共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
在无线电GPS大气掩星观测中,GPS和LEO卫星的位置误差、速度误差、卫星钟的漂移、载波相位观测误差等会给其反演的大气参量带来一定的误差.为定量分析上述GPS测量误差对大气掩星反演精度的影响,本文采用模拟分析的方法,利用CHAMP实测轨道数据和大气与电离层经验模式,采用三维射线追踪方法模拟得到大气附加相位观测数据;然后根据各种GPS测量误差的不同性质,在模拟掩星观测大气附加相位数据中加入GPS测量误差并进行反演,将其反演结果与未加入误差时的反演结果进行比较,分析各测量误差所带来的掩星反演误差的特点;利用一天的151个分布全球的掩星事件的误差结果进行统计分析.结果表明:(1)±10 m的GPS径向位置误差引起的温度反演误差的平均误差在30 km的高度为(-+)0.8K,标准偏差为0.05K;±0.4 m的LEO径向位置误差引起的温度反演误差的平均误差在30 km的高度为(-+)1.2K,标准偏差为0.07K.(2)仅考虑卫星速度误差对掩星几何关系的影响,则±30 m/s的GPS速度误差引起的温度反演误差的平均误差最大为±0.02K,标准偏差为0.3K;±10 m/s的LEO速度误差引起的温度反演误差的平均误差最大为±0.4K,标准偏差为0.06K.(3)当卫星钟漂为1×10-9时,反演温度误差的平均误差在30 km的高度为263K,标准偏差为16K,当卫星钟漂为1×10-14时,反演温度误差的平均误差在30km的高度为0.019K,标准偏差为0.004K.(4)当L1和L2载波相位观测误差分别为1 mm和2 mm时,引起的温度反演的平均误差在30 km的高度为0.01K,标准偏差为0.4K.(5)利用较接近真实观测的三维大气和电离层背景下的模拟附加相位数据,同时加入国际最新指标的各种GPS测量误差进行反演,误差分析结果为:在30 km以下,折射率和密度的相对误差小于0.3%(1σ),压强的相对误差小于0.5%(1σ),温度误差小于1K(1σ). 相似文献
2.
Fernald前向积分法能否用于机载大气探测激光雷达气溶胶后向散射系数的反演一直是一个有争议的课题.本文利用青岛机载大气探测激光雷达实测数据、国外机载大气探测激光雷达实测数据和机载大气探测激光雷达模拟数据,对Fernald前向积分法应用于不同高度的机载大气探测激光雷达气溶胶后向散射系数反演的误差进行了定量分析,分析结果表明:飞机的飞行高度在3.5 km左右,标定值存在20%的误差时,离地面2 km的高度范围内反演得到的气溶胶后向散射系数的相对误差在12%以内,但在标定点附近相对误差可达20%;飞机飞行高度在7 km左右,当标定值存在100%的误差时,反演得到的气溶胶后向散射系数的相对误差大都在10%~15%之间,标定值存在400%的误差时,反演得到的气溶胶后向散射系数的相对误差大部分在15%~50%之间.本文从理论上对Fernald前向积分法应用于机载大气探测激光雷达气溶胶后向散射系数反演出现负值的原因进行了探讨.研究表明:Fernald前向积分法能够较准确地反演出中高空探测(4.5 km以上)机载大气探测激光雷达气溶胶后向散射系数,但应用于低空探测(4.5 km以下)机载大气探测激光雷达气溶胶后向散射系数反演时,反演误差较大甚至反演结果会出现负值. 相似文献
3.
本文利用TIMED/SABER 2002年1月至2013年1月共11年的卫星温度探测数据,通过全球网格化及在网格内作数学统计的方法,得到了20~100km高度上全球网格点上温度的平均值和标准差,实现了对临近空间全球大气扰动进行定量刻画的目的.通过定量分析温度标准差的分布特性,文中得到了临近空间大气扰动的全球分布规律,并讨论了与这些分布规律相关的物理过程.结果表明,在20~70km高度上,温度标准差为1~10K,有显著的冬季/夏季的差异,冬季的温度标准差比夏季大;大气重力波扰动是最主要来源,同时大气传播性行星波引起的扰动也是来源之一.在70~100km高度上,温度标准差常年较强,量值为10~30K,冬季/夏季的差异小,低纬地区的温度标准差高于中高纬度地区,呈现许多局地化的小结构.大气重力波是引起该区域大气总扰动量的主要扰动来源,大气潮汐波、传播性行星波(准2天、准6.5天)也有重要贡献. 相似文献
4.
