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1.
An application of Artificial Neural Networks for predicting the stress–strain response of jointed rocks under different confining pressures is presented in this paper. Rocks of different compressive strength with different joint properties (frequency, orientation and strength of joints) are considered in this study. The database for training the neural network is formed from the results of triaxial compression tests on different intact and jointed rocks with different joint properties tested at different confining pressures reported by various researchers in the literature. The network was trained using a three-layered network with the feed-forward back propagation algorithm. About 85% of the data was used for training and the remaining 15% was used for testing the network. Results from the analyses demonstrated that the neural network approach is effective in capturing the stress–strain behaviour of intact rocks and the complex stress–strain behaviour of jointed rocks. A single neural network is demonstrated to be capable of predicting the stress–strain response of different jointed rocks, whose intact strength varies from 11.32 MPa to 123 MPa, spacing of joints varies from 10 cm to 100 cm, and confining pressures range from 0 to 13.8 MPa. 相似文献
2.
为了保障岩土工程结构能长期正常使用,需要对其蠕变变形进行分析。“时步-初应变”法是一种常用的计算岩石蠕变的方法。数值流形方法是一种新兴的数值计算方法,常用于计算节理岩体的变形,但尚未被试用于计算蠕变变形。在原数值流形方法的程序中增加了基于“时步-初应变”法的计算模块,通过对广义开尔文模型进行的模拟,显示新程序可以正确反映岩石的黏弹性蠕变趋势,并能够计算包含节理的岩体的蠕变变形,改进后的数值流形方法不但能够模拟岩石的线弹性变形,而且可以模拟岩石的黏弹性蠕变,比原流形方法更能全面地模拟岩石的变形,扩展了数值流形方法在岩土工程中的使用范围。 相似文献
3.
冻融循环作用下节理岩体锚固性能退化机理和模式 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
岩土锚固的长期性能和耐久性是当前岩土工程界普遍关注的热点问题,也是影响锚固工程长期安全性的关键问题之一。节理岩体存在不同尺度、程度的损伤和缺陷,为地下水的存储和运移提供场所和通道。当达到孔隙水和裂隙水的冻结温度时,岩体中产生冻胀,并伴随着水分迁移,影响锚固系统的锚固性能,在冻融循环作用下,引起锚固系统长期性能和耐久性的退化。依据孔隙介质的冻结理论,建立了砂浆、岩石、砂浆-钢筋和砂浆岩石接触面静水压力学模型,分析其冻结机理。在总结岩石冻融损伤劣化研究成果基础上,深入系统地分析了节理岩体锚固系统的冻融损伤劣化机理及其影响因素,并建立冻融循环作用下节理岩体锚固性能退化的6种模式及其数学模型。 相似文献
4.
为探究酸性干湿循环作用对充填节理岩石的损伤劣化规律,首先对预制充填节理岩石进行酸性和中性环境下不同次数的干湿循环前处理,再采用万能试验机和分离式Hopkinson杆（split Hopkinson pressure bar,简称SHPB）装置对其进行单轴压缩试验和动态冲击试验,对充填节理岩石纵波波速、静态抗压强度以及动态抗压强度的劣化效应进行分析,并进一步分析酸性和中性环境干湿循环作用下充填节理岩石动态冲击的破坏形态。结果表明,随着干湿循环次数的增加,无论是酸性环境还是中性环境,充填节理岩石的波速值、静态抗压强度以及动态抗压强度不断减小,劣化程度不断加剧,其中酸性干湿循环作用对静态抗压强度的劣化最显著;此外发现干湿循环作用下充填节理岩石静态、动态抗压强度与波速值之间均存在一致性较强的线性关系;酸性环境干湿循环作用下充填节理层粉化程度和两侧岩石破碎程度更严重。研究成果可为酸性环境干湿循环作用下工程岩体稳定性分析提供科学依据。 相似文献
5.
Analysis of strength and moduli of jointed rocks 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper deals with two aspects of jointed rock mass behavior, first the finite element modeling of a jointed rock mass as an equivalent continuum, second the comparison of empirical strength criteria of a jointed rock mass. In finite element modeling the jointed rock properties are represented by a set of empirical relationships, which express the properties of the jointed medium as a function of joint factor and the properties of the intact rock. These relationships have been derived from a large set of experimental data of tangent elastic modulus. It is concluded that equivalent continuum analysis gives the best results for both single and multiple jointed rock. The reliability of the analysis depends on the estimation of joint factor, which is a function of the joint orientation, joint frequency and joint strength.Empirical strength criteria for jointed rocks, namely Hoek and Brown, Yudhbir et al., Ramamurthy and Arora, Mohr–Coulomb have been incorporated in a nonlinear finite element analysis of jointed rock using the equivalent continuum approach, to determine the failure stress. The major principal stress at failure, obtained using Ramamurthy's criteria, compares very well with experimental results. 相似文献
6.
