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1.
Ali Hooshmand Mohammad H. Aminfar Ebrahim Asghari Hamid Ahmadi 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2012,30(1):219-232
Three types of marls can be found in the Tabriz area (Iran): yellow, green, and gray/black marls. In the present paper, strength
and deformation characteristics of Tabriz marls and their stress–strain behavior are investigated by various in situ and laboratory
tests. In order to study the deformation behavior of these marls, various experiments such as the pressuremeter test, plate
loading test (PLT), seismic wave velocity test, uniaxial compression test, standard penetration test (SPT), and direct shear
test were carried out. Ranges of strain at the elastic and failure points were determined. Young’s and shear modulus were
obtained. Test results showed that the strength characteristics increase with depth. The value of deformation modulus determined
by the pressuremeter test was in good agreement with those obtained from the PLT. This implies that pressuremeter is a suitable
in situ test for characterizing the deformation modulus of marl. Deformation modulus obtained from pressuremeter and plate
loading tests were approximately 4–5 times the results of uniaxial compressive test and the deformation modulus obtained from
seismic data was about 30–50 times the static deformation modulus. Stress–strain curves showed that the maximum value of strain
at the elastic and failure points and the minimum value of strength and deformation modulus are corresponding to the yellow
marls while the minimum value of strain and the maximum value of strength and deformation modulus are corresponding to the
gray/black marls. Some empirical relationships between different characteristics of Tabriz marls were also derived. 相似文献
2.
N. Kalteziotis 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1993,11(2):125-145
Summary A programme of residual shear strength testing has been undertaken on a number of Hellenic soil types: Marls, Clays and Flysch. The residual strength was determined using the Bromhead ring shear aparatus. For the applied normal stress range the residual strength envelope was straight and the resultant residual friction angle values are correlated with the index properties, such as Atterberg limits and grain-size distribution. The influence of mineralogy on the residual friction angle is also considered. 相似文献
3.
中国东部花岗岩残积土物质成分和结构特征的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
中国东部广泛分布着花岗岩类岩体,经强烈风化作用形成巨厚红色风化壳,其表层残积土的性质与一般流水沉积的粘性土有着明显的差别。通过对北起长春南止湛江14个地区花岗岩残积土的粒度成分、矿物成分、化学成分、物理化学性质、微结构形态、孔隙等特征的深入系统研究,阐明花岗岩的风化机理,揭示了花岗岩残积土的基本特点,分析南方与北方残积土特性的差异,解释了花岗岩残积土强度和胀缩性的本质。 相似文献
4.
《Engineering Geology》2000,57(3-4):215-237
Weathering can induce a rapid change of rock material from initial rock-like properties to soil-like properties. The resistance of a rock to short-term weathering is described through a durability parameter called the slake durability index. As durability is an important engineering parameter, particularly for weak and clay-bearing rocks, it was assessed by a number of tests. The main purpose of this study is to assess the influence of the number of drying and wetting cycles and controls of mineralogical composition and strength on durability. For this purpose, 141 samples of different types of weak and clay-bearing rocks were selected from different parts of Turkey, and relationships between the above-mentioned rock characteristics were statistically investigated. The samples were subjected to multiple-cycle slake durability testing, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and uniaxial compression testing. In addition, to assess the influence of mineralogical composition on durability, the mineral contents of the original material and the material passing from the drum of the slake durability apparatus after each cycle were also determined by XRD. The results indicate that the type and amount of clay minerals are the main factors influencing the variations of the slake durability index in all samples. The durability of the clay-bearing rocks studied correlates best with the amount of expandable clay minerals. A strong relationship between the uniaxial compressive strength and the fourth-cycle slake durability index is found only for the marls among the rock types studied. Assessment of gradation results of the spoil pile materials consisting of clay-bearing rocks also reveals that the increase in percentage of fines in old piles is indicative of material degradation, as is evident by multiple-cycle slaking. It is emphasized that two-cycle conventional slake durability testing did not appear to offer an acceptable indication of the durability of weak and clay-bearing rocks when compared with multiple-cyclic wetting and drying. Comments on the performance of the test are made that aim to make the testing process and interpretation of the results more reliable. 相似文献
5.
