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1.
本文提出了一种将高分辨率阵列侧向和方位电极系综合在一起的三维侧向测井电极系3D-LS,该电极系具有径向、纵向和周向探测能力。通过有限元数值模拟计算,考察了井眼尺寸、冲洗带电阻率、侵入深度、层厚及围岩电阻率对六种不同探测模式的影响,确定了电极系尺寸和探测特性。分析伪几何因子,低侵时电极系的探测深度最深可达1.5m,其值接近斯伦贝谢双侧向电极系深探测深度,而大于高分辨率方位侧向成像仪深探测深度,并且三维侧向测井电极系可提供多条径向不同深度曲线,可更好地描述地层侵入剖面。无限厚地层条件下,方位电极可识别出厚度0.1m的异常体,利用方位侧向曲线半幅点对应异常体厚度判断,对异常体纵向分层能力可达0.5m。高阻背景下,异常体的电阻率越低,越靠近井眼,方位越大于15度,越易被方位电极探测。数值模拟结果为后续三维侧向测井电极系的研究奠定了基础,对低阻异常评价具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
2.
为了研究斜井泥浆侵入储层的井周岩石物理特征,采用广义曲线坐标系统模拟斜井泥浆侵入特性,进而研究泥浆侵入过程的阵列侧向测井响应.数值仿真表明,采用广义曲线坐标系消除了笛卡儿坐标系统在斜井边界处网格划分的锯齿现象;储层非均质造成泥浆侵入不均匀,储层渗透性越好,泥浆滤液侵入越深;泥浆滤液侵入使得井周地层饱和度、孔隙水矿化度的分布发生变化,进而造成斜井井周岩石电阻率分布剖面复杂变化;泥浆侵入过程中阵列侧向视电阻率变化以及深浅视电阻率的幅度差异,有效反映了斜井泥浆侵入特性;文中采用了基于Marquardt方法的阵列侧向测井四参数反演,有效恢复了斜井储层侵入剖面,得到了原状地层电阻率.斜井泥浆侵入特征及其阵列侧向测井响应模拟分析,有助于正确认识斜井井周岩石物理特征和利用阵列侧向测井进行斜井储层评价. 相似文献
3.
随着复杂油气田的广泛勘探,对测井技术提出了新的要求,阵列感应电阻率的出现可得到较准确的地层真电阻率,但我国的阵列感应电阻率测井仪主要依赖进口,限制了我测井不能在与仪器供给商有利益冲突的国家或地区进行同类作业服务.本文介绍了5频等参数阵列相位感应电阻率测井仪器原理、设计流程,与常规感应电阻率、俄罗斯VIKIZ测井资料的对比.阵列相位差感应电阻率测井仪较好的解决了常规感应测井仪器中存在的纵向分辨率差、径向探测深度浅、井眼影响大、不能解决复杂侵入剖面等问题,具有较好的分辨能力,适合于水淹层测井、薄层测井、剩余油测井. 相似文献
4.
《地球物理学报》2021,64(6)
本文给出超深随钻方位电磁波测井的仪器天线设计及探测模式信号定义;分析各探测模式的探测性能及对地层电阻率、倾角及各向异性的表征能力;定义方位角、井斜角及地层电阻率的敏感性函数,定性分析不同模式对地层参数的敏感性.研究结果表明,超深随钻方位电磁波测井各探测模式具有不同探测特性,探测模式I利用对称设计识别地层边界,消除井斜角及电阻率各向异性的影响,在不同电阻率条件下优选频率及源距,达到最大探测范围;探测模式II采用非对称设计,增强对倾角和电阻率各向异性的敏感性,在井斜角为60°时对电阻率变化尤为敏感;探测模式III在任意井斜角下均不具有方位敏感性,能够有效表征地层电阻率,在水平井条件下受地层各向异性影响最小;探测模式IV在高角度及水平井条件下,能够有效识别电阻率各向异性信息. 相似文献
5.
