共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 500 毫秒
1.
本文利用林伍德石、钙钛矿两种矿物在不同差应力下随温度变化的蠕变曲线,通过约束温度条件和板块俯冲引起的弹性应变率,得到了俯冲带670 km深度可能的应力范围. 结果显示,在俯冲带670 km深度基于林伍德石蠕变得到应力大小可能超过100 MPa,而相变为钙钛矿后仅为0.1~10 MPa. 通过分析认为钙钛矿的Si扩散引起的快速应变率使得670 km更深深度的俯冲带无法支持较大的应力,可能是下地幔地震终止的原因,而不需要考虑亚稳态相变导致反裂隙断层的消失或林伍德石分解后超塑性等影响. 相似文献
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藏南定结铁镁质麻粒岩矿物化学、PTt轨迹和折返过程 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
定结铁镁质麻粒岩出露于藏南拆离系和申扎-定结伸展构造系交汇处的高喜马拉雅岩系糜棱岩化片麻岩内, 以不同规模的透镜状包体沿着糜棱面理分布, 主要岩石类型包括退变石榴石斜长辉石岩、石榴石二辉麻粒岩和辉石斜长角闪岩等. 详细的岩相学分析表明这些铁镁质麻粒岩经历了至少四个阶段的变质演化, 早期形成了石榴石+单斜辉石+石英(榴辉岩)矿物组合(M1)、早期降压分解形成斜长石+单斜辉石后成合晶构成的高压麻粒岩矿物组合(M2)、晚期降压分解形成的斜长石+单斜辉石+紫苏辉石后成合晶构成的麻粒岩相矿物组合(M3)和最后降温水化形成的斜长石+角闪石退变质矿物组合(M4). 详细的矿物电子探针成分分析表明早期石榴石和单斜辉石(M1和M2)矿物成分与B类和C类榴辉岩同类矿物的成分特征相似, M3单斜辉石与麻粒岩相单斜辉石的成分特征一致. 早期残晶矿物组合形成于榴辉岩相(M1), 早期降压分解(M2)反应发生于1.35~1.48 GPa, 625~675℃, 降压分解的M3麻粒岩相变质阶段矿物组合形成于0.7~0.95 GPa, 775~900℃, M4退化变质的斜长石+角闪石矿物组合形成于4.0~7.5 GPa、660~700℃, 记录了俯冲增厚－构造隆升的PTt轨迹. 矿物化学特征和不同阶段变质作用的P-T条件表明早期经历了榴辉岩相变质作用. 折返过程中经历了榴辉岩相构造隆升、榴辉岩-高压麻粒岩相到麻粒岩相均衡隆升和伸展隆升的三阶段折返过程. 相似文献
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大别-苏鲁榴辉岩和石榴辉石岩中矿物Ce异常: 对氧化环境下形成沉积物深俯冲作用的示踪 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
准分子激光ICP-MS矿物原位微区分析发现, 来自大别-苏鲁超高压变质带典型地区(双河、毛屋、碧溪岭及仰口)的榴辉岩和石榴辉石岩中石榴石Ce异常从正到负高度变化. 绿辉石或单斜辉石也表现出类似的Ce异常特征, 但变化幅度小于石榴石. 这种Ce异常高度变化的现象仅见于氧化条件下形成的强烈风化剖面中. 因此, 这一结果表明大别-苏鲁榴辉岩和石榴辉石岩中存在氧化条件下形成的风化沉积物, 这些陆壳物质的深俯冲对地幔的改造和物质再循环可能具有重要意义. 相似文献
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6.
