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基于甘肃强震固定台和流动观测记录的汶川8.0级地震主震及余震加速度资料,选用三分向记录均完整的87次地震(震级范围为3.0~8.0级),根据用位错理论二维断裂模式推导的震源峰值加速度与环境剪应力关系式计算汶川地震序列的环境剪应力值,探讨其环境剪应力场特征。结果表明,环境剪应力和矩震级有较好的相关性,3~5级地震对应的应力值多在3~6 MPa,5~6级多在6~9 MPa,6~7级多在9MPa以上,且环境剪应力对震源深度也有较强的依赖性。 相似文献
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利用唐山地震系列的加速度观测资料, 计算了唐山主震及其重要大余震共38次地震的环境剪应力值；并利用中-美合作的加速度台阵资料, 计算了1982年7月至1984年7月共52次小余震的环境剪应力值。结果表明, 环境剪应力0对矩震级有较弱的依赖关系。较小0值的地区, 只能发生小震或中等地震。只有0值较大的地区, 才能发生大地震。在0值大的地区发生的地震, 产生的峰值加速度、速度、位移值均较高。所以, 测定重要地区的0值, 对地震预报和工程抗震有重要意义。主断层两端发生的大余震, 0值往往比主震还高, 这可能是断层两端部应力集中的反映。这个现象给预测大余震发生的地点提供了依据。 相似文献
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本文利用SK地震仪器记录的中小地震的P波初动半周期资料,测定了云南地区区域剪应力值τ_0。根据剪应力值随时间变化和空间分布特特征,讨论了云南各地震带、区的地震活动趋势。结合小震P轴变化特征以及τ_0值强度分布图象,分析结果表明,最近几年内云南地区不会发生7.0级以上的大震,但四个应力值较高的地震带、区发生5.0—6.0级左右的中强震的可能性较大,是需要进一步加强监视的地震危险区。 其次,讨论了该区震源参数与面波震级M_S之间的经验统计关系。 相似文献
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为对云南强震活动趋势分析提供科学依据,基于Haskell二维地震位错模型,建立了用地震矩M0和体波震级mb估算地震震源构造剪应力强度τ0值的关系,并利用此关系,根据美国地质凋查局提供的1977～2005年间东亚滇缅弧-安达曼地震活动带上强震活动的震源机制解、地震矩M0和体波震级mb,对该区的地震应力图像和板缘动力学机制特征进行了深入分析.结果表明:缅甸弧-安达曼板缘地震带的强震活动主要反映了板缘地震活动的特点,其平均剪应力τ0值为8.8 MPa;云南及喜马拉雅山地区的少量强震活动主要反映了板内地震活动的特征,其平均剪应力τ0值为13.5 MPa,板内地震统计得出的平均剪应力值是板缘地震的1.5倍.喜马拉雅山弧形区域主压应力方向(P轴)优势方向为NE向,但青藏高原东南的云南地区则表现出向ES方向的强烈偏转,这可能是由于印度板块与欧亚板块的强烈碰撞挤压以及缅甸弧的弧后扩张相互作用引起的. 相似文献
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利用山东数字地震台网二年多的地震记录资料,根据陈培善等用地震发生的断裂力学模式和震源谱理论,导出的震源处峰值加速度与构造环境剪应力值的关系,计算了山东内陆及附近海域发生的46次中小地震构造环境剪应力值,并对应力场的分布状况和时空变化进行了分析。 相似文献
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根据陈培善和Duda(1993)提出的震源速度谱模型，研究了用速度谱极大值Vc(cm)>max直接测定地震矩M0的方法．利用在滇西实验场区开展近场微震观测新获得的洱源、脉地和松桂地区三次微震序列的数字化资料，测定了三次地震序列的地震矩M0和震源力学参数．三次微震序列的震级绝大多数在1.0——2.5级之间，测定的地震矩为1010M01013(Nm)，震源破裂半径a为90——270 m．对环境应力参数0和的研究还表明，地面运动峰值速度(rv)是环境应力参数0和的函数，且环境应力与地震构造及介质状态相关，三次震群序列的环境应力0和值分别为高应力震群(脉地序列)在0.5——5.0 MPa；中等应力震群(松桂序列)在0.3——１.5 MPa；低应力震群(洱源序列)在0.01——0.5 MPa．进而讨论了高、中、低三种环境应力状态所反映出与构造和介质状态差异的依赖性，这种研究有助于深入了解作为孕震背景的环境应力状态与孕震过程和潜在地震危险区的相互关系．其次，我们发现，大小地震的矩标度存在明显差异，当地震矩M014 Nm时，峰值速度与地震矩按rvM0.80标度，而在M01014 Nm时，则按rvM1/30标度． 相似文献
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利用广西南丹县大厂矿区地震监测台网记录的地震波资料,采用Brune（1970）模型,将速度记录谱归算为震源位移谱,使用遗传算法计算拐角频率及零频极限,然后计算地震矩、应力降等小震震源参数,并系统分析各种参数之间的关系。大厂矿区38次较大地震的震源参数计算结果为：地震矩范围在2.18×1011~7.89×1012 N·m之间;震源破裂半径78~439m;地震应力降在0.01~1.79 MPa之间。表明：地震矩与震级、震源半径、拐角频率之间呈线性关系,而应力降不依赖于地震矩,分布较为离散。大厂矿区应力降值明显偏低,这可能与该区域背景应力低有关。 相似文献
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利用1988-1999年10月中国地震基本台网观测得到中国地区3103个体波震级mb≥3.8的地震资料,计算了它们的构造环境剪应力值0,得到了中国构造环境剪应力场的分布图.计算结果表明,大部分地震的应力值较低,只有110个地震的≥10 MPa.用这些高应力值地震资料,根据它们的矩震级值Mw计算出其破裂长度和影响半径Ri,并以此勾画出了中国高应力值地区.结果表明,高应力值地区主要集中在中国西部(新疆、青海、西藏、云南等省)和台湾省;中国东部地区应力值较低,华北地区目前应力水平也不高.从统计上看,应力场水平与地震活动性有很强的正相关关系.本文结果可为确定地震危险区和潜在震源区提供地震学依据;还可在确定强地震动参数(峰值加速度、峰值速度和反应谱)的衰减关系时起重要作用. 相似文献
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（陈培善，肖磊，白彤霞，王溪莉）Ｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｓｈｅａｒｓｔｒｅｓｓｆｉｅｌｄｆｏｒｔｈｅ１９７６Ｔａｎｇｓｈａｎｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅ￥Ｐｅｉ－ＳｈａｎＣＨＥＮ；ＬｅｉＸＩＡＯ；Ｔｏｎｇ－ＸｉａＢＡＩａｎｄＸｉ－ＬｉＷＡ... 相似文献
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根据峰值加速度、速度、位移对构造环境剪应力场和地震矩的依赖关系,导出了直接计算矩震级的公式．用北京怀来小台网（速度记录）、唐山强震观测台网（加速度记录）和北京地区台网（速度记录）的地震记录资料,检验了这些公式的可用性．结果表明,利用加速度或速度记录测定的矩震级与常规方法（根据位移谱高度）测定的矩震级十分接近．证明了这些公式的正确性,从而拓宽了用于测定震级的资料类型,即不仅限于位移记录,速度和加速度记录都可用于测定震级． 相似文献
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L. J. Ruff 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1999,154(3-4):409-431