基于UDEC的隧道掘进机滚刀破岩数值模拟研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
现今全断面隧道掘进机（TBM）施工方法在长大深埋隧道工程中已被广泛采用,对滚刀破岩关键技术的进一步认识具有重要的工程价值。为了研究滚刀破岩机制,分析刀圈断面形态、岩石强度和节理角度对其的影响,运用UDEC方法建立了滚刀贯切岩石的二维数值系列模型,对TBM滚刀破岩过程进行了仿真。分析表明：滚刀破岩是滚刀下岩石拉破坏和剪破坏的综合反映,拉破坏是裂纹萌生与扩展的主要驱动机制;刃宽较大的平刀与刃角较大的楔刀破岩效果较好;平刀与楔刀在软岩中破岩效果相近,平刀在硬岩施工中比楔刀的破岩效果好;滚刀对节理角度为30°～60°的岩石破坏效果较好,由于楔刀的“劈裂”作用,楔刀比平刀更适合用于贯切含有节理的岩石。 相似文献
7.
单纯形法及其在广蓄电站转岩变形反分析中的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Surrounding rocks of GPSH ( Guangzhou Pumped Storage Hydroplant) are treated as isotropic medium or orthotropic jointed rocks. Directed back analyses of measured displacements from observation section in access gallery and exhaust gallery of main transformer house are made by simplex acceleration method. A number of mechanical parameters of rock mass and in-situ ground stresses are obtained and compared with measured data. 相似文献
8.
9.
Strength and dilatancy of jointed rocks with granular fill 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Ashutosh Trivedi 《Acta Geotechnica》2010,5(1):15-31
It is well recognised that the strength of rock masses depends upon the strain history, extent of discontinuities, orientation
of plane of weakness, condition of joints, fill material in closely packed joints and extent of confinement. Several solutions
are available for strength of jointed rock mass with a set of discontinuities. There is a great multiplicity in the proposed
relationships for the strength of jointed rocks. In the present study, the author conceives the effect of increasing stresses
to induce permanent strains. This permanent strain appears as micro crack, macro crack and fracture. A fully developed network
of permanent deformations forms joint. The joint may contain deposits of hydraulic and hydrothermal origin commonly known
as gouge. The joint factor numerically captures varied engineering possibilities of joints in a rock mass. The joints grow
as an effect of loading. The growth of the joints is progressive in nature. It increases the joint factor, which modifies
the failure stresses. The dilatancy explains the progressive failure of granular media. Hence, a mutual relationship conjoins
effectively the strength of jointed rock and a dilatancy-dependent parameter known as relative dilatancy. This study provides
a simple and integral solution for strength of jointed rocks, interpreted in relation to the commonly used soil, and rock
parameters, used for a realistic design of structure on rock masses. It has scope for prediction of an equivalent strength
for tri-axial and plane strain conditions for unconfined and confined rock masses using a simple technique. 相似文献
10.
Sheng Zeng Shaoping Wang Bing Sun Qibing Liu 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2018,36(3):1559-1573
The existence of joint fissures makes explosive actions between rock masses more complex. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out experiments studying blasting stress waves propagating in jointed rock masses. Based on the Froude Similarity principle, the geological mechanical models of intact rock masses and jointed rocks have been proposed. A blasting vibration experiment was carried out and demonstrated that the propagation of the blasting stress waves and changing structures have an important relationship. A numerical simulation of the blasting stress wave propagation law in a layered jointed rock mass was carried out. This study found that with an increase in the joint angle, the peak velocity of blasting stress wave, transmission coefficient and reflection coefficient all gradually increased, while the attenuation coefficient gradually decreased. With an increase in joint spacing, the attenuation rate of the blasting stress waves increased. 相似文献
11.
Modeling strategy for jointed rock masses reinforced by rock bolts in tunneling practice 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Shunsuke Sakurai 《Acta Geotechnica》2010,5(2):121-126
This paper deals with the modeling of jointed rock masses reinforced by rock bolts. It is well known that rock bolts are extremely
effective in reinforcing jointed rocks. However, if a continuum approach is adopted for modeling jointed rock masses, it is
often misleading to evaluate the effectiveness of the rock bolts by numerical analyses such as the finite element method.