Correlation of mineralogical and textural characteristics with engineering properties of selected granitic rocks from Turkey 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Granitic rocks show a variety of engineering properties that may affect quarrying operations, tunneling, mining, slope stability and the use of rock as a construction material. The physical and mechanical properties are a function of the mineralogical and textural characteristics of the rock. The purpose of this study is to apply correlation analysis to investigate the relationships between petrographical and engineering properties of granitic rocks. A variety of granitic rock samples from different parts of Turkey were subjected to petrographic studies. The same samples were then tested to determine specific gravity, dry and saturated unit weight, water absorption, effective and total porosity, sonic velocity, Schmidt hardness, point load strength index, uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. The relationships between these properties and the petrographical characteristics are described by simple regression analyses. The study revealed that the influence of the textural characteristics on the engineering properties appears to be more important than the mineralogy. It also determined that the types of contacts, grain (mineral) shape and size significantly influence the engineering properties of the granitic rocks. 相似文献
6.
通过对红层残积红土的粒度成分、矿物成分、化学成分、物理化学特性、宏观结构、微观结构特征的全面系统分析，揭示红层残积红土不仅经历了物理风化作用，而且经受过红土化作用，具有红土的一般特点，是一种强度稍高，压缩性中等，含较多游离氧化物的超固结土。最后对红层残积红土的工程地质评价提出建议，认为其特性与母岩有关，砂砾岩、砂岩残积红土接近花岗岩残积红土；粉砂岩、泥岩残积红土接近红粘土，并对地基承载力和变形等问题提出具体的评价意见。 相似文献
7.
Ilia Ioanna Rozos Dimitrios Perraki Theodora Tsangaratos Paris 《Central European Journal of Geosciences》2009,1(4):431-442
Thirty bulk samples of hard soils-soft rocks such as marls, originating from Euboea Island and Peloponnesus area, were investigated to evaluate their geotechnical behavior. Specifically, by conducting a series of physical and geotechnical tests, such as liquid limit and plastic limit tests, along with the estimation of the grain size fraction, Slake Durability and Point Load Test. Certain parameters were determined and used for empirical correlations with their mineralogical characteristics. The mineralogical composition was determined by X-ray diffraction, thermo-gravimetric and thermal analysis, succeeded by textural analysis performed by Optical Microscope. With the help of the above mentioned tests, we interpreted the observed geotechnical behavior of the examined weak rocks by means of mineralogical composition and texture. Durability and the unconfined compressive strength was found to be influenced by high percentages in carbonate minerals. In addition, it was found that a decrease in clay content resulted in higher strength and durability values. The concluded empirical correlations verified the influence of these parameters and gave a general overview of the engineering behavior of the examined weak rocks. 相似文献
8.
Rock Mechanical Characterization of an Argillaceous Host Rock of a Potential Radioactive Waste Repository 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Summary The physical properties of foliated marls and shales from the Swiss Central Alps were investigated in the laboratory as part
of the site characterization of a potential low and intermediate level radioactive waste repository. The rocks were first
characterized by density, porosity and water content, then P-wave velocity measurements and uniaxial compression tests were
conducted on samples oriented parallel, perpendicular and ∼45° inclined to the foliation. Correlations between P-wave velocities,
Young's moduli, and uniaxial strengths and directional dependence of compressibility and permeability (determined at elevated
hydrostatic pressures) revealed that two distinct families of microcracks cause the significant anisotropy. The pressure and
time dependence of strength was then measured in triaxial compression, creep, and relaxation tests. In triaxial compression
at room temperature, confining pressures up to 90 MPa and strain-rates as low as 10−8 s−1 failure occured after small inelastic strains. Failure strength exhibits a strong pressure and a weak strain-rate dependence.
The low friction coefficient of clay minerals appears to dominate the bulk frictional properties. Micromechanical modeling
of triaxial compression, creep, and relaxation tests suggests that inelastic deformation is accommodated by subcritical crack
growth. 相似文献
9.