—Stress drop is a fundamental parameter of earthquakes, but it is difficult to obtain reliable stress drop estimates for most earthquakes. Static stress drop estimates require knowledge of the seismic moment and fault area. Dynamic stress drop estimates are based entirely upon the observed source time functions. Based on analytical formulas that I derive for the crack and slip-pulse rupture models, the amplitude and time of the initial peak in source time functions can be inverted for dynamic stress drop. For multiple event earthquakes, this method only gives the dynamic stress drop of the first event. The Michigan STF catalog provides a uniform data base for all large earthquakes that have occurred in the past four years. Dynamic stress drops are calculated for the nearly 200 events in this catalog, and the resultant estimates scatter between 0.1 and 100 MPa. There is some coherent tectonic signal within this scatter. In the Sanriku (Japan) and Mexico subduction zones, underthrusting earthquakes that occur at the up-dip and down-dip edges of the seismogenic zone have correspondingly low and high values of stress drop. A speculative picture of the stress state of subduction zones emerges from these results. A previous study found that the absolute value of shear stress linearly increases down the seismogenic interface to a value of about 50 MPa at the down-dip edge. In this study, the dynamic stress drop of earthquakes at the up-dip edge is about 0.2 MPa, while large earthquakes at the down-dip edge of the seismogenic plate interface have dynamic stress drops of up to 5 MPa. These results imply that (1) large earthquakes only reduce the shear stress on the plate interface by a small fraction of the absolute level; and thus (2) most of the earthquake energy is partitioned into friction at the plate interface. 相似文献
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—Measurements indicate that stress magnitudes in the crust are normally limited by the frictional equilibrium on pre-existing, optimally oriented faults. Fault zones where these limitations are frequently reached are referred to as seismic zones. Fault zones in the crust concentrate stresses because their material properties are different from those of the host rock. Most fault zones are spatially relatively stable structures, however the associated seismicity in these zones is quite variable in space and time. Here we propose that this variability is attributable to stress-concentration zones that migrate and expand through the fault zone. We suggest that following a large earthquake and the associated stress relaxation, shear stresses of a magnitude sufficient to produce earthquakes occur only in those small parts of the seismic zone that, because of material properties and boundary conditions, encourage concentration of shear stress. During the earthquake cycle, the conditions for seismogenic fault slip migrate from these stress-concentration regions throughout the entire seismic zone. Thus, while the stress-concentration regions continue to produce small slips and small earthquakes throughout the seismic cycle, the conditions for slip and earthquakes are gradually reached in larger parts of, and eventually the whole, seismogenic layer of the seismic zone. Prior to the propagation of an earthquake fracture that gives rise to a large earthquake, the stress conditions in the zone along the whole potential rupture plane must be essentially similar. This follows because if they were not, then, on entering crustal parts where the state of stress was unfavourable to this type of faulting, the fault propagation would be arrested. The proposed necessary homogenisation of the stress field in a seismic zone as a precursor to large earthquakes implies that by monitoring the state of stress in a seismic zone, its large earthquakes may possibly be forecasted. We test the model on data from Iceland and demonstrate that it broadly explains the historical, as well as the current, patterns of seismogenic faulting in the South Iceland Seismic Zone. 相似文献
