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1.
纳米科技与粘土矿物学研究的思考   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
纳米科技已在地学领域取得了重要研究成果。粘土矿物学在材料科学中占有重要的地位,有必要建立“纳米粘土矿物学”这一学科,其研究手段与纳米科技一致,研究内容主要包括:纳米粘土矿物微粒矿物学、纳米粘土矿物体系物理学、纳米粘土矿物化学、纳米粘土矿物材料学和纳米粘土矿物加工学。本文进一步对纳米粘土矿物的检测方法和检测标准、聚合物/纳米粘土矿物复合材料的产业化提出了思考。  相似文献   

2.
随着粘土矿物的理论体系和系统研究方法的建立,以及有机物与粘土矿物间相互作用的资料的积累,本世纪六十年代初诞生了有机粘土化学。这门新兴学科主要研究粘土、粘土矿物与各种有机物之问的反应,有机粘土复合体的形成、性质和转化,以及它们在工农业、科学技术领域中的实际应用。它的出现,打破了有机化学和无机化学间的传统界限,在元素地球化学、矿床学、有机地球化学和粘土矿物的研究上具有重要的意义,在化工、工程、农业,环保和国防建设上也有着广阔的前景。  相似文献   

3.
桂林市红粘土的化学活动性与工程环境效应   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
从红粘土的形成环境出发 ,通过对红粘土矿物组成、化学成分以及粘土矿物的化学活动性与粘土力学性质的相关联系分析 ,指出红粘土的化学活动性与其粘土矿物的吸附性、离子交换容量、地下水化学成分密切相关 ,并从粘土矿物多种特征出发探讨红粘土的化学活动性与工程环境的相关性。  相似文献   

4.
蛭石的有机改性研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文综述了国内近十年关于粘土矿物和蛭石表面性质及表面改性的资料,分析了粘土矿物和蛭石表面改性的原理、方法和影响因素,研究了烷基季铵盐阳离子在粘土矿物和蛭石层间的排布模式,总结了有机粘土和有机蛭石吸附有机物的吸附理论和机理,为有机粘土和有机蛭石在废水处理和聚合物填充增强改性中的应用提供理论依据。  相似文献   

5.
徐昶 《地质科学》1985,(1):87-96
青藏高原是我国盐湖分布的主要地区之一。对该地区盐湖沉积物中的粘土矿物,前人未进行过系统研究。近年来,作者对柴达木盆地盐湖中的粘土矿物做过一些工作。本文报道了该区49个湖区约200个样品的粘土有关资料,其中包括藏北某些半咸水湖和盐湖周围的某些土壤和泥样的有关资料。文中对含粘土矿物的碎屑沉积物的岩性、粘土矿物类型、粘土化学组分以及粘土资料在盐湖形成演化过程中的地质意义等方面进行了初步讨论和总结。  相似文献   

6.
鄂尔多斯盆地杭锦旗地区上古生界砂岩储层中普遍发育粘土矿物,根据岩心薄片观察,自然γ能谱测井交会图识别出的粘土矿物类型有高岭石、伊利石、蒙脱石、绿泥石。薄片分析按粘土矿物形成方式划出沉积粘土和成岩粘土(蚀变、转变及化学成因粘土),以及按其产出状态尚划出构造(骨架)粘土和结构(填隙)粘土,并定量分析出构造粘土和结构粘土含量在多数层段分别为20%以上与10%~18%。依据自然γ能谱测井分析采用多元线性逐步回归分析法,查明各粘土矿物含量同T h,U,K质量分数之间的相关系数都大于0.85,建立了粘土矿物定量计算模型X=a-b×T h c×U d×T h/K还对储层中粘土矿物进行预测及粘土矿物的纵向分布特征分析。  相似文献   

7.
在页岩储层中粘土矿物是其重要的矿物成分,所以对粘土矿物的研究也是页岩储层研究的重要组成部分。本文通过对五峰组-龙马溪组页岩全岩X衍射、粘土X衍射对泥页岩中的矿物组分定量分析有清楚的认识,通过氮气吸附实验确定了页岩的比表面积大小,通过普通扫描电镜和氩离子抛光扫描电镜可以观察到粘土矿物转化形成的孔隙。在前人对粘土矿物转化研究的基础上,本文重点探讨总结了页岩储层中高岭石、长石、蒙脱石向伊利石以及绿泥石转化的过程。在粘土转化的基础上,又重点突出在粘土矿物对页岩中吸附能力的大小的研究,以及粘土矿物对孔隙度的影响。通过扫描电镜的观察粘土矿物转化后形成的微孔和纳米孔可以分为四种,即:中间层,间粒,粘土和与有机物接触的裂缝,微裂纹。再者虽然粘土矿物对于孔隙度的改善作用非常有限,但是粘土矿物能够提供较多的比表面积。  相似文献   