Relationship Between Petrographic Characteristics and the Engineering Properties of Jurassic Sandstones, Hamedan, Iran 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
M. Heidari A. A. Momeni B. Rafiei S. Khodabakhsh M. Torabi-Kaveh 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(5):1091-1101
To study the relationship between engineering properties and petrographic characteristics, 20 rock samples were collected from Jurassic sandstones in the Hamedan region, western Iran. The specimens were tested to determine uniaxial compressive strength, point load strength index, tangent modulus, porosity, and dry and saturated unit weights. Samples were also subjected to petrographic examination, which included the observation of 11 parameters and modal analysis. Based on the results of a statistical analysis, polynomial prediction equations were developed to estimate physical and mechanical properties from petrographic characteristics. The results show that textural characteristics are more important than mineral compositions for predicting engineering characteristics. The packing density, packing proximity and grain shape are the petrographic properties that significantly affect the engineering properties of samples. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed, employing four steps comprising various combinations of petrographic characteristics for each engineering parameter. The optimal equation, along with the relevant combination of petrographic characteristics for estimating the engineering properties of the rock samples is proposed. 相似文献
10.
大型层状基岩滑坡软弱夹层演化特征研究——以重庆武隆鸡尾山滑坡为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
软弱夹层经过长期地质历史演化,性质劣化后形成滑带,对大型层状基岩滑坡的稳定性起重要的控制作用。为了查清软弱夹层形成滑带的演化过程,以重庆武隆鸡尾山滑坡为例,对比研究了山体内软弱夹层的发育规律,将其划分为原生软岩、层间剪切带和滑带3个阶段,并通过岩矿组分含量、物理性质、微结构、物理化学性质和蠕变力学性质试验分析了3个阶段的演化特征。结果表明:从矿物成分演化过程来看,黏土矿物含量增加趋势明显,均值从4.4%增加到16.9%;从微结构演化过程来看,微结构由致密变得疏松,孔隙及节理裂隙增多,密度降低了5%~6%,孔隙率升高了108%;从物理化学性质演化过程来看,交换性盐基总含量在原岩中最高,其次是滑带,层间剪切带最低,有机质含量逐渐增大,整个演化环境呈弱碱性。从蠕变剪切强度演化过程来看,软弱夹层的内摩擦角由57.58°降低到29.63°,黏聚力由585 kPa降低到96 kPa。在此基础上,对鸡尾山滑坡驱动块体最大主剖面的下滑推力进行分析,下滑推力随着长期剪切强度参数的降低而增大,当内摩擦角φ < 25°,黏聚力c < 129 kPa时,下滑推力大于0,驱动块体失稳。该研究对受软弱夹层控制的层状基岩滑坡的发育发展过程、失稳机理研究提供了重要的借鉴意义。 相似文献
11.
百色重塑膨胀土抗剪强度的试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对不同初始含水率、不同干密度下百色重塑膨胀土直剪试验,研究了百色击实重塑膨胀土在不同垂直压力下的峰值强度和残余强度,分析了其抗剪强度的作用机制。研究表明：随着干密度的增加,土体的峰值强度增大,残余强度变化不大;随着上覆荷载的增加,土体的抗剪强度明显增加,表明物理处治技术填筑膨胀土路堤能保证其强度和稳定性;干密度对重塑膨胀土的峰值强度影响较大,而对残余强度影响很小;重塑膨胀土的残余强度与它的结构、应力历史、起始含水率没有关系,而只取决于黏土颗粒的形态、大小、含量和矿物成分等因素。 相似文献
12.
B.P. Wen A. Aydin N.S. Duzgoren-Aydin Y.R. Li H.Y. Chen S.D. Xiao 《Engineering Geology》2007,93(3-4):82-98
Slip zones of the large landslides in the Three Gorges area are commonly composed of fine-grained soils with substantial amount of coarse-grained particles, particularly gravel-sized particles. In this study, residual strength of the soils from slip zones of these landslides were examined in relation to their index properties based on a survey of 170 landslides. It was found that laboratory-determined residual friction angle using gravel-free fraction of the disturbed soils from the slip zones was closely related to clay content, liquid limit and plasticity index. On the other hand, in-situ residual friction angle of these soils (i.e. including gravel fraction) showed very weak correlations with clay content and Atterberg limits, but was largely dependent on gravel and fines (clays + silts) contents, increasing with gravels and decreasing with fines, and displayed strong linear correlation with the ratio of gravel to fines contents. These observations indicate that among the index properties, clay content and Atterberg limits can be used to estimate residual strength of the soils finer than 2 mm, but they are not appropriate evaluate the residual strength of the soils containing considerable amount of gravel-sized particles. For the latter, particle size distribution (particularly the ratio of gravel to fines contents) appears to be a useful index. Additionally, it was found that there was no identifiable correlation between relative abundance of individual major clay minerals and residual friction angles of both gravel-free fraction of disturbed and in-situ soils, suggesting that influence of clay minerals on residual strength of these soils can not be simply evaluated based on their abundance. 相似文献
13.