《中国科学:地球科学》2015,(6)
俯冲板块在俯冲过程中与周围地幔不断发生热交换,该热演化过程主要由热传导和平流物质交换两种作用构成.俯冲带热结构的演化是控制俯冲过程中物理化学性质转变的决定性因素之一,直接影响我们对矿物脱水、岩石部分熔融、岛弧火山喷发以及俯冲带地震等关键地质现象的理解.对俯冲带热结构的动力学模型研究主要分为解析方法和数值方法两种.解析模型能够从物理上给出对热结构具有最重要影响的控制因素,比如俯冲板块的年龄、速度和角度、剪切应力以及热传导系数等.数值模型能够进一步给出解析模型难以处理的各种复杂因素的影响,比如地幔楔的黏性变化、俯冲板块与周围地幔的耦合过程、与矿物岩石学的结合等.将模型结果实际应用于各俯冲带时由于各种影响因素很多,因此对俯冲带热结构的限定是一个非常复杂的过程.随着地球物理与地球化学各种定量观测手段的进步,将能够给出更多对俯冲带热结构的约束条件,进而更合理的解释与俯冲带相关的地质现象. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学》2015,(9)
大别-苏鲁造山带橄榄岩原岩属性可分为壳源和幔源橄榄岩,它们在矿物结构、变质演化以及全岩和单矿物化学成分上存在一系列差别.幔源橄榄岩来自于俯冲板块之上的古老华北克拉通岩石圈地幔,记录了俯冲板块与地幔楔之间相互作用的信息.石榴橄榄岩峰期条件下都显示石榴石和尖晶石共存,石榴石和尖晶石的稳定性和成分都受全岩富化程度控制,尖晶石成分不能用来判别部分熔融程度.难熔幔源纯橄岩中普遍发育低Mg高Ca橄榄石取代早期斜方辉石结构,指示硅不饱和熔体-橄榄岩反应过程,它可能是导致纯橄岩Re-Os同位素年龄偏年轻的原因之一.幔源橄榄岩/辉石岩中的金红石、钛斜粒硅镁石和锆石是俯冲地壳熔/流体迁移高场强元素进入地幔楔的直接矿物学证据,只有通过精细的原位元素和同位素工作,才能准确限定交代介质来源、时间和交代过程.大陆俯冲带地幔楔氧逸度变化范围宽泛(FMQ=5.50~1.75),并随深度增加而减小,但其氧逸度计算结果受矿物组合、温压条件以及折返过程中的脱氢-氧化作用等因素影响.本文对橄榄岩-辉石岩复杂体系相关系、大陆俯冲之前的地幔过程、地壳交代对地幔楔元素-同位素-氧逸度以及物理性质的改造等重要研究方向提出了建议. 相似文献
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俯冲带深部物质的非均匀流变及其地球动力学意义 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
计算表明,俯冲带深部主要矿物相的流动强度差异很大。俯冲带矿物流动强度的差异和构造环境复杂性预示着俯冲带深部物质变形是非均匀的,这种非均匀性是控制俯冲带内许多地质、尤其是动力学过程的重要因素之一。通过分析俯冲带构造物理背景和俯冲带深部矿物流变性质变化,研究了俯冲带深部非均匀变形的特征,在此基础之上讨论了板舌变形的几何形态、俯冲带火山活动性、中、深源地震活动性、板舌下插深度和消减过程与俯冲带非均匀变形的相变性。 相似文献
9.
阿尔金超高压(>7 GPa)片麻状(含)钾长石榴辉石岩--石榴子石出溶单斜辉石的证据 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
岩相学和矿物化学研究表明,阿尔金英格利萨依一带片麻状(含)钾长石榴辉石岩中的粗粒石榴子石出溶单斜辉石和金红石.统计石榴子石出溶的单斜辉石的面积比最高>5%,重建出溶前该石榴子石(Grt1)单位分子式中的Si值高达3.061,为含Na的超Si-石榴石或含有majorite分子的石榴子石.依据石榴子石含辉石摩尔体积压力计和majoritic-石榴子石Si-(Al Cr)压力计估算其峰期变质压力>7GPa,利用三元碱性长石温度计和钛铁矿-磁铁矿固溶体的实验资料获其形成温度约1000C.同时,结合其原岩具有板内基性与中性火成岩及其可能是源于大陆岩石圈地幔的基性岩浆演化产物的地球化学特征,以及与其伴生的超高压石榴子石二辉橄榄岩的发现和超高压含石榴子石花岗质片麻岩的研究,不仅证明区内超高压岩石的形成是陆壳深俯冲作用的产物,而且表明这种深俯冲可能达到>200km的地幔深处.这对深入探讨阿尔金乃至中国西部碰撞造山带形成与演化的动力学机制提供了新的证据. 相似文献
10.
