岩和拉斑玄武岩 ,它们形成于大陆板内构造环境 .微量元素和Sr,Nd ,Pb同位素组成研究表明其地幔源区经历了富集过程 ,这种富集地幔源区 3%～ 5 %的部分融熔形成本区的碱性玄武岩 ,1 0 %～1 5 %的部分融熔形成本区的拉斑玄武岩 .区域地幔的富集作用对湘南大 超大型矿床密集区的形成有重要的意义 . 相似文献
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由中国矿物、岩石、地球化学学会岩浆岩专业委员会主办的中国东部新生代玄武岩及其深源包体学术讨论会于7月27日至7月31日在黑龙江省德都县五大连池地区召开;会后代表们对我国著名的五大连池火山群及牡丹江镜泊湖地区的火山景观进行了实地考察 相似文献
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A. Auchapt C. Dupuy J. Dostal M. Kanika 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1987,31(1-2)
Two volcanic zones (Bukavu and Kamituga) south of Lake Kivu (southeastern Zaire) are part of the western branch of the Eastern African rift. They were formed during three volcanic cycles, one pre-rift (70-7 Ma old) and the other two syn-rift (7.8-1.9 Ma old and 14,000 y.-sub-Recent, respectively), and evolved from quartz tholeiites of the pre-rift period to alkali basalts of the rift stage. The basaltic rocks, which strongly predominate, are compositionally similar to other rift-related basalts and also to oceanic-island rocks. Most of the basalts have undergone only limited fractional crystallization (5–10%) dominated by olivine and clinopyroxene. The distinct variations of incompatible elements even in rocks of very similar major-element composition imply that the basaltic rocks were derived from a heterogeneous source by variable degrees of melting. The inferred source composition closely resembles that of metasomatized peridotite xenoliths from alkali basalts. 相似文献
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M. Sakuyama 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1978,41(4):501-512
Detailed petrographic analysis of calcalkaline volcanic rocks of Shirouma-Oike volcano, Japan, reveals that the complex phenocryst assemblage (Ol+Cpx+Opx+Hb+Bt+Qz+Pl+Mt+Hm) in the younger group volcanic rocks can be divided into two groups, a high temperature group (Ol+Cpx±An-rich Pl) and a low temperature group (Op+Hb+Bt+Qz±Ab-rich Pl+Mt+Hm). Compositional zonation of the phenocrystic minerals, normal zoning in olivine and clinopyroxene, and reverse zoning in orthopyroxene and plagioclase, indicate that these two groups of phenocrysts precipitated from two different magmas which mixed before the eruption. The low temperature magma is a stagnant magma in a shallow magma chamber, to which high temperature basaltic magma is intermittently supplied. Magma mixing is also indicated in olivine-bearing two pyroxene andesite of the older group volcanic rocks, by the coexistence of normally zoned Mg-rich clinopyroxene phenocrysts and reversely zoned Fe-rich clinopyroxene phenocrysts, and by reverse zoning in orthopyroxene phenocrysts. It is concluded that magma mixing is an important process responsible for the generation of the disequilibrium features in calc-alkaline volcanic rocks. 相似文献
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Mitsuhiro Yoshimoto Toshitsugu Fujii Takayuki Kaneko Atsushi Yasuda Setsuya Nakada Akikazu Matsumoto 《Island Arc》2010,19(3):470-488
A buried, old volcanic body (pre‐Komitake Volcano) was discovered during drilling into the northeastern flank of Mount Fuji. The pre‐Komitake Volcano is characterized by hornblende‐bearing andesite and dacite, in contrast to the porphyritic basaltic rocks of Komitake Volcano and to the olivine‐bearing basaltic rocks of Fuji Volcano. K‐Ar age determinations and geological analysis of drilling cores suggest that the pre‐Komitake Volcano began with effusion of basaltic lava flows around 260 ka and ended with explosive eruptions of basaltic andesite and dacite magma around 160 ka. After deposition of a thin soil layer on the pre‐Komitake volcanic rocks, successive effusions of lava flows occurred at Komitake Volcano until 100 ka. Explosive eruptions of Fuji Volcano followed shortly after the activity of Komitake. The long‐term eruption rate of about 3 km3/ka or more for Fuji Volcano is much higher than that estimated for pre‐Komitake and Komitake. The chemical variation within Fuji Volcano, represented by an increase in incompatible elements at nearly constant SiO2, differs from that within pre‐Komitake and other volcanoes in the northern Izu‐Bonin arc, where incompatible elements increase with increasing SiO2. These changes in the volcanism in Mount Fuji may have occurred due to a change in regional tectonics around 150 ka, although this remains unproven. 相似文献
