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洞室和围岩温度对泄洪洞衬砌混凝土温度和温度应力影响研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以溪洛渡无压泄洪洞为研究对象,采用三维有限单元方法对不同洞室环境温度和围岩温度情况下的施工过程进行仿真模拟,通过比较底板、边墙和顶拱不同衬砌部位的最高温度、最大内表温差、最低温度、早期和冬季最大拉应力等,对洞室环境温度和围岩温度的变化对泄洪洞衬砌混凝土温度和温度应力,以及温度裂缝发生、发展与控制的影响进行分析。结果表明,洞室气温和围岩温度对衬砌混凝土的温度场和应力场均有明显的影响。在冬季施工衬砌混凝土更容易产生早期裂缝,夏季施工时既要防止早期裂缝,也要注意防止冬季裂缝。围岩温度低时,衬砌围岩侧混凝土拉应力明显增大,但对表面和中心的应力影响很小,因而对温度裂缝的发生影响很小。研究成果为隧洞工程衬砌混凝土的设计和施工提供有价值的参考。 相似文献
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内水压力下水工隧洞衬砌与围岩承载特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
衬砌与围岩是水工隧洞的主要组成部分,内水压力是其承担的主要荷载之一。采用轴对称计算模型,以衬砌与围岩间接触应力状态为判断标准,研究了衬砌混凝土开裂前后围岩渗透系数、变形模量等材料参数对衬砌与围岩联合承载特性的影响,详细地介绍了透水衬砌的设计方法和计算过程,以混凝土最大裂缝宽度为控制标准,编制了透水衬砌结构计算与配筋设计程序,并给出了算例验证。计算结果表明,围岩渗透系数是隧洞结构设计的关键,与围岩变形模量具有同等重要作用;围岩透水性越差或变形模量越低,衬砌与围岩越容易脱开;与混凝土开裂前相比,混凝土开裂后,衬砌与围岩更容易脱开;与钢板衬砌方案相比,钢筋混凝土衬砌方案可以很大程度地减小钢材用量;建议高压钢筋混凝土衬砌隧洞设计、施工时,应尽可能地保持围岩的完整性,并进行细致周密的固结灌浆,以增强围岩抗渗能力。 相似文献
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涔天河水利枢纽扩建工程1#泄洪洞出口段开挖断面大、坡度较陡、围岩风化程度高、洞口偏压严重。由于受持续强降雨影响,隧洞出口段上半洞开挖完以后,洞口边墙围岩及洞顶仰坡出现了系统性拉裂现象,导致工程停工。为尽快恢复施工,保障水库按时下闸蓄水,在原有支护措施基础上提出了一系列增强加固支护措施,并增加洞室及边坡变形监测。通过建立能反映真实施工过程的大型三维计算模型,利用初期变形监测数据,对围岩的变形参数进行初步估计,并预测了隧洞出口下半洞及出口明渠基础开挖产生的变形情况,初步研究表明,在初设与增强加固支护措施的保护下,洞口及边坡的总体安全性可以得到保障,研究成果促进了工程恢复施工。而后,结合新增的由于隧洞出口下半洞及出口明渠基础开挖产生的变形监测数据,对施工开挖进行了全过程反演分析,获得了更为准确的岩土体变形参数,变形监测数据与数值模拟结果吻合良好,说明了反演分析的可靠性。最后,对工程永久衬砌施工进行模拟,计算了工程完工后永久衬砌新增变形量,并对衬砌应力进行了安全校核。本文研究成果对工程快速恢复施工及水库按时蓄水泄洪产生了较为重要的作用。 相似文献
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针对地震作用下的深埋多岔圆形调压井,采用三维非线性有限元对其洞室开挖及衬砌结构受力特性进行了计算分析。引入岩石弹塑性损伤本构关系模拟地下调压井洞室的开挖效应;基于模拟结构支护的隐式锚杆、锚索单元,提出了复杂体型的调压井洞室开挖支护及衬砌开裂的计算方法;采用波动场拟静法对地震波作用下混凝土衬砌结构受力、变形特性进行了计算,给出了衬砌开裂的裂缝宽度和结构配筋的计算公式。通过小湾水电站调压井的工程实例计算,分析了空间多岔调压井衬砌结构在地震作用下的变形、开裂特性和应力分布规律,验证了模型的合理性与计算方法的可行性,为强震地区大型复杂调压井结构设计施工和安全校核提供了新思路和参考依据。 相似文献
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山西万家寨引黄工程南干线6#隧洞围岩岩溶发育特征及工程处理 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
山西省万家寨引黄工程南干线6#隧洞围岩为奥陶系上、下马家沟组碳酸盐岩地层,其岩溶较发育,主要为不规则溶洞,绝大多数已被岩溶角砾、碎石土和低液限粉土等充填.因岩溶充填物工程地质特性较差,导致隧洞衬砌混凝土管片产生裂缝和错台等变形,影响了隧洞正常输水.为此在隧洞内进行了地质雷达测试和补充钻探及取样,并进行了室内土工试验,分析了隧洞围岩岩溶发育特征,依据岩溶充填物的工程特性,对其进行了水泥灌浆处理. 相似文献
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水工隧洞高压固结灌浆的目的是加固隧洞围岩、封闭隧洞周边岩体裂隙,提高隧洞围岩的整体性和抗变形能力,增强围岩抗渗能力和长期渗透稳定性。主要介绍了引水隧洞在未进行混凝土衬砌的条件下实施高压防渗固结灌浆施工的试验及其成果,为该类洞段灌浆设计和施工提供依据。 相似文献
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为研究断层隧道在地震作用下的影响规律,开展了穿越断层隧道的振动台对比试验,介绍了试验材料、相似比选取及动力加载情况。试验表明：地震作用下衬砌腰侧的受力明显大于顶部和底部,在进行结构设计时应进行加强;隧道衬砌具有一定的加速度放大效应,衬砌结构的加速度傅里叶谱值主要集中于中低频,在结构临近破坏时,加速度和应变响应值将发生突变;隧道衬砌裂缝发展与结构位置密切相关,地震作用下底部裂缝由内向外发展,腰部裂缝由外向内发展;断层走向与隧道纵向夹角越小,地震对隧道的作用越大,裂缝的发育越明显;隧道的最终破坏形式为管节本身的纵向拉裂缝和管节接缝处的错台组成。该研究成果为穿越断层隧道的相关设计提供参考。 相似文献
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CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。 相似文献
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Takeshi Nose Dr. 《GeoJournal》1985,10(3):261-276
Conclusions During the last ten years, aquaculture, especially mariculture has undergone remarkable expansion to counter-balance the gap between the supply and demand of fishery products in Japan. Its expansion has also been supported by the traditional preference of the Japanese people for seafood. Mariculture is now being forced to change its structure due to adverse economic circumstances such as the rise in the cost of energy, feeds and other materials for culture, low market prices, deterioration of environmental conditions, and many other factors. Before these constraints can be resolved, advanced scientific knowledge and technologies must be integrated to develop new types of aquaculture. Expansion of maricultural activities to more open-sea and off shore areas would be one route to follow. Technologies for the development of formulated diets not only for young but also for adults and larvae, establishment of feeding standards, prevention of epizootic diseases must support the establishment of modern aquaculture.The culture-based fisheries, or marine ranching, is becoming a subject for further development in Japan. Much research work has been conducted with a great degree of governmental support. Establishment of a net work of seedstock production farms has made it possible to carry out releasing experiments on a large scale. A newly integrated restoration system could be developed on the basis of these experiments, even though the profits resulting from the artificial restoration of stocks is not thouroughly verified at present. The commencement of a national scheme for culture-based fisheries would be a manifestation of the enthusiasm of the Japanese fish industry. 