阿尔金超高压(>7 GPa)片麻状(含)钾长石榴辉石岩 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岩相学和矿物化学研究表明, 阿尔金英格利萨依一带片麻状(含)钾长石榴辉石岩中的粗粒石榴子石出溶单斜辉石和金红石. 统计石榴子石出溶的单斜辉石的面积比最高>5%, 重建出溶前该石榴子石(Grt1)单位分子式中的Si值高达3.061, 为含Na的超Si-石榴石或含有majorite分子的石榴子石. 依据石榴子石含辉石摩尔体积压力计和majoritic-石榴子石 Si-(Al+Cr)压力计估算其峰期变质压力>7 GPa, 利用三元碱性长石温度计和钛铁矿-磁铁矿固溶体的实验资料获其形成温度约1000℃. 同时, 结合其原岩具有板内基性与中性火成岩及其可能是源于大陆岩石圈地幔的基性岩浆演化产物的地球化学特征, 以及与其伴生的超高压石榴子石二辉橄榄岩的发现和超高压含石榴子石花岗质片麻岩的研究, 不仅证明区内超高压岩石的形成是陆壳深俯冲作用的产物, 而且表明这种深俯冲可能达到>200 km的地幔深处. 这对深入探讨阿尔金乃至中国西部碰撞造山带形成与演化的动力学机制提供了新的证据. 相似文献
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12.
古登堡-里克特震级-频度关系式中的b值与剪切应力(或偏应力)大小被认为存在着负相关的关系,因此b值常被用作估算区域应力大小的指标.本文利用1970-2018年鄂霍次克微板块东部俯冲带区域的地震目录,使用最大似然法对该区域的b值进行空间扫描,得到了该区域沿海沟走向不同区域及不同深度的b值分布,进而调查与分析其应力状态及地球动力学特征.结果显示不同俯冲区域的b值分布具有4个共同特征:1)地壳范围内的高b值特征,表明其剪切应力较低;2)俯冲板片与上覆板块耦合强烈的区域b值较低,表明该位置剪切应力较高;3)弧前区域b值较高,表明其剪切应力较低;4)海沟东侧的太平洋板块与软流层接触的区域b值较高,表明该位置剪切应力较低.上述这些b值分布结果及其剪切应力分布,是能够与俯冲带的地球动力学结构与特征相关联的.我们也发现在水平方向上,在浅部区域(0~40km深度范围),勘察加地区的剪切应力相对于北日本地区和千岛地区更低;在更深的区域(40~80km深度范围),千岛地区弧前区域的剪切应力较低.由本文俯冲带区域力平衡估算得到的俯冲接触面上的剪应力大小能够解释鄂霍次克微板块东部俯冲带不同接触界面上的b值大小及其分布差异.本文得到的日本海沟附近区域平均b值在大地震前后的时间变化揭示了该区域震间、震前和震后的应力演化过程. 相似文献
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《地震研究进展（英文）》2021,1(1):100002
An improved understanding of postseismic crustal deformation following large subduction earthquakes may help to better understand the rheological properties of upper mantle and the slip behavior of subduction interface. Here we construct a three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model to study the postseismic deformation of the 2014 MW8.1 Iquique, Chile earthquake. Elastic units in the model include the subducting slab, continental and oceanic lithospheres. Rheological units include the mantle wedge, the oceanic asthenosphere and upper mantle. We use a 2 km thick weak shear zone attached to the subduction fault to simulate the time-dependent stress-driven afterslip. The viscoelastic relaxation in the rheological units is represented by the Burgers rheology. We carry out grid-searches on the shear zone viscosity, thickness and viscosity of the asthenosphere, and they are determined to be 1017 Pa s, 110 km and 2 × 1018 Pa s, respectively. The stress-driven afterlsip within the first two years is up to ~47 cm and becomes negligible after two years (no more than 5 cm/yr). Our results suggest that a thin, low-viscosity oceanic asthenosphere together with a weak shear zone attached to the fault are required to better reproduce the observed postseismic deformation. 相似文献
14.
