共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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利用两个具有解析解的算例研究基于变分原理的自适应网格技术。结果表明,对运动激波算例,权函数考虑二阶导数项比考虑梯度项更能有效地减小误差;对气旋锋生算例,仅以梯度作为权函数亦不能提高精度,考虑速度场、锋生函数分布的权函数能更合理地安排网格;对照解析解,发现提出的自适应网格技术能明显提高计算精度,在节省内存等方面显示了突出的优点。 相似文献
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自适应网格技术在数值模式中的应用研究 II.二维问题 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用一个具有解析解的二维动力锋生成过程算例,对比自适应网格方案和固定网格方案的优劣,结果表明:同等误差要求下,固定网格方案的网格点数为自适应网格方案的3倍。从时间演化上看,自适应网格对温带气旋的预报,在同等误差要求下,可比固定网格的预报延长10小时以上。文章对加权系数选取及对解的影响进行了分析,从几个切面的计算结果展示了自适应网格对网格的优良安排并能抓住锋面特征结构。文章分析了光滑性、正交性对结果的影响。结果表明:网格的光滑性影响有一个优化值;在网格适当安排情况下,要适度考虑正交性。 相似文献
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一次冬季锋面暴风雪天气过程的斜压边界层特征的观测分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对STORM-FESTIOP17一次冬季锋面暴风雪天气过程的斜压边界层结构演变及特征进行了分析。发现：暖湿空气沿锋面抬升凝结成云，产生降水过程中释放的大量潜热显著增加锋两侧的水平温度差异，产生锋生。与锋生相伴，在锋前产生低空急流和高空急流。当锋生至最强时，锋两侧温差可达20K，锋前低空急流开始减弱，锋后低空急流增强，锋后冷平流开始主导锋两侧的环流系统。该冷平流削弱锋两侧的温度水平梯度，产生锋消作用。对这次锋面斜压对流边界层的湍流特征分析表明：在边界层之上切应力wv明显增大；湍能收支分析表明在边界层之上的风切变产生项很强，即大尺度天气系统有利于斜压对流边界层的发展，边界层内各量充分混合。这次冬季锋面暴风雪天气过程，冷锋前的低空南风急流从墨西哥湾携带来的充足水汽及锋区边界层大气的强斜压性是其产生的关键因子：冷锋过后，大尺度高空急流的作用更有利于对流边界层的充分发展。 相似文献
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自适应网格模式在暴雨数值模拟中的应用 总被引：2，自引：4，他引：2
基于变分原理，自适应网格技术能根据数值模式的特点，在模式解梯度大的地区自动加密网格，提高模式的分辨率。将其应用于MM4模式中，采用多重网格法以加速自适应网格的生成。对1996年8月4日至5日发生在华北的特大台风暴雨过程，用自适应网格模式和均匀网格模式进行了数值模拟和动力诊断分析，以研究自适应网格模式在天气预报和模拟应用中的特点。试验表明，采用自适应网格后计算稳定，对所关心的天气系统及其降水的模拟精度均高于均匀网格模式，对形势场、风场的模拟精度也有明显改善。 相似文献
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完全Q矢量的引入及其诊断分析 总被引：30，自引：14，他引：30
参照准地转Q矢量推导，考虑天气系统发展的主要热力强迫因子－非绝热加热作用，引出考虑非绝热效应的完全Q矢量的概念，并应用于实例分析。结果表明，完全Q矢量能较清楚地揭示暴雨天气系统的演变；考虑了湿过程的完全Q矢量在暴雨的诊断过程中显示了更大的优越性；定性而言，完全Q矢量散度的辐合中心或辐合线、散度场和锋生函数场有助于确定暴雨的落区，暴雨区正好落在低层完全Q矢量散度场辐合中心和锋生函数场正值中心之间；定量而言，低层完全Q矢量散度场辐合中心和锋生函数场正值中心大小对暴雨强度有显著的指示作用。因而在暴雨的诊断和预报过程中完全Q矢量散度和锋生函数是两个重要的参数。 相似文献
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本文建立了一个考虑天气尺度水平变形场的二维、滞弹性、非静力平衡锋生模式，对冷锋过山时的锋生锋消机制进行了数值研究，试验结果表明:当无地形影响时，由于变形场的锋生作用与摩擦等因子的锋消作用相互抵消，冷锋最终达到其强度的准定常状态；当考虑地形影响时，地形强迫环流与锋面环流相互作用，使得锋面强度在山前和山后发生变化，在冷锋开始爬坡时锋生，爬过半山腰后开始锋消，过山顶后锋面强度变化不明显或者有微弱锋生，到达山脚后开始强烈锋生，并在地形下游其强度达到最大；总之，冷锋在翻越山脉或从高原移到平原之后，锋面发展的强度比冷锋不遇到地形时的更大。 相似文献
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通过考虑非绝热加热项和摩擦项的原始方程组，取沿锋面方向地转近似，导出一个描写定常锋面次级环流的方程，研究对流加热（ＣＩＳＫ）对锋面次级环流的作用。结果表明；非绝热加热能加强锋生过程，加强锋面环流，使环流宽度变窄，陡度加大。从而从理论上对锋面过程的降水不均匀性给出解释。 相似文献
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Prof. Dr. H. Kraus 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1992,48(1-4):309-315
Summary The frontogenesis function in terms of the time derivative of the gradient of any relevant airborne quantity comprises all processes contributing to frontogenesis. Thus the various terms of this function are able to reveal processes of frontal development and their structure. Therefore the evaluation of these terms from measurements or in the frame of model simulations offers the chance of gaining more insight in frontal processes. If frontogenesis is evaluated from average basic data representative for a certain time-or space-scale, the result will be a kind of average frontogenesis, which naturally contains turbulence terms in the form of covariances. The processes described by these terms are called turbulence frontogenesis.This paper describes the basic formalisms of turbulence frontogenesis, offers cross-sections of these terms gained in experiments flown in sea-breeze fronts and gives some hints about their general behaviour.With 4 Figures 相似文献