本文利用2009年1月-2011年12月共3年的COSMIC大气掩星观测数据与SABER/TIMED探测数据开展15~60 km大气温度数据的比较分析研究,计算COSMIC与SABER/TIMED探测温度的绝对偏差(TSABER-TCOSMIC),并统计其平均温度偏差和标准偏差,分析温度偏差随高度、纬度和季节的分布特征,为COSMIC大气掩星与SABER/TIMED探测数据的应用提供更多的参考依据.结果表明:COSMIC与SABER/TIMED数据所反映的温度随高度的变化特征是一致的,数据的大体趋势吻合较好.全球范围的平均温度偏差在38 km左右接近于0 K,在38 km以上,平均温度偏差表现为负的系统性偏差,且随着高度逐渐增大,在38 km以下,平均温度偏差表现为正的系统性偏差,在23 km左右存在极大值,约为2.7 K.COSMIC与SABER/TIMED温度偏差的分布存在着随纬度和季节的变化特征,35 km以下,平均温度偏差在高纬地区和冬季较小,低纬地区和夏季较大,35 km以上,平均温度偏差在高纬地区和冬季较大,低纬地区和夏季较小.温度偏差的标准偏差在低纬地区和夏季较小,高纬地区和冬季较大.纬圈平均的温度偏差在南北半球的分布基本呈对称结构. 相似文献
5.
本文以MSIS90大气模式和3D NeUoG电离层模式为大气背景,用三维射线追踪法模拟研究了太阳活动强度、地方时、掩星平面方位角对弯曲角电离层残差和温度电离层残差的影响,以及电离层残差对全球日平均温度的影响.结果表明：电离层残差是平流层顶部（35~50 km）和中间层底部（50~70 km）掩星大气温度反演的主要误差.在太阳活动活跃期,电离层残差对单一掩星事件的平流层顶部平均温度的影响可达1.8 K,中间层底部平均温度的影响可达7 K;对全球日平均温度的影响在平流层顶可达-0.6 K,在70 km高度处可达1.2 K.发展新的电离层改正方法或电离层残差修正算法对提高掩星大气反演精度和全球气候监测意义重大. 相似文献
6.
7.
中层大气温度变化的探测与研究是当前气候变化研究课题的一个组成部分,本文基于海南激光雷达2010—2020年间的长期观测,通过对中层大气Rayleigh散射信号的反演,探讨了海口(19.9°N,110.3°E)上空中层大气(32～64 km)温度变化特性.研究结果显示,中层大气温度呈周期性变化趋势,年、半年、季节变化幅度最大值分别为6.0、3.8、1.7 K,平流层顶位于42～51 km高度,日平均温度最高为～262 K.平流层温度主要表现为年变化趋势,半年和季节变化不明显;平流层顶和低中间层温度变化趋势具有年和半年变化特征,季节变化不明显.在太阳活动性发生明显变化的周期里,平流层顶温度的年际变化趋势对辐射通量F10.7指数变化有较明显的响应;而在太阳活动平静的年份里,温度变化趋势与太阳辐射通量变化的相关性不明显. 相似文献
8.
GPS大气掩星探测技术可以获得全球大气折射率、气压、密度、温度和水汽压等气象参数，该技术基本原理是基于几何光学近似的Abel积分反演.地球扁率、电离层传播时间延迟、大气大尺度水平梯度、多路径传播现象等因素在某些高度范围影响大气反演的精度.本文采用模拟的方法，分析其中地球扁率及电离层对反演结果的影响，并讨论局部圆弧修正及电离层修正的效果.利用CHAMP掩星实测轨道数据和有关电离层和大气经验模式、采用三维射线追踪方法模拟计算几种情形下的GPS掩星观测附加相位数据，对模拟数据进行反演，将反演气象参量剖面与模拟时给定模式剖面进行比较，得到了0～60 km高度范围内的反演误差.误差统计分析结果表明，局部圆弧中心的修正以及电离层修正，对于高精度的GPS掩星反演是非常重要的；电离层修正残差仍是制约30～60 km高度范围内反演精度的重要因素，进一步完善和优化大气掩星反演需要发展新的电离层修正算法. 相似文献
9.