8.
粘土矿物保存海洋沉积有机质研究进展及其碳循环意义   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
海洋沉积物吸附有机质的量和有机质循环周期与粘土矿物类型和吸附方式密切相关,并在全球碳循环中扮演着不同的角色。粘土吸附有机质有物理吸附和化学吸附之分,前者主要存在于粘土的微孔隙中,参与年、十年或百年尺度的循环;后者主要存在于粘土矿物层间和外表面,稳定性较好,有机质易于保存,可参与百万年或更长时间的循环,这种不同时间尺度内的碳循环,将会改写海洋沉积物有机碳“源”、“汇”的关系。不同类型粘土矿物的性质存在差异,决定了吸附有机质量的多寡,蒙脱石的吸附量远大于伊利石的吸附量,这可能是造成全球不同海域中有机碳“源”、“汇”变化的原因。海洋沉积物处于水圈、生物圈和岩石圈的交汇地带,有机碳的差异和变化,都会对全球碳循环及气候变化产生重要的影响。  相似文献   

9.
胡素清 《世界地质》1994,13(4):74-76
粘土矿物组合的红外光谱鉴定及数理统计定量研究胡素清(应化系)粘土主要由颗粒小于2μ的粘土矿物组合及非粘土矿物组成,纯粘土矿物少见。粘土及粘土矿物是重要的矿产资源,在陶瓷、冶金、造纸、建筑、耐火材料、石油化工、钻探、人造分子筛等方面应用极为广泛。粘土及...  相似文献   

10.
柱撑粘土矿物材料的晶体结构和晶体化学特征   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
以铝基柱撑粘土矿物和钛基柱撑粘土矿物为例,讨论了柱撑粘土矿物材料的晶体结构和晶体化学特点,Al多核笼状阳离子基团的结构形式为1:12Keggin型离子,Ti多核笼状阳离子基团的结构形式为2:19Dawson型离子,两类笼状阳离子的直径均在1nm左右,前者的高度约为0.9nm,后者的高度约为1.4nm,经与粘土矿物层间阳离子交换后,择位固定在粘土矿物层间,由于多核笼状阳离子与粘土矿物硅氧四面体之间形成了较强的化学键,其具有不可交换性,铝基柱撑粘土和钛基柱撑粘土的层间孔道分别为1.2nm*1.2nm*1.2nm,和0.52nm*0.52nm*1.60nm。柱粘土矿物材料有很好的化学稳定性和耐热性,且又有一定的层间化学活性,可用于催化剂载体,由于它又具有选择性吸附能力,有望制造成新一代环保材料。  相似文献   

11.
粘土矿物的环境意义   总被引:57,自引:2,他引:57  
粘土矿物在沉积和埋藏作用过程中可发生转变。它的形成和转化与其所处的环境有密切关系 ,因此深入研究粘土矿物的组合与含量的变化、结构特点与转化规律以及粒度分布等特征 ,可以推测其形成区和来源区的风化作用类型和气候演变规律 ,有助于揭示全球性的环境演变规律。对粘土矿物的大量研究所揭示的古气候环境演变的信息 ,已被用于重建古气候和恢复大陆古环境。此外 ,由于粘土矿物具有较强的吸附性、离子交换性和膨胀性 ,对水体中各种类型的污染物有良好的吸附性能 ,并使土壤有一定的自净作用 ,所以在环境污染的防治中有广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

12.
Clay mineral found in rivers, estuaries, and marine sedimentary environments is an important group of minerals which is the by-product of chemical weathering. The main constituents of this fine-grained sediment include mudstones, clay stones, and shales. This is probably the first report of a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigation on the clay minerals to characterize them in the Sundarban mangrove core sediments of Moipith Matla and Belamati Island. This study was carried out in the selected stretch for FTIR and SEM analyses. The study reveals the dominant association of kaolinite with subordinate amount of quartz, illite, and chlorite. The abundance of kaolinite, illite, chlorite, and clay with quartz helps in increasing the sediment in the island region. The geochemical and mineralogical evolution of mangrove sediment results in the interaction of biotic and abiotic parameters, whose balance is conditioned by the climate that governs the hydrologic regime, the sedimentation dynamics, and of the organic matter. This study on the characterization of clay provides substantial impact in the water-holding capacity, productivity, and mineralogical and chemical transformation in order to establish much more and intermediate equilibrium between marine influence and continental contribution, as a part of the estuarine environment.  相似文献   