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A generalized frontogenesis function and its application 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
With the definition of generalized potential temperature, a new generalized frontogenesis function, which is expressed as the Lagrangian change rate of the magnitude of the horizontal generalized potential temperature gradient, is derived. Such a frontogenesis function is more appropriate for a real moist atmosphere because it can reflect frontogenesis processes, in which the atmosphere in a frontal zone is typically characterized by neither completely dry nor uniform saturation. Furthermore, by derivation, the expression of generalized frontogenesis function includes both temperature and humidity gradients, which is different from and superior to the traditional frontogenesis function in moist processes, which also uses equivalent potential temperature. Diagnostic studies of real cases are performed and show that the generalized frontogenesis function in non- uniformly saturated moist atmosphere indeed provides a useful tool for frontogenesis, compared to using the traditional frontogenesis function. The new frontogenesis function can be used in situations involving either a strong temperature or moisture gradient and is closely correlated with precipitation. 相似文献
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A new frontogenesis function is developed and analyzed on the basis of a local change rate of the absolute horizontal gradient of the resultant deformation. Different from the traditional frontogenesis function, the newly defined deformation frontogenesis is derived from the viewpoint of dynamics rather than thermodynamics. Thus, it is more intuitive for the study of frontogenesis because the compaction of isolines of both temperature and moisture can be directly induced by the change of a flow field. This new frontogenesis function is particularly useful for studying the mei-yu front in China because mei-yu rainbands typically consist of a much stronger moisture gradient than temperature gradient, and involve large deformation flow. An analysis of real mei-yu frontal rainfall events indicates that the deformation frontogenesis function works remarkably well, producing a clearer mei-yu front than the traditional frontogenesis function based on a measure of the potential temperature gradient. More importantly, the deformation frontogenesis shows close correlation with the subsequent(6 h later) precipitation pattern and covers the rainband well, bearing significance for the prognosis or even prediction of future precipitation. 相似文献
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The adaptive wavelet collocation method(AWCM)is a variable grid technology for solving partial differential equations(PDEs)with high singularities.Based on interpolating wavelets,the AWCM adapts the grid so that a higher resolution is automatically attributed to domain regions with high singularities. Accuracy problems with the AWCM have been reported in the literature,and in this paper problems of effciency with the AWCM are discussed in detail through a simple one-dimensional(1D)nonlinear advection equation whose analytic solution is easily obtained.A simple and effcient implementation of the AWCM is investigated.Through studying the maximum errors at the moment of frontogenesis of the 1D nonlinear advection equation with different initial values and a comparison with the finite difference method(FDM) on a uniform grid,the AWCM shows good potential for modeling the front effciently.The AWCM is also applied to a two-dimensional(2D)unbalanced frontogenesis model in its first attempt at numerical simulation of a meteorological front.Some important characteristics about the model are revealed by the new scheme. 相似文献