我们采用COSMIC掩星系统提供的2009年1月1日至2010年12月31日的GPS信号信噪比（signal-to-noise ratio,SNR）的观测数据,通过计算SNR数据的归一化标准差对80~130 km高度范围内的中国内陆偶发E层（Sporadic E,Es）的空间分布以及垂直厚度等特性进行分析研究,获得了Es发生率的空间分布以及发生率随着季节的变化特征.中国内陆30°N纬线以上区域Es分布随季节变化较为明显,夏季最多,秋季次之,春冬季最少,而南部低纬地区发生率水平常年较高.一般情况下Es主要存在于90~110 km高度范围内,但在夏季100 km高度以下探测到了较多的Es事件,且主要表现为多层Es结构,可能是由大气重力波引起Es下行运动所致.Es厚度的分布统计表明：大结构Es的厚度分布在2.5~3 km范围内存在峰值,小结构Es厚度分布峰值出现在150~200 m范围内. 相似文献
10.
热层大气密度是空间大气环境的重要参数,经过多年的研究已开发了多种大气模式,但其误差普遍较大,尤其在磁暴期间偏差值甚至超过100%.本文利用中国星载大气密度探测器和CHAMP卫星加速度计在轨获得的连续探测数据,针对近10年(2003—2014)中多次强磁暴事件和多次中等强度扰动事件,即2003年11月、2004年7月和2005年8~9月多次强磁暴事件(Kp值均达到9),2006年4月、2012年4月的两次中等强度磁暴事件(Kp值分别达到7和6),分析和比对不同强度磁扰事件期间不同高度全球大气密度就位探测值与模式值(NRLMSISE00)之间的差别.在2005年8月24日强磁扰事件中,560 km高度中国卫星就位探测值上涨幅度约2~3倍,扰动区中的增变比高达5.7倍,375 km高度CHAMP卫星就位探测值上涨幅度约0.8倍,扰动区中增变比达4.0倍,期间大气密度模式值不仅没有出现明显的涨落,更没有出现强烈的区域扰动;在2003年11月和2004年7月的强磁扰事件中,CHAMP卫星就位探测值均有显著涨变和强烈扰动变化,而模式值无明显扰动变化;在中等强度磁扰事件中,高度560 km附近就位探测值在北、南半球高纬地区显著上涨,远高于模式值,高度350 km附近就位探测值在地球阴影区域显著上涨,上涨幅度也大于模式值.分析结果表明现有大气模式对地磁扰动(尤其是强磁暴事件)期间全球热层大气密度的响应并不明显,需要进一步改善. 相似文献
11.
《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2008,70(10):1281-1288
Simultaneous and complete temperature profiles from near ground to about 100 km are essential for studying the dynamical coupling between different atmospheric layers. They are acquired by combining three different lidar techniques at Wuhan, China (30.5°N, 114.4°E). The atmospheric temperatures from about 3 to 25 km are calculated from the nitrogen molecule density profiles obtained from the N2 vibrational Raman backscatter, while the atmospheric temperatures between 30 and ∼75 km are calculated by the standard Rayleigh scattering method. The temperatures in the 80–100 km altitude region are derived from the Fe Boltzmann technique. The temperature profiles measured by our lidar systems exhibit good agreement when compared with the radiosonde and satellite data, as well as the model. A Lomb–Scargle spectral analysis of the normalized temperature perturbations in the altitude range from 4 to 60 km shows that the spectral slopes of the vertical wave number spectra tended to −3 for large vertical wave numbers. This is consistent with the model predictions of saturated gravity wave spectra. 相似文献
12.