13.
Inorganic minerals in mudstone are composed of clay minerals,carbonate and detrital minerals.Detrital minerals(such as quartz and feldspar)are mainly original deposit.However,clay minerals(kaolinite,illite,and chlorite)and carbonate(calcite and dolomite)are mostly diagenetic minerals.Furthermore,conversion of the four kinds of clay minerals are common.The formation of clay minerals and carbonate is controlled by temperature,pressure,p H,Eh and type of cations during diagenesis.Therefore mineral assemblage can indicate the characteristics and change of diagenetic environment.In addition to inorganic minerals,there are also organic matter of different sources and chemical properties in mudstone.Traditionally,it is considered that evolution of organic matter is controlled by thermal effect.Now studies show that inorganic and organic matter can interact with each other and form clay-organic complexes.This suggest that attention should be paid to the influence of diagenetic mineral assemblage and diagenetic environment on the evolution of organic matter* Samples of mudstone from 1500-4500m of the Palaeogene in the Dongying Depression,China,were collected to investigate the changes of mudstone diagenetic environment.XRD,thin section and SEM were used to detect diagenetic minerals and assemblage characteristics.Results showed that content of detrital minerals,which are floating in mud matrix or preserved as silt laminae,is basically unchanged from shallow to deep strata.Clay minerals which are gathered as argillaceous matrix or preserved as argillaceous laminae have growth and decline relation to carbonate which mainly appear as micropoikilitic ferriferous calcite and ferriferous dolomite.All these characteristics indicate that detrital minerals are exogenetic,whereas carbonate is diagenetic minerals.Based on the SEM analysis of the clay minerals,it was found that smectite present honeycomb and reticulate structure,while illite present filiform and schistose structure and there are growth and decline relationship between them.Nevertheless,hexagonal tabular and stratified kaolinite has the highest content from 2400m to3300m.Rosette and stratified chlorite shows increase trend when the burial depth is deeper than 3300m.These characteristics indicated that clay minerals are diagenetic minerals and there are conversions among the four types.Therefore form shallow to deep,three diagenetic mineral assemblage zones can be divided based on the characteristics of carbonate and clay minerals in mudstone.Namely,smectite+illite/smectite zone in the depth of 2000-2500m;kaolinite+illite/smectite zone in the depth of 2500-3300m and illite+chlorite+carbonate zone below 3300m.Previous studies showed that kaolinite is stable under acidic conditions,while other clay minerals and carbonate are stable under alkaline conditions.Hence according to mineral assemblages feature,it was inferred that diagenetic environment of mudstonehasundergonethechangeof alkaline-acid-alkaline.For the organic matter with different chemical properties in mudstone,the hydrocarbon generation will be different in the acidic and alkaline diagenetic environment even if the conditions of temperature and pressure are the same.Therefore,for hydrocarbon generation we should not only focus on thermal effect,but also pay more attention to the differences of diagenetic environment which have great significance for the understanding of hydrocarbon generation,hydrocarbon expulsion and reservoir formation in mudstone.  相似文献   

14.
黏土矿物组构对水化作用影响评价   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
泥页岩水化过程中黏土矿物起着主要的作用,但目前还缺少相关的定量描述研究。为此,利用SEM、X-粉晶衍射技术,对采自不同地区的泥岩和板岩在干燥状态、不同浸泡时间后的微观结构和含量进行分析及研究,分析黏土矿物的组构随浸泡时间的变化过程,并定量地分析其对水化过程的影响规律,研究泥页岩的软化过程。研究认为,(1)泥页岩、板岩中影响水化过程的内在因素是蒙脱石、高岭石、绿泥石和伊利石等黏土矿物的含量;(2)黏土矿物定向排列时水化作用效果较无序排列时的明显;(3)泥页岩的水化作用是一个渐进的过程,即在水化过程中流体介质首先使表面的黏土矿物软化,产生掉块;随着时间延长,流体沿裂缝、层理面向岩石内部渗透,黏土土矿物发生膨胀;无围岩限制作用时坍塌掉块持续发生;(4)泥浆中加入一定的无机盐有助于抑制水化过程的发生;压力增加将抑制水化过程的产生;温度升高则能促进泥页岩的水化过程。  相似文献   