充分认识岩石的地质本质性是准确描述其物理力学特性的桥梁。岩石的地质本质性涵盖了岩石的物质性、结构性和赋存状态3个方面的内容。在综合考虑岩石上述3方面特征及其与单轴试验联系的基础上,以矿物组成、密度、纵波波速和含水状态为基本指标,采用回归和BP神经网络的方法对碳酸盐岩单轴抗压强度进行预测,并采用灰色关联分析法验证本研究所选用的预测基本指标的合理性。实例应用表明：本次采用的回归方法对该类岩石强度预测的最大误差为15.3%,BP神经网络方法预测的最大误差为8.5%。预测误差出现的原因为碳酸盐岩物质组成复杂,所选预测基本指标是实际情况的简化,同时泥灰质岩石所具有的膨胀性也导致实测和预测结果具有一定的差异。 相似文献
14.
矿物成分、特征地球化学组分对水在滑带形成中作用的指示意义:以三峡库区大型滑坡为例 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
弄清滑坡滑带抗剪强度降低的根本原因是滑坡形成机理研究和滑坡活动趋势预测的主要内容之一。水是滑带形成过程中导致其抗剪强度衰减的最活跃因素之一。三峡库区两个大型滑坡实例分析显示,滑带及其周围岩土矿物成分、地球化学成分的变化特征指示滑带形成与水-岩(土)物理、化学作用的方式及作用程度,从而证实矿物学、地球化学研究方法和理论是揭示滑带抗剪强度降低内在机理的有效途径之一。三峡库区黄土坡滑坡临江I#崩滑体和泄滩滑坡滑带土及其周围岩土矿物学、主量化学元素的含量变化特征指示:前者滑带形成过程中,滑带部位地下水因大气降水补给、地下水的氧化作用活跃,导致滑带土抗剪强度减低,其主要原因是其中泥灰岩碎屑的水解泥化作用、方解石溶解作用和伊利石向伊-蒙混层矿物的转化作用;后者滑带形成过程中,滑带部位地下水与外界水力联系较差、地下水的还原作用强烈,滑带部位长石化学风化、次生粘土矿物增多,可知由伊利石转化的伊-蒙混层矿物增多是导致滑带土抗剪强度衰减的主要原因。 相似文献
15.
Durability is one of the most important engineering properties of weak and clay-bearing rocks. Weathering can induce a rapid
change in rock material from initial properties to soil-like properties. The sensitivity of a rock type against weatherability
is usually described by a durability parameter, such as the slake durability index. However, marl resistance is not detected
satisfactorily by the durability indices by using slake durability test as suggested by ISRM for two wetting–drying cycles.
The results of this study are obtained from samples of compact or laminated eocene marls from region of Dalmatia, Croatia.
The samples were subjected to 4 cycles of slake durability, point load tests, determination of dry density, determination
of carbonate content and absorption of water. The scatter of data suggests that strength probably has no influence on the
durability of marls. On the other hand a separate group of marl samples have a second-cycle slake durability index higher
than approximately 85%, and the durability of these samples is classified as “medium-high” to “high”, although the visual
inspection of samples after testing, suggests that they should have “medium” to “low” durability classification. According
to obtained results these samples of marl fulfil the criterions for the durability classification: a carbonate content lower
than approximately 65%, a dry density lower than 2.4 Mg/m3, and values of water absorption higher than 5%. 相似文献
16.
冻融作用下冻结黄土黏聚力长期强度变化规律 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以陕西富平重塑黄土为研究对象,使土样在封闭系统下经历不同次数的冻融循环作用,分析不同次数的冻融循环作用下土体黏聚力的变化规律。试验利用球形模板压入试验测定冻结黄土的相对瞬时强度和长期强度,结果表明,第4次冻融循环后冻结黄土的相对瞬时强度最大,之后在第6次大幅度降低,第8次又大幅度增加,但小于第4次,第10次之后逐渐趋于稳定。冻结黄土的长期强度在冻融循环第8次时最大,第6次和10次强度相近,处于中间水平,第4、50、100次时强度最低。相对瞬时强度的变化和其孔隙比、密度的变化整体上是相互对应的,这种变化规律与冻融过程中的水分迁移有着密切的关系。长期强度与物理性质的关系并不明显,它是土样内部结构、矿物成分以及物理性质的综合反映。 相似文献
17.
