共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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一、引言 在地球弓激波前存在着低频磁流体波。这种低频磁流体波是太阳风在地球弓激波上的反射粒子和太阳风粒子之间相互作用产生的。根据人造卫星的观测资料可以得到,在地球弓激波前,Pc3-4脉动频率范围内的低频磁流体波的主频率和行星际磁场强度 相似文献
2.
2007年3月3日位于磁层昏侧THEMIS的5颗卫星、同步轨道晨侧和午前的GOES 3颗卫星和地面地磁台站同时观测到了持续近4 h的Pc5 ULF波.我们用交叉小波相关分析计算脉动的传播速度,用MVA分析求解脉动的传播方向,然后结合两者的计算结果获得了Pc5相速度矢量信息.THEMIS卫星观测到Pc5具有压缩特性,且向阳传播,速度约在6~20 km/s左右,相比于磁层中阿尔芬速度(1000 km/s)较低.这些Pc5 ULF波动可能产生于磁尾或磁层内部不稳定性.GOES 3颗卫星观测到不同情况的Pc5 ULF波,极向模占主要成分,且具有波包结构,具有阿尔芬驻波特性,可能产生于K-H(Kelvin-Helmholtz)不稳定性.地面台站观测到ULF波扰动幅度随纬度升高而增强,Pc5脉动在地理纬度60°附近达到最大值, Dumont durville台站观测到的脉动与THEMIS观测到波形有很好的相似性. 相似文献
3.
太阳风—磁层耦合过程会产生各种等离子体波,其中超低频波的频率最低(1 mHz～1 Hz)、波长最长(与内磁层磁力线长度相当)、能量密度最大.超低频波在磁层粒子加速、物质输运和能量转化中起着重要作用.以往的研究主要关注超低频波的全球性传播和分布特征以及这些波动与磁层能量粒子(辐射带电子和环电流离子)的相互作用过程.最近几... 相似文献
4.
本文利用Cluster卫星2004年11月8日的观测数据,分析了磁尾等离子体片中与地向周期性高速离子流相伴随的ULF波.结果显示周期性高速流的速度波动与磁场和温度中的ULF波同时出现、同时增强、同时消失,而且波动的频率都集中在60~70 mHz.这说明磁场和温度ULF波与周期性高速流密切相关,周期性高速流是ULF波产生的来源.高速流波动的相位与磁场波动的相位大致反相关,与热离子温度波动的相位正相关,同时磁场波动与热离子温度波动呈相位反相关的特性.最小方差法分析的结果显示虽然波传播方向有地向分量,但其主要传播方向是向等离子体片中心传播,并与周期性高速流速度方向垂直.以上观测说明是高速流的周期性变化产生了磁场在Pi1频率范围内的ULF波. 相似文献
5.
2004年9月17日TC-1卫星在近地磁尾夜侧观测到一次伴随有通量堆积和偶极化过程的典型亚暴事件.本文利用离散小波分析和FFT分析方法对本次事件中4 s精度的FGM和HIA数据进行分析,以了解通量堆积过程和偶极化过程中的低频波特性.分析结果表明,通量堆积过程和偶极化过程中场和粒子有明显的不规则低频波动,主要波动频率范围为4~15 mHz,和Pi-2脉动一致.通量堆积过程中磁场各个分量的低频波动和偶极化过程中的低频波动有明显不同,表明这两个物理过程可能存在不同的波动机制.在通量堆积过程和偶极化过程中,平行磁场方向上温度和速度的波动和垂直方向上温度和速度的波动有明显区别,平行磁场方向上温度和速度的波动有较好的相关性,且热离子密度的波动和平行磁场方向上的波动有较好的相关性,表明存在快模压缩波.TC-1卫星的观测显示通量堆积过程中磁场By分量有明显增长.我们的分析结果表明ULF波与By分量的增长有密切关系,从而可能对亚暴膨胀相的触发有重要影响. 相似文献
6.