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Along the south coast of Arabia, between Aden and the southern entrance to the Red Sea, there are six central vent volcanoes of probable Pliocene age. All are characterised by the interstratification of basic and acidic extrusives, the formation of large central calderas at a late stage in the volcanic cycle and the subsequent infilling of these calderas with horizontal acidic ignimbrites and basic lavas. Lying 60 miles to the west of Aden and of particular interest is Jebel Khariz, the largest and best preserved of the six volcanic centres, covering a roughly circular area of about 100 square miles and rising to a height of 2,766 feet. The volcanic sequence of Jebel Khariz is broadly divisible into two suites: a) alkali-rich rhyolites and trachytes which occur as flows and pyroclastic horizons and form about 80 per cent of the volume of the cone, and b) effusives of basaltic composition that occur in the caldera, locally on the south-east and south-west flanks and in a small parasitic cone on the northern flank. The alkali-rich acidic suite includes lavas, ash-flow and ash-fall rocks as well as vent and flow breccias, Generally, all rocks of this suite have phenocrysts of anorthoclase, and may contain phenocrysts of fayalitic olivine, aegirine-augite, magnetite and/or quartz. The fine grained matrix is composed of the same minerals with skeletal riebeckite and, in some cases, cossyrite. The basaltic suite is characteristically porphyritic, the phenocrysts being of calcic plagioclase, clinopyroxene, olivine and magnetite in a fine-grained mesostasis of plagioclase, olivine, clinopyroxene and ore. The plagioclase, on initial investigation, appears to lie in the labradorite-bytownite range, the olivine is commonly replaced by iddingsite and the clinopyroxene is most commonly a pale mauve titanaugite. Near the centre of the volcanic pile, as exposed in the caldera wall, masses of rhyolitic composition can be seen to form over half of the volcanic sequence. These masses are markedly lenzoid in cross-section normal to the flow direction and display intricate flow folding; they are considered to have been extruded as viscous lava. Further from the volcanic centre, these acidic extrusives become less markedly lenzoid until in the distal areas of individual units, some 5 miles from the caldera, they have spread out to form sheet-like masses covering as much as 10 square miles to a uniform thickness rarely exceeding 25 feet. The presence of agglomeratic bases, hard compact central sections and less compact upper divisions, together with the ubiquitous presence of columnar jointing and occasional shard textures suggest that these distal parts of each extrusive unit have been formed by an ash-flow/ash-fall mechanism. It is postulated that the majority of the Jebel Khariz volcanic pile was formed by emission of acidic material, effusive in the central area, but deposited mainly by an ash-flow mechanism around the flanks of the cone. This could be due to either the synchronous eruption of viscous lava from the central vent with ash flow eruptions on the flanks; or, more probably, to the progression of an individual volcanic episode through an initial ash-flow phase followed by the effusion of viscous lava, all emanating from the central vent. 相似文献
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Understanding the dynamics and contamination of an urban aquifer system using groundwater age (14C, 3H,CFCs) and chemistry 
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下载免费PDF全文 Jürgen Mahlknecht Arturo Hernández‐Antonio Christopher J. Eastoe Carol Tamez‐Meléndez Rogelio Ledesma‐Ruiz José A. Ramos‐Leal Nancy Ornelas‐Soto 《水文研究》2017,31(13):2365-2380
The quality of the groundwater supplying drinking water to the Guadalajara metropolitan area has deteriorated due to both endogenic and exogenic processes. Previous studies of this complex neotectonic volcanic environment suggest that the sources of contamination here are underground fluids derived from an active volcanic center and surface wastewater derived from regional land‐use intensification. This study uses isotopic, gaseous, and chemical signatures to more comprehensively characterize this groundwater flow and its contamination paths. Groundwater is mainly recharged at the La Primavera Caldera to the west and is discharged into the Santiago River to the east. The exception to this trend is the Toluquilla area, where groundwater most likely represents rainfall originating from outside the basin limits. Evaporation affects groundwater in these areas, especially