This may be due to the fact that since no more joints exist in the continuum, the effectiveness of the rock bolts in constraining
the relative displacements along the joints cannot be evaluated properly. In order to investigate the reinforcement effect
of rock bolts, physical model tests were performed in the laboratory. The test results revealed that jointed rock masses should
be modeled as an equivalent continuum after the installation of rock bolts and that the mechanical parameters of the equivalent
continuum should be evaluated by considering the reinforcement effect of the rock bolts. Therefore, the values of the mechanical
parameters differ from place to place in accordance with the relation between joint orientation and rock bolt direction, even
though joint systems are homogeneous. In conclusion, in the continuum approach for modeling jointed rock masses, it should
be emphasized that rock bolts and jointed rock masses should not be modeled separately but should be modeled simultaneously
by considering the reinforcement effect of the rock bolts in constraining joint movement. The modeling of shotcrete reinforced
by steel ribs is also discussed in comparison to the modeling by rock bolts. 相似文献
12.
13.
A new rock mass failure criterion for biaxial loading conditions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
P. H. S. W. Kulatilake Jinyong Park Bwalya Malama 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2006,24(4):871-888
To simulate brittle rocks, a mixture of glastone, sand and water was used as a model material. Thin galvanized sheets of thickness
0.254 mm were used to create joints in blocks made out of the model material. To investigate the failure modes and strength,
both the intact material blocks as well as jointed model material blocks of size 35.6 × 17.8 × 2.5 cm having different joint
geometry configurations were subjected to uniaxial and biaxial compressive loadings. A new intact rock failure criterion is
proposed at the 3-D level. This criterion is validated for biaxial loading through laboratory experimental results obtained
on intact model material blocks. Results obtained from both the intact and jointed model material blocks are used to develop
a strongly non-linear new rock mass failure criterion for biaxial loading. In this failure criterion, the fracture tensor
component is used to incorporate the directional effect of fracture geometry system on jointed block strength. The failure
criterion shows the important role, the intermediate principal stress plays on rock mass strength. 相似文献
14.
A. Malarvizhi Achyuthan Hema D. Gobichandhru 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2016,87(3):317-322
Occurrences of landslide are most common and critical issue in North-East India. The various types of slope failures have been affected most part of slopes and road section between Malidor to Sonapur area (approx 30 Km) along NH-44 within Jaintia hills district, Meghalaya, India. These slope failures causes considerable loss of life and property along with many inconveniences such as disruption of traffic along highways. The unscientific excavations of rock slopes for road widening or construction purposes may weaken the stability of the slopes. The rocks exposed in the area are highly jointed sandstone and shale of Barail Group of Oligocene age. The Sonapur landslide is most dangerous and destructive rock fall-cum debris flow. The present study includes the kinematic analysis of the slope to assess the potential failure directions as the rocks are highly jointed in some parts of road cut sections. The continuous slope mass rating (CSMR) technique has been applied for slope stability analysis at five vulnerable locations. Kinematic analysis indicates mainly wedge type of failure along with few toppling and planar failures. These failure required immediate treatment to prevent the slide and long term stability of the slope. 相似文献
15.
Upper bound techniques are used to analyse the stability of slopes of material failing according to a non-linear failure criterion, such as closely jointed rocks. The global, extremal nature of upper bound calculations is discussed, as is the inverse use of such procedures for obtaining safe lower bound estimates for material strength properties in back analyses. Specific results are presented for the material model proposed by Hoek and Brown. 相似文献
16.
采用云石胶黏结岩块的方法制备人工节理面,通过直剪试验获得人工节理面的抗剪强度特性,基于完整和单节理砂岩的常规三轴试验,分析不同倾角（0°,30°,60°,90°）对单节理岩体试样力学响应的影响。结果表明:人工节理面在直剪试验中呈现脆性破坏,其抗剪强度符合M-C准则;不同围压下（2.5,5 0和7.5 MPa）完整砂岩的破坏形态和弹性模量基本相同,峰值强度随围压增大;相同围压下（2.5 MPa）不同倾角单节理岩体的破坏形态、弹性模量、峰值强度均不相同,单节理岩体试样的峰值强度-倾角曲线呈反对号“”形,节理倾角对岩体力学性质的影响明显,其中60°节理岩体试样的强度最低,仅为完整岩石强度的19.7%。推导了过圆柱体试样中心任意斜截面内力的三维计算公式,根据其理论预测所得完整岩石的破裂面角度和60°节理试样的破坏方式均与试验结果相符,其吻合度较传统的二维分析更高。 相似文献
17.