电离层人工调制可以激发甚低频（VLF）波,其中向上传播进入磁层的VLF波,不但能够用来研究磁层中的各种物理现象,且具有人工沉降高能粒子,消除辐射带等实际用途.本文使用射线追踪方法,模拟电离层调制激发的VLF波在磁层的传播路径,分析激发纬度和调制频率对传播路径和传播特性的影响;并基于低频波的色散方程和波粒共振条件,分析VLF波传播路径上与磁层高能粒子的最低共振能及其分布.研究表明,VLF波通过在磁层来回反射向更高的L-shell传播,最终稳定在某一L-shell附近.以较低的调制频率或者从较高的纬度激发的VLF波能够传播到更高的L-shell,但是,当激发纬度过高时,低频波也可能不发生磁层反射而直接进入电离层和大气层.低频波在磁层的传播过程中,在较高的纬度或者较低的L-shell能够与较高能量的电子发生共振相互作用,在较高的L-shell并且低纬地区,能够与较低能量的电子发生共振相互作用.共振谐数越高,能发生波粒共振的电子能量越高. 相似文献
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8.
风浪成长过程的空间演化方程 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从海气相互作用的物理本质出发, 通过引入特征波的概念, 提出了能够合理刻画风浪成长过程的反馈型风浪空间演化方程. 虽然该方程非常简单, 但却包含了风浪成长过程中主要的控制因素, 可清晰地解释风浪成长过程中能量不断向低频转移的物理现象, 而无需借助非线性波 —— 波相互作用的概念, 所得到的各项结果与各种观测结果非常符合. 给出了一种既适用于实验室也适用于外海的风浪波高成长规律, 进一步坚实了利用实验室进行风浪研究的物理基础. 建立的风浪成长过程空间演化方程为海气相互作用机理研究以及海浪预报提供了一种新的思路. 相似文献
9.
本文研究了0.1~10 Hz频率范围内的ULF波从磁层到地面的传播,得到了解析解,分析了电离层Alfven谐振器、磁倾角、电离层电导率、以及波频率对地面观测到的地磁信号的影响.数值结果表明:在磁层中剪切波在竖直方向有明显的谐振结构;地面观测到的信号在IAR谐振频率出现极大值,其谐振频率随磁倾角的增大而增大;电离层电导率的变化可以改变IAR的谐振频率,并能改变波的透射,从而影响地面地磁信号的频谱. 相似文献
10.
存在一种震前超低频密度—应力波的更多证据 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
笔者曾指出存在一种震前由孕震区发出的地下构造中的超低频密度-应力波,而且这种波的性质与国外学者提出的"热力学弹性回跳"理论符合得很好,并列举了天文时纬残差、地下深部物质视电阻率和震前地壳突变性形变3个方面的观测证据来证明这种波的存在.我们进一步发现,我国地震工作者在对地震的长期观测和监视工作中,实际上已经获得了支持存在这种震前超低频密度-应力波的很多实测结果.大量实测数据既是这种波存在的证据,又是研究这种波的性质的第一手资料.本文将与震前超低频密度-应力波的特征符合得较好的实测资料择要列出,并与该波的特征相比较.分析表明,这些测量所反映的很可能就是这种震前超低频密度-应力波,因此也就反映了这种波的波源-震前缓慢而剧烈的地下介质扰动. 相似文献
11.
Ultra low frequency (ULF) wave activity in the high-latitude ionosphere has been observed by a high frequency (HF) Doppler sounder located at Tromsø, Norway (69.71°N, 19.2°E geographic coordinates). A statistical study of the occurrence of these waves has been undertaken from data collected between 1979 and 1984. The diurnal, seasonal, solar cycle and geomagnetic activity variations in occurrence have been investigated. The findings demonstrate that the ability of the sounder to detect ULF wave signatures maximises at the equinoxes and that there is a peak in occurrence in the morning sector. The occurrence rate is fairly insensitive to changes associated with the solar cycle but increases with the level of geomagnetic activity. As a result, it has been possible to characterise the way in which prevailing ionospheric and magnetospheric conditions affect such observations of ULF waves. 相似文献
12.
Magnetic Pulsations: Their Sources and Relation
to Solar Wind and Geomagnetic Activity 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Ultra low frequency (ULF) waves incident on the Earth are produced by processes in the magnetosphere and solar wind. These
processes produce a wide variety of ULF hydromagnetic wave types that are classified on the ground as either Pi or Pc pulsations
(irregular or continuous). Waves of different frequencies and polarizations originate in different regions of the magnetosphere.
