共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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河南省夏玉米农学模式产量预报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从农学方面分析了形成夏玉米产量三要素的穗数、穗粒数、穗粒重及在夏玉米生殖生长过程中，对产量积累起着重要作用的叶面积系数、干物重和产量之间的关系，并建立了相应的农学模式方程，为河南省夏玉米产量预报提供几种农学方法。 相似文献
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甘肃敦煌地区气候条件虽然适宜棉花生长,但热量条件处于棉花正常生长适宜指标的下线,对棉花的产量和质量具有较大影响。利用敦煌市国家基准气象观测站1983~2012年农业气象观测资料,统计分析了敦煌棉花全生育期气象条件对棉花的株铃数、单铃重及僵烂铃率、蕾铃脱落率及产量的影响。结果表明：棉花花蕾期气温、花后热量和花期气温、裂铃吐絮阶段灌水量是造成棉花僵烂铃和蕾铃脱落的主要原因。花铃期的平均气温越高,热量越充足,越有利于棉铃数的增加;7月上旬至8月中旬夜温不足降低了棉株矿物质和贮存物的积累速率,导致花蕾及胚珠发育不良,单铃胚珠数减少;盛夏7月中旬高温造成棉铃代谢紊乱,导致单铃不孕,造成株铃数不足和单铃重下降,进而影响棉花产量。 相似文献
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在前人工作基础上，从产量构成的两个因素出发，尽可能考虑影响产量的生物学因子，运用秭归县站１９８４－１９９２年逐日气象资料和该站脐橙观测地段罗柏逊－３５号品种落花落果、果实膨大及产量资料，建立单株结果量的统计模式和单果重的动态模拟式，从而对单株产量进行预测。 相似文献
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通过分析1964—2008年万荣县麦田土壤湿度资料,发现:年平均土壤质量含水率呈0.78%/(10a)速率递减,进入21世纪水分条件较差,特别是冬小麦生育期土壤干旱严重;旬平均土壤湿度基本呈一峰一谷型分布;越冬开始前土壤湿度与越冬开始冬小麦分蘖数呈明显的反相关,春季拔节前和拔节抽穗期的土壤湿度与茎杆重呈较明显的正相关,越冬前和春季拔节前的土壤湿度与有效茎数呈明显正相关;越冬前及春季拔节前土壤湿度与全县冬小麦气象产量呈明显的正相关,扬花灌浆期土壤湿度与观测地段的气象产量呈一定的反相关。 相似文献
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选取番茄品种“金冠5号”为试材,在日光温室中利用遮阳网设计不同寡照(光合有效辐射,PAR<200μmol·m^-2·s^-1)持续日数(0、1、3、5、7、9 d)及正常光照条件下的恢复试验,研究寡照胁迫对番茄开花座果、产量形成及果实品质的影响。结果表明:持续寡照胁迫造成番茄开花期推迟,开花数和单穗果实数减少,座果率降低,寡照胁迫7—9 d,番茄花期推迟一周左右;寡照胁迫还导致番茄单果重、单株产量、果实直径降低,非商品果率增加,寡照9 d处理番茄单果重、单株产量、果实直径分别较CK低0.04 kg、1.80 kg和1.10 cm,非商品果率较CK高3.1%;寡照胁迫下,番茄单株产量与植株叶片数,叶片气孔导度、蒸腾速率、光合速率等光合参数均呈显著正相关,而与叶片胞间CO 2浓度呈负相关;番茄果实维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量和可溶性蛋白含量随寡照胁迫持续时间增加而降低;而番茄果实抗坏血酸含量、有机酸含量和总酸度则相反,且寡照胁迫持续时间越长,番茄果实抗坏血酸含量、有机酸含量和总酸度越高。研究结论可为定量评估寡照灾害对设施番茄开花座果、产量及品质的影响提供一定依据。 相似文献
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江苏省单季晚稻产量预报的分段加权动态模式 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文利用灰色系统GM(1,1)模型逐段滑动平均模拟趋势产量y_t,根据单季晚稻的穗数、粒数和粒重对最终产量的贡献确定出生育三个阶段的权重,算出各阶段的气象产量。通过MAICE逐步回归方法分别建立各介生育阶段末气候产量的预测模式,分段加权动态地进行单季晚稻的产量预测。最后还作了1986—1988年产量的试报。 相似文献
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A DIAGNOSTIC EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF EFFECTS OF CO_2 ENRICHMENT ON COTTON GROWTH,DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD 
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下载免费PDF全文 A series of experiments were conducted about the effects of different CO_2 concentrations andventilating time on cotton using OPT-1 open top chambers.The results show that.for all theventilating treatments,the development stages of cotton were advanced,plant height increased,thebiomass of root and stalk increased when CO_2 concentration increased: the number of bolls formed insummer was more than 85% of the total for the treatment of 700 ppm CO_2 concentration; single bollweight,the number of bolls per plant,ginned and unginned cotton weights,and stalk weightincreased obviously when CO_2 concentration increased,but the influences of CO_2 enrichment on theratio of ginned weight to the total weight of ginned and unginned cotton,fibre length and ginnedweight of 100-seed were small. 相似文献