相似文献
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Julie Okpala 《GeoJournal》1990,20(1):37-43
This paper traces the development of geographic education in Nigeria and examines the views of geographers, other academics,
students and the public at large about the importance of geography. Geography's value is immense despite the non-professional
nature of the discipline. Nevertheless, there is a need to define geography's status and ensure career prospects for students.
The Nigerian Geographical Association (from classroom teaachers to top geographers) must promote geography, improve its status
in schools and universities, and continuously restructure its content and methods to address pertinent social needs. 相似文献
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Trends in landslide occurrence in Nepal 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
David N. Petley Gareth J. Hearn Andrew Hart Nicholas J. Rosser Stuart A. Dunning Katie Oven Wishart A. Mitchell 《Natural Hazards》2007,43(1):23-44
Nepal is a mountainous, less developed kingdom that straddles the boundary between the Indian and Himalayan tectonic plates.
In Nepal, landslides represent a major constraint on development, causing high levels of economic loss and substantial numbers
of fatalities each year. There is a general consensus that the impacts of landslides in countries such as Nepal are increasing
with time, but until now there has been little or no quantitative data to support this view, or to explain the causes of the
increases. In this paper, a database of landslide fatalities in Nepal has been compiled and analysed for the period 1978–2005.
The database suggests that there is a high level of variability in the occurrence of landslides from year to year, but that
the overall trend is upward. Analyses of the trends in the data suggest that there is a cyclicity in the occurrence of landslide
fatalities that strongly mirrors the cyclicity observed in the SW (summer) monsoon in South Asia. Perhaps surprisingly the
relationship is inverse, but this is explained through an inverse relationship between monsoon strength and the amount of
precipitation in the Hill District areas of Nepal. It is also clear that in recent years the number of fatalities has increased
dramatically over and above the effects of the monsoon cycle. Three explanations are explored for this: land-use change, the
effects of the ongoing civil war in Nepal, and road building. It is concluded that a major component of the generally upward
trend in landslide impact probably results from the rural road-building programme, and its attendant changes to physical and
natural systems. 相似文献
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2010年,美国铀矿总共施工7 209个钻孔,总进尺1 493 520 m;生产铀1 628.55 t;铀矿业总支出费用为2.773亿美元,其中铀矿地勘费支出为3 450万美元,占铀矿业总费用的12.44%。铀矿地勘钻探费用为4 460万美元,占铀矿业总费用的16.08%。 相似文献
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硫代砷是富硫化物地下水中砷的重要形态,对环境和人类健康有潜在威胁。目前硫代砷研究程度尚低,本次主要针对国内外地下水（地热水）中硫代砷的存在形态,水文—生物—环境地球化学过程,样品保存,定量检测方法等方面进行研究。结论如下:pH, 氧化还原电位,硫化物含量和微生物作用等是影响地下水中硫代砷稳定存在和形态分布的重要因素。含铁矿物能与水中的硫代砷形成配位键对其进行吸附,吸附性普遍弱于（亚）砷酸盐,因此,地下水中硫代砷可能表现出更强的迁移性。用于硫代砷检测的自然水样在采集中可采取过滤,速冻,厌氧和低温短期保存的操作流程,以减缓该形态的转化甚至消失。色谱联用ICP-MS系统可用于自然水样中硫代砷的分离定量检测,紫外—可见分光光度法和X射线吸收光谱法在不同场景下也可对硫代砷进行定量和表征分析。地热水和浅层地下水中均可能存在硫代砷,由于水样中硫代砷的不稳定性,室内检测和分析难以准确反映现场过程,因此,野外样品保存技术和现场检测方法的更新可能在未来有更大研究空间,值得进一步探索。 相似文献
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