waters that have been affected by recycling below urban areas in the Atejamac area and by intensive agricultural activity in the Toluquilla area. Additionally, we present evidence that groundwater flow through alluvial sediments and tuffs in deeper wells mixes with a lower aquifer unit in basaltic‐andesitic rocks, which are in contact with hydrothermal fluids. Groundwater ages range from postbomb in the western and northwestern regions of the study area (i.e., the Atemajac aquifer unit) to Late Pleistocene in the southern and southeastern regions (i.e., the Toluquilla aquifer unit). Recently recharged water records little mixing and is located mostly in or near the La Primavera volcanic system. As groundwater undergoes gravitational flow towards discharge areas, it mixes with older water components. Chloride and sodium concentrations above natural background levels are primarily related to volcanic activity, nitrate is associated with human activities, and sulfate originates from both anthropogenic sources and water–rock interactions. Nitrate originating from land‐use activities (such as sewers, septic tanks, landfills, and agricultural fields) that is introduced into the deeper part of the groundwater system is expected to travel with the groundwater to the discharge areas because oxidizing conditions will prevent microbial reduction. See Supplementary Information. 相似文献
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Patrick M. Hurley 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1977,34(2):225-230
Igneous material dredged from the Rio Grande rise, South Atlantic Ocean, includes basaltic rocks, some having mafic nodules and megacrysts, and volcanic breccias composed largely of basaltic fragments. These samples represent the only volcanic rocks recovered from this aseismic rise. Bulk compositions show alkalic basalt, trachybasalt, and trachyandesite; the rock types are similar to those of nearby Tristan da Cunha, Gough, and the Walvis ridge. Microprobe analyses show basaltic groundmass to have olivine, Fo85, pyroxene, Fs13Wo46, feldspar, An71, plus interstitial alkali feldspar. Mafic nodules and megacrysts have olivine, Fo86–90 and pyroxene Fs6–7.5Wo45–46; Al2O3 2.5–4 wt.%.The Rio Grande rise rocks have compositional characteristics of an alkalic basaltic suite, and not of mid-ocean ridge tholeiite. Based on mineral compositions, nodules and megacrysts in basalt are interpreted as cognate inclusions. Because oceanic alkalic basaltic rocks are almost invariably associated with islands and seamounts, the Rio Grande rise probably represents a series of alkalic-basalt islands that formed and eventually subsided during rifting of the South Atlantic; the dredged volcanic breccias are probably slump deposits from those volcanoes. This interpretation lends support to the Rio Grande rise having formed at a hot spot, but the possibility of alkalic rocks having formed along fracture zones should not be discounted. 相似文献
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D.K. Paul P. Kresten T. Ray Barman R.H. McNutt A.O. Brunfelt 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1984,21(1-2)
Petrographic and geochemical data are given for some basaltic rocks from the Koynaghat, Ambaghat and Panvel sections of the western Deccan volcanic province. This study confirms geochemical features established earlier for the Deccan basalts but brings out minor additional characters. Mineralogical and major-element compositions of the basaltic flows from the Koyna and Panvel sections indicate tholeiitic affinity; the Ambaghat flows exhibit a slight affinity towards alkali basalt. Rare earth element (REE) distribution patterns and trace-element abundances suggest minor fractionation of olivine and plagioclase during the evolution of the flows. The general similarity of chemical and mineralogical features over a wide area and the lack of conspicuous inter-element relationships suggest that the flows reflect the combined effects of partial melting, minor mineral fractionation and selective crustal contamination. 相似文献
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Petr Schnabl Jiří K. Novák Vladimír Cajz Miloš Lang Kadosa Balogh Zoltan Pécskay Martin Chadima Stanislav Šlechta Tomáš Kohout Petr Pruner Jaromír Ulrych 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2010,54(1):77-94