S. Sridharan P. Vishnu Prasanth Y. Bhavani Kumar 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2009,71(13):1463-1470
The present study reports long-term variabilities and trends in the middle atmospheric temperature (March 1998–2008) derived from Rayleigh backscattered signals received by the Nd:YAG lidar system at Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E). The monthly mean temperature compositely averaged for the years 1998–2008 shows maximum temperature of 270 K in the months of March–April and September at altitudes between 45 and 55 km. The altitude profile of trend coefficients estimated from the 10 years of temperature observations using regression analysis shows that there exists cooling at the rate with 1σ uncertainty of 0.12±0.1 K/year in the lower stratospheric altitudes (35–42 km) and 0.2±0.08 K/year at altitudes near 55–60 km. The trend is nearly zero (no significant cooling or warming) at altitudes 40–55 km. The regression analysis reveals the significant ENSO response in the lower stratosphere (1 K/SOI) and also in mesosphere (0.6 K/SOI). The solar cycle response shows negative maxima of 1.5 K/100F10.7 units at altitudes 36 km, 41 km and 1 K/100F10.7 units at 57 km. The response is positive at mesospheric altitude near 67 km (1.3 K/100F10.7 units). The amplitudes and phases of semiannual, annual and quasi-biennial oscillations are estimated using least squares method. The semiannual oscillation shows larger amplitudes at altitudes near 35, 45, 62 and 74 km whereas the annual oscillation peaks at 70 km. The quasi-biennial oscillations show larger amplitudes below 35 km and above 70 km. The phase profiles of semiannual and annual oscillations show downward propagation. 相似文献
13.
利用子午工程海南激光雷达对我国海南地区上空进行持续观测,通过3年的累积观测数据对我国低纬度地区重力波活动的季节分布特性进行研究,依据重力波线性理论对海南地区上空的大气密度扰动规律、空间功率谱及时间频率谱进行分析,并通过选择波长在1km至8km范围内具有特定波长以及具有波动周期为60 min至25min的特定频率的重力波辅助研究大气密度扰动的季节变化规律,总结得出海南地区重力波活动具有夏季大、春秋季小、而冬季依然频繁的季节性分布规律.结合海南地区特殊的地理位置与当地季节性气候特征分析得出海南地区上空重力波活动季节性变化的可能原因为青藏高原地形及我国南海地区存在的热带强对流与赤道潜流共同作用的结果. 相似文献
14.
A new multi-telescope scanning Raman lidar designed to measure the water vapor mixing ratio in the atmospheric boundary layer for a complete diurnal cycle with high resolution spatial (1.25 m) and temporal (1 s) resolutions is presented. The high resolution allows detailed measurements of the lower atmosphere and offers new opportunities for evaporation and boundary layer research, atmospheric profiling and visualization. This lidar utilizes a multi-telescope design that provides for an operational range with a nearly constant signal-to-noise ratio, which allows for statistical investigations of atmospheric turbulence. This new generation ground-based water vapor Raman lidar is described, and first observations from the Turbulent Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiment (TABLE) are presented. Direct comparison with in-situ point measurements obtained during the field campaign demonstrate the ability of the lidar to reliably measure the water vapor mixing ratio. Horizontal measurements taken with time are used to determine the geometric characteristics of coherent structures. Vertical scans are used to visualize nocturnal jet features, layered structures within a stably stratified atmosphere and the internal boundary layer structure over a lake. 相似文献
15.
P. Keckhut 《Annales Geophysicae》1995,13(6):641-647
Temperature and wind data obtained with Rayleigh lidar since 1979 and Russian rockets since 1964 are analyzed to deduce the summer response of the middle atmosphere to short-term solar UV changes. The equivalent width of the 1083 nm He I line is used as a proxy to monitor the short-term UV flux changes. Spectral analyses are performed on 108-day windows to extract the 27-day component from temperature, wind and solar data sets. Linear regressions between these spectral harmonics show some significant correlations around 45 km at mid-latitudes. For large 27-day solar cycles, amplitudes of 2 K and 6 m s−1 are calculated for temperature data series over the south of France (44°N), and on wind data series over Volgograd (49°N), respectively. Cross-spectrum analyses have indicated correlations between these atmospheric parameters and the solar proxy with a phase lag of less than 2 days. These statistically correlative results, which provide good qualitative agreement with numerical simulations, are both obtained at mid-latitude. However, the observed amplitudes are larger than expected, with numerical models suggesting that dynamical processes such as equatorial or gravity waves may be responsible. 相似文献
16.