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A DIAGNOSTIC EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF EFFECTS OF CO2 ENRICHMENT ON COTTON GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A series of experiments were conducted about the effects of different CO2 concentrations and ventilating time on cotton using OPT-1 open top chambers.The results show that.for all the ventilating treatments,the development stages of cotton were advanced,plant height increased,the biomass of root and stalk increased when CO2 concentration increased:the number of bolls formed in summer was more than 85% of the total for the treatment of 700 ppm CO2 concentration;single boll weight,the number of bolls per plant,ginned and unginned cotton weights,and stalk weight increased obviously when CO2 concentration increased,but the influences of CO2 enrichment on the ratio of ginned weight to the total weight of ginned and unginned cotton,fibre length and ginned weight of 100-seed were small. 相似文献
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水资源匮乏是限制棉花可持续发展的主要因素之一,明确棉花干旱后的复水灌溉量、复水时间及其对生长发育的影响解除程度,可为制定有效抗旱减灾降损措施提供科学依据。采用精准水分模拟试验,研究了花铃期不同复水程度（50%、75%、100%灌溉量）对棉花轻度干旱胁迫（土壤湿度为50%-60%）形态特性、产量的解除效应。结果表明,干旱复水后,100%和75%复水量处理棉花蕾铃干物质、地上总干物质均高于或接近对照,干物质增加量与复水程度呈正比,而50%复水量处理始终低于对照,复水对干旱的解除效应不显著。复水过程中,棉田土壤湿度和植株叶片含水率的差异变化趋势一致,复水后第4d达到最高,随后逐渐下降;复水后第19天至30天,50%复水量叶片含水率显著低于对照,土壤已发展为重旱,而75%、100%复水量叶片含水率与对照间差异不显著,土壤为无旱状态,二者配合可快速监测棉田干旱状况。复水后株蕾铃数、单铃重、棉花纤维长度均低于对照,蕾铃脱落率增加,最终产量低于对照,但75%、100%复水量产量与对照差异不显著。50%复水量无法解除轻度干旱胁迫对棉花生长发育的影响,75%、100%复水量可有效解除干旱影响,且在复水后第19d内受旱棉花处于恢复生长的旺盛期,进行干旱复水灌溉时需考虑复水程度和时间差。 相似文献
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利用河北省棉区1981—2015年40个气象站逐日气象资料、农业气象观测站棉花农情、连阴雨灾情、棉花产量资料,分析连阴雨过程特征及其对棉花生长的影响,修订和完善连阴雨灾害指标;采用数理统计方法获取历史连阴雨产量灾损率、筛选关键致灾因子,采用权重系数法构建连阴雨强度指数,并建立基于强度指数的灾损评估模型;利用有序样本聚类分析法划分连阴雨强度等级;依据风险分析原理,构建连阴雨风险指数并进行风险区划。结果表明：建立的强度指数能够客观反映连阴雨灾害强度,灾损评估模型评估效果较好。棉花播种出苗期连阴雨发生概率低（0.076）、造成的损失小（平均产量灾损率0.09%）;现蕾至吐絮期连阴雨影响较大,发生概率和造成的灾损率由大到小依次为花铃期（0.447,17.1%） > 现蕾期（0.394,11.7%） > 吐絮期（0.237,7.2%）。近年来,现蕾期连阴雨发生站次减少,对棉花影响减弱,花铃期和吐絮期发生站次增加,尤其是吐絮期增加明显,成为连阴雨灾害影响棉花生长的主要时期。现蕾期和花铃期连阴雨高风险区主要分布在非主棉区,其中现蕾期高风险区分布在保定北部及以北棉区,花铃期高风险区分布在保定北部及以北棉区和石家庄、邢台、邯郸三市西部棉区;吐絮期高风险区分布在保定西南部、衡水西部、石家庄及其以南棉区,部分地区为主棉区。 相似文献
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石河子棉区棉花阶段延迟型冷害指标研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
邹陈 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2012,6(5):46-51
为客观定量评估北疆棉花冷害,本文利用2003-2007年在北疆乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站和莫索湾气象站进行的田间分期播种试验,对处于不同热量条件下的花铃期棉花进行发育期、外部性状、产量性状监测。结合两站同步气象观测资料,计算整理两站开花至裂铃期间日平均温度、日最高、日最低温度、及≥10℃、15℃、20℃活动积温等资料。综合气象学、生态学信息,分析棉花花铃期低温对棉花发育期、外部性状特征、产量性状特征的影响。运用一元线性回归统计分析,建立了北疆棉区棉花开花至开花盛期间隔日数与产量的回归方程,并由此得出北疆棉区出现轻、中、重度级别阶段性延迟型冷害的开花至开花盛期间隔日数指标;运用相同的方法得出出现轻、中、重度级别延迟型冷害的开花至裂铃期间单铃重指标。 相似文献
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Response of flower and boll development to climatic factors in Egyptian cotton (Gossypium barbadense) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Zakaria M. Sawan 《Climatic change》2009,97(3-4):553-591