The location of the projections of these regions onto the Earth depends on the solar wind dynamic pressure and magnetic field.
The occurrence of various waves also depends on conditions in the solar wind and in the magnetosphere. Changes in orientation
of the interplanetary magnetic field or an increase in solar wind velocity can have dramatic effects on the type of waves
seen at a particular location on the Earth. Similarly, the occurrence of a magnetospheric substorm or magnetic storm will
affect which waves are seen. The magnetosphere is a resonant cavity and waveguide for waves that either originate within or
propagate through the system. These cavities respond to broadband sources by resonating at discrete frequencies. These cavity
modes couple to field line resonances that drive currents in the ionosphere. These currents reradiate the energy as electromagnetic
waves that propagate to the ground. Because these ionospheric currents are localized in latitude there are very rapid variations
in wave phase at the Earth’s surface. Thus it is almost never correct to assume that plane ULF waves are incident on the Earth
from outer space. The properties of ULF waves seen at the ground contain information about the processes that generate them
and the regions through which they have propagated. The properties also depend on the conductivity of the Earth underneath
the observer. Information about the state of the solar wind and the magnetosphere distributed by the NOAA Space Disturbance
Forecast Center can be used to help predict when certain types and frequencies of waves will be observed. The study of ULF
waves is a very active field of space research and much has yet to be learned about the processes that generate these waves. 相似文献
13.
N. F. Blagoveshchenskaya V. A. Kornienko A. V. Petlenko A. Brekke M. T. Rietveld 《Annales Geophysicae》1998,16(10):1212-1225
We present an analysis of phenomena observed by HF distance-diagnostic tools located in St. Petersburg combined with multi-instrument observation at Tromsø in the HF modified ionosphere during a magnetospheric substorm. The observed phenomena that occurred during the Tromsø heating experiment in the nightside auroral Es region of the ionosphere depend on the phase of substorm. The heating excited small-scale field-aligned irregularities in the E region responsible for field-aligned scattering of diagnostic HF waves. The equipment used in the experiment was sensitive to electron density irregularities with wavelengths 12–15 m across the geomagnetic field lines. Analysis of the Doppler measurement data shows the appearance of quasiperiodic variations with a Doppler frequency shift, fd and periods about 100–120 s during the heating cycle coinciding in time with the first substorm activation and initiation of the upward field-aligned currents. A relationship between wave variations in fd and magnetic pulsations in the Y-component of the geomagnetic field at Tromsø was detected. The analysis of the magnetic field variations from the IMAGE magnetometer stations shows that ULF waves occurred, not only at Tromsø, but in the adjacent area bounded by geographical latitudes from 70.5° to 68° and longitudes from 16° to 27°. It is suggested that the ULF observed can result from superposition of the natural and heater-induced ULF waves. During the substorm expansion a strong stimulated electromagnetic emission (SEE) at the third harmonic of the downshifted maximum frequency was found. It is believed that SEE is accompanied by excitation of the VLF waves penetrating into magneto-sphere and stimulating the precipitation of the energetic electrons (10–40 keV) of about 1-min duration. This is due to a cyclotron resonant interaction of natural precipitating electrons (1–10 keV) with heater-induced whistler waves in the magnetosphere. It is reasonable to suppose that a new substorm activation, exactly above Tromsø, was closely connected with the heater-induced precipitation of energetic electrons. 相似文献
14.
Hans W. Giertz 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2010,72(9-10):767-773
The present paper reveals that the air contains electromagnetic energy of extremely low frequency, low amplitude as well as of a low phase speed. The energy is of great interest because of its impact on certain biological processes. It is created by the interaction of two well-known phenomena. The rotation of the earth generates 24 h periods currents in the magnetosphere, known as the Birkeland currents. The currents generate transverse electromagnetic waves (EM waves) propagating parallel to the geomagnetic field lines. Furthermore, the air and the earth crust contain electrons caused by the global electric circuit. The electric field vectors of the EM waves exert a force on these electrons, causing them to oscillate and thus generate currents of extremely low frequency both in the air and in the earth crust. A theoretical model of the system is presented and measurement techniques are described. Measurements have been performed during a six year period. The results of the performed measurements verified the theoretical model. Impact on biological processes is discussed. 相似文献
15.