Recent developments of 30 m global land characterization datasets(e.g., land cover, vegetation continues field) represent the finest spatial resolution inputs for global scale studies. Here, we present results from further improvement to land cover mapping and impact analysis of spatial resolution on area estimation for different land cover types. We proposed a set of methods to aggregate two existing 30 m resolution circa 2010 global land cover maps, namely FROM-GLC(Finer Resolution Observation and Monitoring-Global Land Cover) and FROM-GLC-seg(Segmentation), with two coarser resolution global maps on development, i.e., Nighttime Light Impervious Surface Area(NL-ISA) and MODIS urban extent(MODIS-urban), to produce an improved 30 m global land cover map—FROM-GLC-agg(Aggregation). It was post-processed using additional coarse resolution datasets(i.e., MCD12Q1, GlobCover2009, MOD44 W etc.) to reduce land cover type confusion. Around 98.9% pixels remain 30 m resolution after some post-processing to this dataset. Based on this map, majority aggregation and proportion aggregation approaches were employed to create a multi-resolution hierarchy(i.e., 250 m, 500 m, 1 km, 5 km, 10 km, 25 km, 50 km, 100 km) of land cover maps to meet requirements for different resolutions from different applications. Through accuracy assessment, we found that the best overall accuracies for the post-processed base map(at 30 m) and the three maps subsequently aggregated at 250 m, 500 m, 1 km resolutions are 69.50%, 76.65%, 74.65%, and 73.47%, respectively. Our analysis of area-estimation biases for different land cover types at different resolutions suggests that maps at coarser than 5 km resolution contain at least 5% area estimation error for most land cover types. Proportion layers, which contain precise information on land cover percentage, are suggested for use when coarser resolution land cover data are required. 相似文献
17.
S. Sridharan K. Raghunath S. Sathishkumar D. Nath 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2010,72(14-15):1139-1146
Rayleigh lidar observations at Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E) show an enhancement of the nightly mean temperature by 10–15 K at altitudes 70–80 km and of gravity wave potential energy at 60–70 km during the 2009 major stratospheric warming event. An enhanced quasi-16-day wave activity is observed at 50–70 km in the wavelet spectrum of TIMED–SABER temperatures, possibly due to the absence of a critical level in the low-latitude stratosphere because of less westward winds caused by this warming event. The observed low-latitude mesospheric warming could be due to wave breaking, as waves are damped at 80 km. 相似文献
18.
Seasonal temperature variations near the mesopause according to the hydroxyl emission measurements in Zvenigorod 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
V. I. Perminov 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2009,49(6):797-804
The rotational temperatures of hydroxyl molecules with different vibrational excitation, which were used to determine the
seasonal variations in the vertical temperature distribution near the mesopause at altitudes of 85–90 km, have been obtained
based on the spectral measurements of the atmospheric nightglow at IFA RAN observatory in Zvenigorod. The obtained characteristics
of the annual and semiannual harmonics have been compared with their lidar and satellite measurements and model representations. 相似文献
19.
钠多普勒激光雷达利用中层顶区域的钠原子作为示踪物,探测中层顶区域大气风场和温度剖面.本文主要分析钠多普勒激光雷达的探测原理和大气参数反演算法.利用MSISE和HWM93等大气模型给出背景大气温度、密度及风场,并给定钠原子数密度剖面,从激光雷达方程出发,模拟计算了激光雷达的瑞利散射和钠共振荧光散射回波光子数.利用模拟的回波光子数剖面数据,反演得到大气温度、视线风速和钠原子数密度剖面,反演结果与模拟计算用的背景参数符合很好,验证了这一反演方法的正确性.分析了激光频率偏移和激光线宽变化对反演精度的影响. 相似文献