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Piotr Senatorski 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2008,167(1-2):98-109
A macroscopic model of seismic sources provides a scaling relationship for the apparent stress, treated as a function of three independent parameters: seismic moment, rupture area size, and average slip acceleration. These parameters represent three different factors: kinematic, geometric and material. This relationship allows us to distinguish and explain the following statistical characteristics of the log apparent stress versus log seismic moment plot. The regional trends, represented by a series of 1/2 slope lines, are related to the averaged shape of slip velocity pulses, so they reflect kinematic characteristics of the rupture process. The global trend, represented by the 1/6 slope line, is expected to characterize sets of events of wide range of rupture area sizes and assumes dependence of rupture area size on total slip, so it is related to the rupture initiation, propagation and arrest conditions; therefore, it reflects earthquake rupture dynamics. Additional shiftings among the trend lines obtained for the smallest induced tremors, larger tectonic earthquakes, and slow tsunami earthquakes, reflect differences between the intact rock failure and the frictional slip failure, that is, between fracture energies of these different earthquake classes. 相似文献
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本文把地震矩和地面加速度之间的理论关系与地震烈度和该加速度之间的经验关系结合起来,导出了使用Ⅵ度等震线平均半径估算我国历史大地震矩震级的公式。 我们使用这一公式给出了53个大地震的矩震级,并对其它震源参数作了计算和讨论。从本文的结果来看,板内地震的矩震级不大于9.0。 相似文献
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We calculated the Coulomb failure stress change generated by the 1976 Tangshan earthquake that is projected onto the fault planes and slip directions of large subsequent aftershocks.Results of previous studies on the seismic fail-ure distribution,crustal velocity and viscosity structures of the Tangshan earthquake are used as model constraints.Effects of the local pore fluid pressure and impact of soft medium near the fault are also considered.Our result shows that the subsequent Luanxian and Ninghe earthquakes occurred in the regions with a positive Coulomb fail-ure stress produced by the Tangshan earthquake.To study the triggering effect of the Tangshan,Luanxian,and Ninghe earthquakes on the follow-up small earthquakes,we first evaluate the possible focal mechanisms of small earthquakes according to the regional stress field and co-seismic slip distributions derived from previous studies,assuming the amplitude of regional tectonic stress as 10 MPa.By projecting the stress changes generated by the above three earthquakes onto the possible fault planes and slip directions of small earthquakes,we find that the "butterfly" distribution pattern of increased Coulomb failure stress is consistent with the spatial distribution of follow-up earthquakes,and 95% of the aftershocks occurred in regions where Coulomb failure stresses increase,indicating that the former large earthquakes modulated occurrences of follow-up earthquakes in the Tangshan earthquake sequence.This result has some significance in rapid assessment of aftershock hazard after a large earthquake.If detailed failure distribution,seismogenic fault in the focal area and their slip features can be rapidly determined after a large earthquake,our algorithm can be used to predict the locations of large aftershocks. 相似文献