《应用地球物理》2019,(4)
阵列侧向测井具有分辨率高、探测深度多等优势,但受围岩、侵入等因素影响会导致油层漏失和错判,在阵列侧向测井资料的反演时需要考虑这些因素,以使反演结果反映原状地层真实情况。阵列侧向测井资料的反演遇到的问题是:反演参数多,导致雅克比矩阵计算困难;正演速度慢,反演初值选取困难。为此,本文研发了一种阵列侧向测井资料快速处理方法。首先,分析层厚、围岩及侵入等对阵列侧向测井响应的主控因素;然后,基于深度开窗技术,将全井段的阵列侧向测井资料的处理问题转化为一系列连续深度窗口内地层的2D反演;针对深度窗口内每个地层,结合1D等效快速正演算法,实现地层径向电阻率剖面的快速提取;最后,以1D反演结果为初值,进一步消除围岩和层厚对视电阻率响应的影响。数值模拟结果表明:阵列侧向测井响应受侵入影响严重,而层厚和围岩影响次之;开窗技术极大降低了反演参数数量,提高反演的速度。实际井资料处理结果表明,2D反演实现了对地层纵横向电阻率分布的快速重构,提升了储层饱和度计算的精度。 相似文献
6.
《地球物理学进展》2017,(5)
在大斜度井和水平井中,不同电阻率测井系列测量的结果并非完全一致,测量结果的差异性分析对于正确认识和评价地层非常重要.依据双侧向测井和随钻电磁波测井原理,采用三维有限元素法模拟双侧向在水平井中的测井响应特征,采用积分方程法模拟随钻电磁波电阻率在水平井中的测井响应特征,通过对比分析值模拟结果,造成大斜度井和水平井随钻电阻率与双侧向电阻率测井响应差异的主要因素有:井斜、各向异性、地层界面以及泥浆侵入.随钻电阻率一般受泥浆侵入影响小,但是它在水平井中容易产生极化现象,有助于地层界面识别,同时受各向异性影响明显;而双侧向电阻率在水平地层中对地层界面不敏感,且受各向异性影响相对较弱,但会受泥浆侵入影响严重;正确认识这些差异,可以有效指导水平井的合理解释. 相似文献
7.
随钻电磁波传播方位电阻率仪器在钻井过程中可以提供地层边界的方位及距离信息,因此在地质导向应用中发挥着重要作用,是提高油气资源开采率的重要手段.该技术是国外近十年来发展起来的前沿技术,在国内尚属空白.本文首次构思并实现了一种应用"交联天线"的随钻电磁波传播方位电阻率仪器,并从天线结构,测量原理,数据处理以及地层电阻率成像及解释等几个方面详细阐述.交联天线由极化方向正交的线圈串绕组成,同时具有方位探测和地层背景电阻率测量的功能.通过分析交联天线的电压在仪器旋转过程中的变化规律,可以计算出仪器所在地层的电阻率,判断地层边界的方位以及估算地层边界相距仪器的距离.该随钻电磁波传播方位电阻率仪器还包括用于常规电磁波传播电阻率测试的多频多测距补偿天线结构.结合地层电阻率测量及其在方位上的相对变化,可以实现对地层电阻率的全方位成像.该仪器在国内油田进行了多次实井测试,测试结果证明仪器能够在水平井地质导向中准确提供仪器所在地层的电阻率,以及地层边界方位和距离信息.已有实井测试结果表明仪器在油层(100Ωm)和泥岩(5Ωm)中的地层边界探测深度分别为2.2m和1.6m,平均误差在0.2m以内. 相似文献
8.
为研究过套管电阻率测井仪器的径向探测特性,本文给出了反映地层径向介质变化的几何因子.利用过套管电阻率测井的传输线方程实现了电阻率测井几何因子的数值计算,针对Schlumberger公司的CHFR测井仪和俄罗斯的ЭКОС-31-7测井仪分别计算了几何因子响应曲线,通过曲线分析发现：两种测井仪对低侵剖面（有低阻流体侵入）均有较大的探测半径,但随侵入流体电阻的增大（高侵剖面）仪器的径向探测半径在减小,本文的研究为地层电阻率测井解释和仪器径向探测特性分析提供了理论依据. 相似文献
9.