本文利用有限差分方法,计算了全地幔对流模式和双层地幔对流模式下日本海沟俯冲带热结构、浮力及P波速度异常分布,基于亚稳态橄榄石相变模型推测亚稳态橄榄石的存在范围,同时分析了热传导系数、热膨胀系数和热源对俯冲带热结构的影响,以及俯冲带所受浮力与俯冲带形态的关系.结果表明,双层地幔对流模式下模拟的P波速度异常分布与层析成像结果更为相符,也与深源地震的分布有较好的相关性.板块内部亚稳态橄榄石的存在范围随热传导系数和热膨胀系数的减小而增大,同时忽略相变潜热和剪切生热的影响也会造成模型所预测的亚稳态橄榄石范围偏大.俯冲带所受负浮力在400 km深度附近达到最大值,亚稳态橄榄石的存在使负浮力逐渐减小,甚至在板块内部产生正浮力,不利于俯冲带穿透660 km相变界面. 相似文献
15.
J. M. Branlund K. Regenauer-Lieb D. A. Yuen 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2001,190(3-4):237-250
We have addressed the problem of subduction initiation with a solid-mechanical and fluid-dynamical approach, using a finite-element method. The setup has been extended by a rate-sensitive coupling at the bottom of a semi-brittle lithosphere and a fully coupled thermo-mechanical model. The central element of our model is a broad asymmetric sedimentary loading function at the passive continental margin, which grows with time to 15 km. Two fundamentally different modes of shear zone formation have been found depending on the rheology of the creep layer. Mode 1: For cases of low or absent yield stress in the creep layer only, the semi-brittle top develops a weak zone, while the rate-sensitive layer acts as a decoupling shear zone. Mode 2: For cases with a yield strength in the creep layer (strain rates above 10−15 s−1 after yielding), the entire mechanical lithosphere fails on a major shear zone; mode 1 fails to model subduction initiation, while mode 2 creates a weak, major shear zone that severs through the entire lithosphere. 相似文献
16.
L. J. Ruff 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1999,154(3-4):409-431
—Stress drop is a fundamental parameter of earthquakes, but it is difficult to obtain reliable stress drop estimates for most earthquakes. Static stress drop estimates require knowledge of the seismic moment and fault area. Dynamic stress drop estimates are based entirely upon the observed source time functions. Based on analytical formulas that I derive for the crack and slip-pulse rupture models, the amplitude and time of the initial peak in source time functions can be inverted for dynamic stress drop. For multiple event earthquakes, this method only gives the dynamic stress drop of the first event. The Michigan STF catalog provides a uniform data base for all large earthquakes that have occurred in the past four years. Dynamic stress drops are calculated for the nearly 200 events in this catalog, and the resultant estimates scatter between 0.1 and 100 MPa. There is some coherent tectonic signal within this scatter. In the Sanriku (Japan) and Mexico subduction zones, underthrusting earthquakes that occur at the up-dip and down-dip edges of the seismogenic zone have correspondingly low and high values of stress drop. A speculative picture of the stress state of subduction zones emerges from these results. A previous study found that the absolute value of shear stress linearly increases down the seismogenic interface to a value of about 50 MPa at the down-dip edge. In this study, the dynamic stress drop of earthquakes at the up-dip edge is about 0.2 MPa, while large earthquakes at the down-dip edge of the seismogenic plate interface have dynamic stress drops of up to 5 MPa. These results imply that (1) large earthquakes only reduce the shear stress on the plate interface by a small fraction of the absolute level; and thus (2) most of the earthquake energy is partitioned into friction at the plate interface. 相似文献
17.