Three different types of permeability tests were conducted on 23 intact and singly jointed rock specimens, which were cored from rock blocks collected from a rock cavern under construction in Singapore. The studied rock types belong to inter-bedded meta-sandstone and meta-siltstone with very low porosity and high uniaxial compressive strength. The transient pulse water flow method was employed to measure the permeability of intact meta-sandstone under a confining pressure up to 30 MPa. It showed that the magnitude order of meta-sandstone’s intrinsic permeability is about 10?18 m2. The steady-state gas flow method was used to measure the permeability of both intact meta-siltstone and meta-sandstone in a triaxial cell under different confining pressures spanning from 2.5 to 10 MPa. The measured permeability of both rock types ranged from 10?21 to 10?20 m2. The influence of a single natural joint on the permeability of both rock types was studied by using the steady-state water flow method under different confining pressures spanning from 1.25 to 5.0 MPa, including loading and unloading phases. The measured permeability of both jointed rocks ranged from 10?13 to 10?11 m2, where the permeability of jointed meta-siltstone was usually slightly lower than that of jointed meta-sandstone. The permeability of jointed rocks decreases with increasing confining pressure, which can be well fitted by an empirical power law relationship between the permeability and confining pressure or effective pressure. The permeability of partly open cracked specimens is lower than that of open cracked specimens, but it is higher than that of the specimen with a dominant vein for the meta-sandstone under the same confining pressure. The permeability of open cracked rock specimens will partially recover during the unloading confining pressure process. The equivalent crack (joint) aperture is as narrow as a magnitude order of 10?6 m (1 μm) in the rock specimens under confining pressures spanning from 1.25 to 5.0 MPa, which represent the typical ground stress conditions in the cavern. The in situ hydraulic conductivity measurements conducted in six boreholes by the injection test showed that the in situ permeability of rock mass varies between 10?18 and 10?11 m2. The lower bound of the in situ permeability is larger than that of the present laboratory-tested intact rock specimens, while the upper bound of the in situ permeability is less than that of the present laboratory-tested jointed rock specimens. The in situ permeability test results were thus compatible with our present laboratory permeability results of both intact and jointed rock specimens. 相似文献
18.
若拉岗日裂谷带位于拉竹龙-西金乌兰-金沙江结合带的中段,该带作为一条重要的大地构造分界线已被地学界所注目.在西金乌兰地区发现了蛇绿混杂岩带,在金沙江、甘孜理塘等地保留有较完整的洋壳残片(蛇绿混杂岩套)和岛弧火山岩建造,其西延的若拉岗日一带,没有见到这些地质体.基性岩(脉)和少量超基性岩脉是三叠纪热侵位的产物,地球化学等特征表明,它们不是MORB型基性岩,更多地体现板内裂谷特征;石炭系—下二叠统基性火山岩以碱性系列玄武岩为主,具裂谷型双峰式特征,岩石地球化学等特征表明,它们形成于板内或板内裂谷;酸性花岗岩类侵入岩极不发育,构造岩浆带不发育. 相似文献
19.
金川矿区地下巷道围岩应力场特征及演化机制 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
金川矿区位于高地应力区，岩性坚硬但岩体较为破碎，其地下巷道围岩压力在时间上和空间上的分布具有矛盾统一的双重性特征，这种双重性特征在国内外许多同类型地下工程中均存在。从应场演化角度，对该类围岩的应力场特征及其演化机制进行了探讨，人为围岩应力的特殊时间和空间分布特征的根本原因是结构面在围岩动态演化过程中发生一系列复杂的时间相关性力学行为和力学响应。据此提出围岩结构性流变的观点，并给出其理论解，它较好地反映了该类围岩变形破坏过程中应力场的演化特征。 相似文献
20.
物理模型试验是研究矿山巷道开挖稳定性问题的重要方法,特别是对于深部节理岩体相似模型的制作,难度高,周期长,工艺复杂。为解决这一技术难题,提出了一套节理围岩巷道开挖的物理模型试验方法,依托金川矿区典型的菱块状围岩巷道进行了试验,详细介绍了模型搭建和开挖过程,并将模型试验与现场调查结果进行了对比,主要得到以下几点结论:(1)提出了一种浇-砌混合搭建方法,在模型内圈采用砌块堆砌的方式,外圈选择浇筑的方式,既能体现出节理围岩的结构特征,又能提高试验效率;(2)自主研制了一种巷道开挖装置,通过螺旋牵引拉出预埋模具的方式完成开挖,巷道成型好,扰动小;(3)以金川矿区巷道为原型进行的物理模型试验,真实还原了工程中巷道的变形破坏特征,证明了该方法的科学性、实用性和高效性,为类似模型试验的设计和制作提供了技术参考。 相似文献