G.D. Aburjania Kh.Z. Chargazia O.A. Kharshiladze 《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2010,72(13):971-981
The generation and further linear and nonlinear dynamics of planetary ultra-low-frequency (ULF) waves are investigated in the rotating dissipative ionosphere in the presence of inhomogeneous zonal wind (shear flow). Planetary ULF magnetized Rossby type waves appear as a result of interaction of the medium with the spatially inhomogeneous geomagnetic field. An effective linear mechanism responsible for the intensification and mutual transformation of large scale magnetized Rossby type and small scale inertial waves is found. For shear flows, the operators of the linear problem are not self-conjugate, and therefore the eigenfunctions of the problem may not be orthogonal and can hardly be studied by the canonical modal approach. Hence, it becomes necessary to use the so-called nonmodal mathematical analysis. The nonmodal analysis shows that the transformation of wave disturbances in shear flows is due to the non-orthogonality of eigenfunctions of the problem in the conditions of linear dynamics. Using numerical modeling, the peculiar features of the interaction of waves with the background flow as well as the mutual transformation of wave disturbances are illustrated in the ionosphere. It has been shown that the shear flow driven wave perturbations effectively extract an energy of the shear flow increasing the own energy and amplitude. These perturbations undergo self-organization in the form of the nonlinear solitary vortex structures due to nonlinear twisting of the perturbation’s front. Depending on the features of the velocity profiles of the shear flows the nonlinear vortex structures can be either monopole vortices or vortex streets and vortex chains. 相似文献
16.
To quantify the level of low-frequency wave activity of the magnetosphere and IMF, a set of the ULF wave power indices has been introduced. We demonstrate that the ULF activity global level can be very useful in space weather related problems. The application of the interplanetary index to an analysis of auroral activity driving has shown that a turbulent IMF drives auroral activity more strongly than the laminar solar wind does. The enhancements of relativistic electrons at the geosynchronous orbit are known not to be directly related to the intensity of magnetic storms. We found that the electron dynamics correlated well with long-lasting intervals of elevated ground ULF wave index. This fact confirms the importance of magnetospheric ULF turbulence in energizing electrons up to relativistic energies. The time-integrated ULF index demonstrates a significantly higher correlation with electron fluxes, which implies the occurrence of a cumulative effect in the electron energization. 相似文献
17.
18.
On the Generation of ULF Magnetic Variations by Conductivity Fluctuations in a Fault Zone 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
G. D. Egbert 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2002,159(6):1205-1227
v--vPrior to the October 18, 1989 Loma Prieta Ms 7.1 earthquake, Fraser-Smith et al. (1990) recorded a 10-100 fold increase in ultra-low frequency (ULF) magnetic fields near the earthquake epicenter. Several mechanisms for generation of these ULF fields by fluid flow in the earth have been advanced, but all appear to require unrealistic fluid velocities or hydraulic permeabilities to match the observations. As an alternative explanation, Merzer and Klemperer (1998) proposed that the increase in ULF magnetic fields could result from induced electric currents flowing in a fault-zone made temporarily much more electrically conductive by stress-induced reorganization of pore geometry. Using a numerical model we show that while this mechanism could produce a significant increase in ULF variations, mutual induction between the fault zone and the surrounding crust would probably limit the amplitude increase to levels well below those observed at Loma Prieta. We consider a variant on this quasi-static conductive fault zone model in which low frequency telluric currents are modulated by small higher frequency variations of bulk fault zone conductivity. We show that because the spectrum of natural EM variations is red, substantially larger relative increases in ULF magnetic fields could be produced by this mechanism with even small conductivity fluctuations at these frequencies. These variations would be easy to detect with a well-designed experiment, if they occurred. In principle this mechanism could explain the Loma Prieta ULF observations, however the magnitude of conductivity fluctuations that would be required to match the very large reported amplification factors still appears to be too large to be physically plausible. 相似文献