15.
曾广圣  欧乐明 《岩矿测试》2019,38(2):160-168
秘鲁铜硫矿石的主要回收对象是铜和硫矿物,由于铜矿物嵌布复杂、粒度过细以及与各种脉石矿物或金属矿物交生关系紧密,利用传统工艺矿物学研究方法如化学分析、光学显微镜检测等较难准确定量其工艺矿物学参数。本文采用化学分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、偏光显微镜及矿物参数自动分析系统(MLA)等技术手段,研究秘鲁铜硫矿石的化学成分、矿物组成和主要矿物的嵌布特征、粒度分布及单体解离特性等,并对影响选矿指标的主要矿物学因素进行分析。结果表明:矿石中主要元素为Cu(0.65%)和S(9.53%)。矿石中黄铁矿(16.57%)含量较高,形态较为规则,与其他矿物之间的交生关系相对简单,粒度普遍偏粗,其中粒径大于0.30mm的黄铁矿占95.06%。铜矿物主要以不规则粒状、皮壳状、网脉状、纤维状、尘粒状、斑点状分布于脉石中或与黄铁矿、闪锌矿、磁铁矿等金属矿物交生紧密,粒度极不均匀,使得铜矿物解离难度加大,且矿石中云母(12.51%)、绿泥石(3.74%)、滑石(3.34%)、高岭石、蒙脱石(3.59%)等黏土质矿物含量较高,在磨矿过程中易发生泥化从而恶化分选环境。根据该类型矿石的工艺矿物学特性,本文建议采用"粗磨-部分优先浮铜-铜硫混浮-混合精矿再磨再选分离"的工艺流程,可得到质量高的铜、硫精矿。  相似文献   

16.
17.
Clay minerals, byproducts of chemical weathering, are important group of minerals found in rivers, estuaries, and marine sedimentary environments, which include mudstones, clay stones, and shales. In the present study, FTIR and SEM investigation on the clay minerals in Sundarban mangrove core sediments collected from Moipith Matla and Belamati Island are carried out. The study indicated the dominant association of kaolinite with subordinate amount of quartz, illite and chlorite. The abundance of kaolinite, illite chlorite and clay with quartz helps in increasing sediment in the islands region. The geochemical and mineralogical evolution of mangrove sediments are results of the interaction of biotic and abiotic parameters, whose balance is conditioned by the climate that governs the hydrologic regime, the sedimentation dynamics and the organic matter. This study on the charaterstation of clay provides us with substantial impact in the water holding capacity, productivity and mineralogical and chemical transformation in order to establish much more and intermediate equilibrium between marine influence and continental contribution, as part of the estuarine environment, than to the tropical climate conditions.  相似文献   

18.
粘土矿物研究在塔里木盆地石油勘探中的应用   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
孙玉善  杨帆 《现代地质》1998,12(2):269-276
以塔里木盆地粘土矿物的分布特征及其组合形式、演化与形成机理为依据,探讨了粘土矿物在地层划分对比中的应用及其与有机质热演化、成岩阶段的关系和对储层物性的影响。研究表明,在侏罗系和白垩系两个不同古环境中形成的粘土矿物及其组合特征,为地层对比提供了一定的证据。泥岩中伊利石/蒙皂石间层中蒙皂石含量的纵向变化与有机质热演化及成岩阶段的关系不大。对储层物性影响不大但有利于储集性能的是以高岭石为主的粘土矿物组合类型及粘土矿物的早期自生(伊利石/蒙皂石间层矿物)衬垫式以及非自生(伊利石)衬垫式产状。  相似文献   

19.
论晋北石炭二叠系紫色高岭石粘土的成因   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
晋北地区石炭二叠系煤层中与四号及九号煤伴生的含有机质的软质耐火粘土,即高岭石粘上,俗称紫矸或紫木节。对紫矸的成因过去有两种看法:(1)原生沉积的;(2)后期风化残积“由煤变来的”。笔者认为除这两个因素同时存在外,还与成岩后生作用中有机酸的淋滤和高岭石的重结晶、有序化等有关,尤其是后期风化表生作用使有机质氧化淋滤去SiO_2形成一水软铝石、褪色、溶蚀多孔、质地疏松,形成今日所见紫色高岭石粘土。  相似文献   

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