雷州半岛玄武岩残积土属于区域性特殊土,具有高液限、大孔隙比的较差的物理特性和高强度的较优的力学特性的异常组合,同时具有强收缩性、遇水湿化、易崩解的特殊性质。为探寻玄武岩残积土特殊的工程地质特性的机理,对其矿物成分、化学成分、结构形态、孔隙分布进行研究。结果表明,雷州半岛玄武岩残积土发育过程经历明显的富铝化、铁富集和盐淋失过程,黏土矿物以高岭石、三水铝石和伊利石为主,富含游离氧化铁、铝成分; 微观结构类型为凝块结构和絮凝结构,游离氧化铁作为胶结物质以包膜形式包裹颗粒形成团聚体,增强了土的结构强度; 孔隙以溶蚀孔隙以及团粒和絮凝体内微孔为主,微孔具有较大的比表面积和吸附能,吸水会产生较大的表面张力,引发软化、崩解现象。由于雷州半岛玄武岩残积土具有对水敏感,抗水性差特点,施工中应重点关注降雨引发的工程灾害。 相似文献
18.
饱水度对砂岩模量及强度影响的三轴试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究饱水度和围压对砂岩力学特性的影响,在不同围压和饱水度下开展三轴试验,获得了不同饱水度和围压下巴里坤砂岩的模量、峰值强度和残余强度,分析了饱水度和围压对砂岩模量、峰值强度和残余强度的影响规律,结果表明：（1）围压增加,砂岩的模量也增加,围压与模量之间近似为直线关系;饱水度增加,砂岩模量降低,单轴下饱和砂岩的模量降低50.9%;饱水度与砂岩模量之间近似服从直线或负指数函数关系。（2）饱水度增加,峰值强度下降;单轴条件下饱和砂岩的峰值强度下降了44.2%;饱水度与砂岩峰值强度之间近似服从自然对数关系。（3）强度退化指数可以较好地描述围压对残余强度的影响,巴里坤砂岩的强度退化指数与围压之间近似符合负指数关系;随着饱水度增加,砂岩的残余强度降低。（4）随着围压增加,饱水度对砂岩模量、峰值强度和残余强度的影响都减弱。（5）饱水度在60%以下时,饱水度变化对模量和峰值强度的影响显著,当饱水度超过60%后,模量和峰值强度仍随着饱水度增加而降低,但变化速率趋缓;对于残余强度,则饱水度在80%以下时影响显著。 相似文献
19.
A new rock mass classification for Coal Measures Rocks 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Ergül Ya
ar 《Engineering Geology》2001,62(4):293-300
This paper examines a new rock mass classification system (RMCR) for Coal Measures Rocks which is based on extensive laboratory testing results. The new system has been developed using 12 parameters which consist of mineral content index, uniaxial compressive strength, uniaxial tensile strength, Young's modulus of elasticity, shear strength, cohesion of rocks, angle of internal friction, point load index, cone indenter index, Cerchar index, Shore schleroscope hardness and specific energy index. The RMCR value was obtained by a number of laboratory and in situ testing results which were obtained from the coal site. The objective of the RMCR is to estimate the rock mass properties for engineering purposes. 相似文献
20.
黄土的构度指标及其试验确定方法 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
黄土的结构性是一个重要的物理性质指标,它与土的粒度、密度和湿度一起影响土的力学性质。依据加荷、扰动、浸水释放土结构势的方法,由土的无侧限抗压强度定义了黄土结构性的构度指标。通过多个场地不同黄土的无侧限单轴压缩试验,测试分析了不同含水率原状土、重塑土和饱和原状土的单轴压缩应力-应变曲线及无侧限抗压强度变化规律,由此得出土的构度指标的变化规律。并且,在粒度、密度、湿度相似条件下,比较分析了土的构度指标与其压缩性之间的关系。土的构度指标与粒度、密度和湿度指标一起能够合理描述土的物理力学基本性质。 相似文献