Cohesive sediments exhibit complex rheological behaviors that are non-Newtonian and time-dependent when subjected to external loading. This paper presents the results of an investigation on the theological properties of three types of dense cohesive sediments, collected from the mouth of the Yangtze River, the shoal of the ttangzhou Bay, and the Yangcheng Lake in China. A set of rheological parameters （including viscosity, yield stress, etc.） was studied based on experiments that were conducted with a RheolabQC rheometer. Measurements of the flow curves, shear stress-time responses, and yield stresses were made. The solid-liquid transition of the dense cohesive sediments occurred both in the shear rate ramp tests and the shear stress ramp tests. This transition was not direct, but it was mediated by a transitional deformation regime or stress plateau. Both the Herschel-Bulkley model and Carreau model were able to describe the theological behavior of dense cohesive sediments, and the empirical expressions for calculating the parameters in these models were obtained by a dimensional and regression analysis. The yield stresses determined by the shear stress ramp test and by the vane method were compared and discussed. The influence of the water content on the rheological properties of dense cohesive sediments was considered. 相似文献
18.
Kacper R. Rybicki 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1990,134(2):283-301
Faulting in a medium with an inhomogeneity is analysed applying two-dimensional models consisting of a shear crack in a presence of a circular inclusion. The stress drop and the stress intensity factor are calculated for mode II and III cracks of various positions in relation to the inclusion. The results demonstrate that the effect of an inhomogeneity on a shear zone strongly depends on the location of a zone for either mode II or mode III shear zone. This effect is mostly due to the spatial distribution of external effective shear stress around an inhomogeneity. Depending on the position, an inhomogeneity may have either a destabilizing effect (the stress intensity factor becomes greater) or a stabilizing influence (the stress intensity factor is decreased or faulting is prohibited so the inhomogeneity acts as an asperity or a barrier). There is a substantial difference, however, between mode II and mode III shear zones approaching an inhomogeneity centrally. Namely, the effect of inhomogeneity on the mode III shear zone located in the immediate vicinity of the inhomogeneity is in this case considerably more pronounced than that for mode II shear zone and depends to a far greater extent on the rigidity contrast between the inhomogeneity and the surrounding medium. Another important conclusion is that the quantitative effect of an inhomogeneity on faulting depends essentially on the initial value of the stress drop of a shear zone approaching an inhomogeneity, being decidedly higher for a shear zone of small stress drop. It means that in specified areas in the proximity of medium inhomogeneities one should expect substantially greater faulting activity in which weak events prevail than in other regions surrounding inhomogeneities where such activity should be distinctly reduced. Such conclusions apply to both high rigidity inhomogeneities, which, in particular, may be associated with intrusions from the upper mantle, and to low rigidity inhomogeneities such as volcanos. The present model sets forth the plausible explanation regarding why earthquakes from the same region are occasionally characterized by various values of the stress drop. The model also presents the quantitative insight concerning how heterogeneity of the medium, in the sense of spatial variation of elastic constants, affects faulting. 相似文献
19.
汤加—克马德克俯冲带是太平洋板块向澳大利亚板块俯冲碰撞的动力作用区,是全球俯冲带动力学研究的热点区域.本研究基于EHB地震目录,对汤加—克马德克俯冲带(18.5°S—28.5°S)区域进行平面拟合,得到该范围内俯冲带走向约为196°,倾角约为48°;利用该俯冲带研究区域内Global CMT目录,对不同位置、不同深度进行区域应力张量反演,得到汤加—克马德克俯冲带研究区内精细的应力图像.结果显示:(1)俯冲带浅部(60~300km)应力结构非均匀特征明显,主应力轴倾伏角变化多样,并且最大主压应力轴方位在24°S左右发生明显偏转,我们推测这可能与洋底构造路易斯维尔海链俯冲有关;(2)中部(300~500km)最大主压、主张应力轴由北向南逐渐发生偏转,这可能与由北向南流动的地幔流对俯冲板片产生推挤作用有关,并且这种推挤作用向南逐渐减弱;(3)深部(500~700km)最大主压应力轴沿俯冲方向分布;(4)本文的结果还发现了主俯冲带深部西侧"偏移"板片与主俯冲带应力结构不同,表明"偏移"板片与主俯冲带是分离的. 相似文献