水平层状介质中侧向电阻率测井快速迭代反演与应用 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：10
侧向电阻率测井由于具有较好的探测深度和较高的纵向分辨率而成为油储地球物理测井中的一种重要方法,是确定储层中油气含量的最方要手段。然而,当地层的厚度小于基纵向分辨率时,由于受井眼泥浆和上下围岩等的影响,实测的视电阻率以已无法反映地层电阻率的起初变化,给油气层的划分及油储层的定量评价带有极大的困难,因此,研究侧向电阻率测井反演不论在理论上还是实际应用上均有非常重要的意义。 相似文献
10.
为研究地层电性变化时不同区域对电磁波测井响应的贡献分布,从响应信号对地层参数求偏导的角度,给出一种新的电阻率敏感性函数定义,引入模式匹配法对纵向成层、径向非均匀介质敏感性分布进行快速模拟;通过对敏感性函数纵、横向积分给出了单发双收线圈系纵、横向探测范围,研究了井眼、频率、背景地层电阻率等对探测特性的影响.结果表明:敏感性函数能够定量表征响应对地层纵向与径向微观与宏观敏感性,幅度比与相位差敏感性分布形态类似,幅度比较广较深,而相位差分辨率高,敏感范围小;敏感性函数进行径向积分后可表征仪器的探测深度,与伪几何因子对比达到了同样的效果;背景地层电阻率在1~100Ωm变化时,工作频率2 MHz下幅度比探测深度约为0.6~2.3m,相位差为0.3~0.8m,幅度比50%纵向积分敏感性层厚约为0.3~1.6m,相位差约为0.2~0.6m;异常体与背景地层电阻率对比度在1~50变化时,引起的探测深度与敏感性层厚差异约为0.1~0.2m,远小于地层电阻率的影响. 相似文献
11.
3D laterolog array sonde design and response simulation 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A new three-dimensional laterolog array sonde (3D-LS) is presented. The 3DLS is based on existing high-resolution laterolog array and azimuthal resistivity imaging sondes with radial, longitudinal, and circumferential detection abilities. Six investigation modes are designed using the 3D finite-element method and different investigation depths are simulated based on the pseudo-geometrical factor of the six modes. The invasion profile is described using multi-array radial logs. From the analysis of the pseudo-geometrical factor, the investigation depth of the 3D-LS is about 1.5 m for conductive invasion, which is close to that of the dual laterolog tool but greater than that of the highly integrated azimuthal laterolog sonde. The vertical and azimuthal resolution is also analyzed with the same method. The 3DLS can detect low-resistivity anomalies of 0.5 m thickness and 15° around the borehole for infinitely thick formations. This study lays the foundation for more work on 3D laterolog array sonde for evaluating low-resistivity anomalies. 相似文献
12.
为研究井周裂缝发育特征,本文提出一种新型方位侧向测井方法,利用三维有限元法,模拟裂缝的方位侧向测井响应.结果显示,深浅侧向电阻率幅度差异受裂缝倾角的控制,低角度缝为负差异,高角度缝为正差异;倾斜裂缝张开度的增大使测井响应值减小,方位电阻率差异增大;井周方位电阻率可反映裂缝方位产状,单一缝或裂缝密度较小时,沿裂缝走向的方位电阻率小,沿裂缝倾向的方位电阻率大;裂缝发育地层的测井响应显示宏观各向异性特征,但方位电阻率的差异显示发生反转现象,即沿裂缝走向/层理方向的方位电阻率大,沿裂缝倾向/垂直层理方向的方位电阻率小;对方位电阻率测井响应进行井周成像,直观显示了裂缝的产状和发育特征. 相似文献
13.
针对环井周的非均质地层模型,利用三维有限元方法模拟了方位梯度电极系的测井响应．结果表明,在非均质程度比较小的情况下,各个方位上的响应之间差别不大,与真实的电阻率分布差别也不大;反之,则差别很大．其特点是所测得的响应远远低于较高的真电阻率值,而接近较低的真电阻率值．因此,有必要对测井响应进行校正．考虑到传统的校正方法的弊端,本文利用非线性反演方法求取真实的电阻率分布,数值模拟的结果表明了此方法的可行性． 相似文献
14.