Fruiting of cotton plant is determined and influenced by cultivars, climatic conditions, management practices and pests. An understanding of the flowering and boll retention patterns of cotton cultivars can contribute to more efficient and economical crop management. The objective of this investigation was to study the effect of various climatic factors on flower and boll production, and also, the nature of its effects prevailing prior and subsequent to either flowering or boll setting on flower and boll production and retention in Egyptian cotton. This could be used in formulating advanced prediction of the effect of certain climatic conditions on the production of Egyptian cotton. Also, the study focused on four equal periods during the development of flower and bolls stage to study the response of these characters to climatic factors during these periods and to determine the most representative period corresponding to the overall crop pattern. Further, the study predicting effects of climatic factors during convenient intervals (in days) on cotton flower and boll production compared with daily observations to find the optimum interval. Evaporation, sunshine duration, humidity, surface soil temperature at 1800 h, and maximum air temperature, are the important climatic factors that significantly affects flower and boll production. Evaporation; minimum humidity and sunshine duration were the most effective climatic factors during preceding and succeeding periods on boll production and retention. There was a negative correlation between flower and boll production and either evaporation or sunshine duration, while that correlation with minimum humidity was positive. The fourth quarter period of the production stage was the most appropriate and usable time to collect data for determining efficient prediction equations for cotton production. Evaporation, humidity and temperature were the principal climatic factors that governed cotton flower and boll production during the fourth quarter. The five day interval was found to be adequately and sensibly related to yield parameters than other intervals and was closest to the daily observations. Evaporation was found to be the most important climatic variable affecting flower and boll production, followed by humidity. An accurate weather forecast 5–7 days in advance would provide an opportunity to avoid adverse effects of climatic factors on cotton production through utilizing proper cultural practices which would limit and control their negative effects. 相似文献
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2018年在黑龙江省庆安县选用寒地水稻龙粳31品种进行淹水试验,在拔节孕穗期、抽穗开花期,分别设定3个淹水深度（1/3株高、2/3株高、3/3株高）、2个淹水历时（3 d、7 d）共12个淹水处理,测定淹水前后的株高、叶面积、干物质及收获后的每穗粒数、结实率、千粒重及产量等。结果表明：水稻淹水后,株高、叶面积指数、干物质平均增长量基本高于同时期对照组,在一定程度上可以说明适度的淹涝胁迫对水稻植株生长具有促进作用,拔节孕穗期各项与对照组相比的增长程度均低于抽穗开花期;不同淹涝胁迫均导致水稻减产,拔节孕穗期全淹没7 d减产最严重,穗结实粒数仅55粒,千粒重16.9 g,远低于对照,减产率高达70%,抽穗开花期全淹没7 d减产也较严重,穗结实粒数为71粒,千粒重略低,但单位面积有效穗数最少,为2.83×106穗,减产率达57%;淹水深度1/3 h、2/3 h、3/3 h处理的平均减产率依次为16%、18%、48%,淹水持续3 d、7 d的平均减产率分别为21%、33%,可见随着淹水深度加深、淹水历时加长,水稻减产幅度加大;淹涝胁迫条件下,拔节孕穗期水稻产量的下降幅度大于抽穗开花期,导致两个发育期减产的主要产量构成因素分别为穗结实粒数、单位面积有效穗数。 相似文献