This study provides new thermomagnetic and petrographic data on specific basaltic rock association from the broader vicinity of the Lou?ná-Oberwiesenthal volcanic centre, western Bohemia/Saxony. Two types of volcanic rocks were recognized there: (i) high-Ti types (3.5–5.2 wt% TiO2) represented by (mela)nephelinite s.s., and sporadically present (ii) medium-Ti types (2.5–3.5 wt% TiO2) of olivine nephelinite, nepheline basanite and phonotephrite compositions. In order to examine the rock-magnetic behaviour, they were studied for their variations in the Curie temperature (TC) and field-dependent susceptibility, spinel group minerals, chemistry and petrology. Magnetic susceptibility of ulvöspinel-rich titanomagnetite, as a dominant magnetic carrier, depends on the amplitude of measured magnetic field, whereas pure magnetite is field-independent. Field dependence parameter kHD of the studied basaltic rocks ranges from 0.8 to 18.7%, TiO2 contents in titanomagnetite range from 12.7 to 20.1 wt.%. TiO2 content in titanomagnetite does not correlate with whole-rock TiO2 content (2.8 to 5.6 wt.%). The content of substituted titanium in the sublattice of magnetite is also sensitively reflected in the Curie temperature, ranging from 200 to 580°C. The spinel group minerals are designated as titanomagnetite with the dominance of ulvöspinel, magnetite and magnesioferrite components, or titanomagnetite with the magnetite, ulvöspinel and magnesioferrite components. Only two samples are characterized by a significant presence of Cr-spinel and magnesiochromite components forming cores of titanomagnetites. The titanomagnetite-bearing rocks in the studied area, likewise the low- to medium-Ti basaltic rocks from the ?eské st?edoho?í Mts., provide similar thermomagnetic curves. 相似文献
19.
Numerous occurrences of late Cenozoic (Late Pliocene or early Quaternary) diktytaxitic, olivine basalt in Oregon, northeastern California, northwestern Nevada and southwestern Idaho are interpreted as remnants of a regionally extensive, thin basalt sheet, manifesting a single volcanic event of vast magnitude. 相似文献
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DEEP “ARCH-BRIDGE” MAGMATIC SYSTEM OF THE AERSHAN VOLCANIC GROUP AND ITS STABILITY ANALYSIS 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The Aershan volcanic group has been active since the Pleistocene to the modern and has potential to erupt, so it is of great significance to strengthen the study on the Aershan volcano group and evaluate its activity. The magmatism is characterized by low resistivity in electrical properties. The electrical structure obtained by magnetotelluric sounding can be used to study the magmatic occurrence and volcanic activity. It is an effective method to detect the deep structure of volcanic area. Based on the magnetotelluric sounding data of the Aershan volcanic group, the two-dimensional nonlinear conjugate gradient inversion is obtained after the normalization of the data and the two-dimensional electrical structure of the Aershan volcanic group is obtained. It is found that there is a large-scale "arch-bridge" low-resistivity anomaly (resistivity less than 320Ω·m) and there are obvious high-conductivity anomalies (resistivity less than 40Ω·m) respectively on the west of the town of Ershi and the east of Chaihe town, the former is relatively small in sizes, buried at the depth of 40~60km, and the size of the latter is larger, buried at the depth of 60~90km, or even deeper. Combined with geological and geochemical data, it is inferred that the "arch bridge" anomaly is the channel of the basaltic magma transport from the epithermal basins on its both sides. The two high-conductivity anomalies it contains are probably the uncondensed or gathering magma chamber, so the Aershan magma system consists of "arch bridge" channel and asthenosphere-derived basaltic magma, the volcanic group has a unified magmatic system. Further analysis shows that the melting percentage of the "arch bridge" channel material is not less than 0.5%, and the lithosphere structure tends to be stable. The melting degree of the two magma chambers it contains is 2.5%~11.5%, and the grain boundary may all be wetted by the melt, rock flow intensity is relatively low, lithosphere structural stability is poor. In addition, the regional seismic distribution and the formation of hot springs also have a certain correlation to the Aershan volcanic group magma system. There are indications that the Aershan volcano group is in dormancy, rather than an extinct volcano, there is the possibility of eruption, so it should be closely monitored. 相似文献