Finite element numerical simulation has been carried out to investigate quantitatively the response of the three-electrode laterolog borehole tool (LL3) on radial and vertical heterogeneity of the rock. In order to calculate the apparent resistivity from the electric potential and the current discharge of the measurement electrode the probe coefficient of the LL3 tool with finite electrode extent was determined. Two independent methods, a finite element modeling and a semi-analytical solution, resulted in the probe coefficient of approx. 0.15 m with a relative deviation of 2.4% due to the different geometry, resolution and electronics of the models. It was established that LL3 is only slightly sensitive to the presence of mud when the borehole diameter is d ≤ 30 cm and the ratio of the resistivity of rock and the borehole mud is 1 ≤ R t/R m ≤ 1000. Vertical heterogeneity test pointed out that the layer boundaries can be localized exactly even for thin bedded layer (with a thickness of 1 m) and the presence of low-resistive borehole mud. Correction factors were suggested to decrease the biasing effect of the low-resistive borehole mud and the shoulder beds on the apparent resistivity observed by LL3. Finally, it was verified that the probe has large penetration depth with excellent vertical resolution, what explains the enduring popularity of the LL3 tool in well logging. 相似文献
15.
Downhole resistivity measurements provide valuable information for geosteering and formation evaluation. It is important to understand and correct the environmental effects, such as the borehole, the tool eccentricity and the resistivity anisotropy effects, of the measurements based on fast and accurate modelling methods. A new pseudo-analytic solution for eccentric coaxial and tilted-coil antennas in the cylindrically multilayered medium with transverse isotropic conductivity was developed. This method can take the eccentric tool, the borehole, the mud invasion and the resistivity anisotropy into account. These formulas enable us to simulate the responses of the downhole induction logging tools, including induction wireline and azimuthal propagation logging-while-drilling measurements. Instead of using the prior fictitious boundary, the generalized reflection coefficients are proposed to construct the linear matrix functions to deal with the tool eccentricity. The cylindrical functions are reorganized and presented in forms of ratios. Thus, the proposed formulas obviate the overflow issue in the computation and are more stable and efficient. The proposed approach is compared and validated with other well-established methods. Simulations and case studies show that: (1) the responses of azimuthal resistivity logging-while-drilling tool are affected by the tool's eccentricity in both isotropic and anisotropic medium; (2) sine curve behaviours exist for the phase difference and amplitude ratio of azimuthal resistivity measurements along with different eccentricity azimuth. 相似文献
16.
Response simulation and theoretical calibration of a dual-induction resistivity LWD tool 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
In this paper, responses of a new dual-induction resistivity logging-while-drilling （LWD） tool in 3D inhomogeneous formation models are simulated by the vectorfinite element method （VFEM）, the influences of the borehole, invaded zone, surroundingstrata, and tool eccentricity are analyzed, and calibration loop parameters and calibrationcoefficients of the LWD tool are discussed. The results show that the tool has a greater depthof investigation than that of the existing electromagnetic propagation LWD tools and is moresensitive to azimuthal conductivity. Both deep and medium induction responses have linearrelationships with the formation conductivity, considering optimal calibration loop parametersand calibration coefficients. Due to the different depths of investigation and resolution, deepinduction and medium induction are affected differently by the formation model parameters,thereby having different correction factors. The simulation results can provide theoreticalreferences for the research and interpretation of the dual-induction resistivity LWD tools. 相似文献
17.
《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2000,43(1):91-100
In well log interpretation, it is frequently necessary to correct logs for invasion. Invasion occurs in permeable formations when there is a radial differential pressure (RDP) between the borehole and formation. Other factors on which invasion depend include saturation, mobility, pressure (RDP) and capillary pressure, permeability and viscosity of fluids, and temperature transient effects associated with the mud filtrate injected into the formation. Thus, simulation of realistic invasion is not an easy task. This work reviews the famous Buckley–Leverett mathematical model in cylindrical coordinates appropriate for borehole geometries. The model predicts multiphase invasion in porous media when gravity, capillary pressure, and mud cake can be neglected. One application is to correct logging while drilling (LWD) and wireline resistivity logs for time-dependent invasion and formation temperature effects. This is important, for example, when there are possible large differences in formation and mud temperature. Modeling studies show these effects can be large enough to noticeably influence resistivity logs. However, after correction, difference in LWD and wireline logs arising from the time-dependent heat process are explained. Thus, the method, when coupled to a time-dependent heat flow model, and a response function formulation of resistivity, yields new insight into the influence of thermal and electrical transients in log interpretation. 相似文献