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基于动态自适应网格的开源软件Gerris受到越来越多海洋和水文研究者的关注.概述了Gerris开发背景、研究现状和特点,详细阐述了Gerris数值方案,包括动态自适应网格、动态负载平衡技术原理、广义正交曲线坐标系、内嵌复杂固体边界和地形数据的处理方法,并探讨了Gerris在海洋数值模拟中的初步应用.结果表明,Gerris动态自适应网格在多尺度问题模拟中的优势独特,在海洋数值模拟应用中可通过自适应网格提高地理特征的精度,通过GTS(或KDT)格式的数据来处理地形和网格,达到同时兼顾精确性和易用性的目的,使得Gerris与其他海洋模式进行有机结合成为重要发展方向. 相似文献
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Presented is a review of quantitative characteristics of atmospheric frontogenesis that describe it as the process of variations of the vector of the horizontal temperature gradient (both in value and in direction) in an individual particle. The frontogenesis that strives for recovering the thermal wind balance disturbed in the case of inhomogeneous advection, generates vertical circulation which is both thermally direct (warm air ascends relative to cold air) and thermally opposite (upward motions in the cold air). Given are the expressions for computing frontogenesis using the data on temperature, pressure, and wind. Used is the resolution of the frontogenetic vector function into components along the isoline of potential temperature both on and across the constant-pressure surface. The first component describes the change in the temperature gradient vector due to the rotation of isotherms (rotational frontogenesis), and the second component, the variations of the absolute value of the gradient (scalar frontogenesis). Quantitative characteristics of frontogenesis are efficient diagnostic parameters both for understanding weather processes and weather forecast specification and for the verification and enhancement of numerical models. 相似文献
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The viscous semigeostrophic solutions obtained for the baroclinic Eady wave fronts are analyzed for the generation of the cross-frontal temperature gradient in the boundary layer. In the case of free-slip boundaries, the cross-frontal gradient is maximally generated at the surface by meridional temperature advection. In the case of no-slip boundaries, surface friction reduces the meridional temperature advection in the boundary layer: The maximum generation occurs above the surface layer and the temperature gradient at the surface is maintained by vertical diffusion. The no-slip solution is compared with the Ekman-layer model solution. Errors are quantified for the use of the Ekman-layer model in the mature state of frontogenesis.The surface frontogenesis is found to be affected by diffusivity both directly and indirectly. The direct effect of diffusivity is represented explicitly by the diffusion term in the potential temperature equation. The indirect effect of diffusivity is related implicitly to the temperature advection caused by the viscous part of the ageostrophic motion whose horizontal velocity component is defined by the frictional wind deflection (away from the geostrophy). The direct effect of diffusivity is frontolytical, whilst theindirect effect of diffusivity is frontogenetic in the mesoscale vicinity of the front. The indirect effect of diffusivity contributes dominantly to the mesoscale surface frontogenesis for the free-slip case, but it is offset by the divergence of the dynamic part of the ageostrophic motion at the surface level for the non-slip case. 相似文献